Therapists in Charlottesville, VA

View neighborhoods in Charlottesville
Photo of Tara Kreider, Counselor in Charlottesville, VA
Tara Kreider
Counselor, MA, LPC, LMHC
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Charlottesville, VA 22903  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Whether you are struggling with issues like anxiety, depression, relationship difficulties, or self doubt, I have learned to trust that the therapeutic relationship can catalyze an upward spiral of healing and growth we all are wired for. Maybe you are curious about insecure patterns you have in relationships at home, work, and/or with friends, or you feel generally anxious, tense, stuck or shut down about life right now and you want to approach life from a place of security. I affirm your decision to reach out for support and guidance and believe that through our work together, you can not only feel better but thrive.
Whether you are struggling with issues like anxiety, depression, relationship difficulties, or self doubt, I have learned to trust that the therapeutic relationship can catalyze an upward spiral of healing and growth we all are wired for. Maybe you are curious about insecure patterns you have in relationships at home, work, and/or with friends, or you feel generally anxious, tense, stuck or shut down about life right now and you want to approach life from a place of security. I affirm your decision to reach out for support and guidance and believe that through our work together, you can not only feel better but thrive.
(434) 226-5594 View (434) 226-5594
Photo of Amit Shahane, Psychologist in Charlottesville, VA
Amit Shahane
Psychologist, PhD, ABPP
Verified Verified
Charlottesville, VA 22902
I am a board certified, licensed psychologist dedicated to helping individuals navigate personal and professional challenges on the path toward positive mental health well-being. With specialized training in trauma, depression, anxiety, sleep, gender and sexual identity, and adjustment to chronic medical illness, I bring years of clinical experience to assist in managing life’s challenges. I also provide a host of assessment services including readiness for surgery evaluations including bariatric and gender-affirming surgery. My approach is rooted in empathy and evidence-based practice to ensure a positive experience.
I am a board certified, licensed psychologist dedicated to helping individuals navigate personal and professional challenges on the path toward positive mental health well-being. With specialized training in trauma, depression, anxiety, sleep, gender and sexual identity, and adjustment to chronic medical illness, I bring years of clinical experience to assist in managing life’s challenges. I also provide a host of assessment services including readiness for surgery evaluations including bariatric and gender-affirming surgery. My approach is rooted in empathy and evidence-based practice to ensure a positive experience.
(434) 686-6430 View (434) 686-6430
Photo of Jesse Luckett, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor in Charlottesville, VA
Jesse Luckett, LPC
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Charlottesville, VA 22902
I work with individuals and couples to help them actualize their innate qualities of goodness and wholeness. I support people who are overwhelmed with stress, anxiety, or depression, in order to help them learn to transform their life challenges into opportunities for healing and growth. Individuals and couples will learn to recognize behaviors that keep them stuck and are provided with tools to help them process difficult emotions and connect and communicate more effectively and lovingly. Through establishing a caring therapeutic relationship clients can become more confident and secure within themselves.
I work with individuals and couples to help them actualize their innate qualities of goodness and wholeness. I support people who are overwhelmed with stress, anxiety, or depression, in order to help them learn to transform their life challenges into opportunities for healing and growth. Individuals and couples will learn to recognize behaviors that keep them stuck and are provided with tools to help them process difficult emotions and connect and communicate more effectively and lovingly. Through establishing a caring therapeutic relationship clients can become more confident and secure within themselves.
(720) 466-7964 View (720) 466-7964
Photo of Wright Group Counseling, Resident in Counseling in Charlottesville, VA
Wright Group Counseling
Resident in Counseling, MS, LPC RES
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Charlottesville, VA 22903  (Online Only)
In addition to group therapy options, Wright Group Counseling is accepting new clients for virtual individual therapy sessions. Tiffany has experience working with individuals from various populations to include children, adults, and families. She is knowledgeable and experienced in assisting clients through a variety of emotional and behavioral struggles as well as difficult life circumstances. She values and emulates an empathetic, open, unbiased, all-inclusive therapeutic approach and creates a safe space for all thoughts, behaviors, and emotions.
In addition to group therapy options, Wright Group Counseling is accepting new clients for virtual individual therapy sessions. Tiffany has experience working with individuals from various populations to include children, adults, and families. She is knowledgeable and experienced in assisting clients through a variety of emotional and behavioral struggles as well as difficult life circumstances. She values and emulates an empathetic, open, unbiased, all-inclusive therapeutic approach and creates a safe space for all thoughts, behaviors, and emotions.
(434) 533-7903 View (434) 533-7903
Photo of Jessica Lincoln, Pre-Licensed Professional in Charlottesville, VA
Jessica Lincoln
Pre-Licensed Professional, MSW
Verified Verified
Charlottesville, VA 22902  (Online Only)
Immediate Availability For New Telehealth Clients! My name is Jess, and I offer affirming and supportive therapeutic services and mind-body practices to Virginia Residents. Past or ongoing trauma, divorce or separation, pressure from school or peers, and many other challenges in your life can create anxiety and depression that leave you feeling stuck. You may not even know the reason you feeling down, but together we can choose a path that aligns with your values and beliefs to guide you to a better life and help you achieve your goals.
Immediate Availability For New Telehealth Clients! My name is Jess, and I offer affirming and supportive therapeutic services and mind-body practices to Virginia Residents. Past or ongoing trauma, divorce or separation, pressure from school or peers, and many other challenges in your life can create anxiety and depression that leave you feeling stuck. You may not even know the reason you feeling down, but together we can choose a path that aligns with your values and beliefs to guide you to a better life and help you achieve your goals.
(434) 577-8479 View (434) 577-8479
Photo of Angela D'Amelio, Marriage & Family Therapist in Charlottesville, VA
Angela D'Amelio
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Charlottesville, VA 22901
Finding the right therapist - one you feel comfortable with, trust, and can be open and honest with - is essential to your healing. I am committed to facilitating an environment of acceptance, hope, and encouragement. I help individuals who are dealing with depression, anxiety, relationships, and women's issues. My goal is to help you feel empowered, and to create a balanced life and a renewed relationship with yourself and others. Together, we will develop skills, build emotional strength, and find the path toward living out your goals.
Finding the right therapist - one you feel comfortable with, trust, and can be open and honest with - is essential to your healing. I am committed to facilitating an environment of acceptance, hope, and encouragement. I help individuals who are dealing with depression, anxiety, relationships, and women's issues. My goal is to help you feel empowered, and to create a balanced life and a renewed relationship with yourself and others. Together, we will develop skills, build emotional strength, and find the path toward living out your goals.
(434) 277-2125 View (434) 277-2125
Photo of Katybeth Eller, Licensed Professional Counselor in Charlottesville, VA
Katybeth Eller
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Charlottesville, VA 22901
Kathryn "Katybeth" Eller is a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) who has been in the counseling field since 2009. Katybeth has experience working with clients and addiction, addicted family systems, recovery from substance use/abuse, codependency, LGBTQIA+ issues, and self-compassion. She loves helping people develop self-awareness, self-confidence, and self-worth in a safe and supportive therapeutic relationship.
Kathryn "Katybeth" Eller is a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) who has been in the counseling field since 2009. Katybeth has experience working with clients and addiction, addicted family systems, recovery from substance use/abuse, codependency, LGBTQIA+ issues, and self-compassion. She loves helping people develop self-awareness, self-confidence, and self-worth in a safe and supportive therapeutic relationship.
(434) 448-4672 View (434) 448-4672
Photo of Lifebulb Counseling & Therapy in Charlottesville, VA
Lifebulb Counseling & Therapy
Verified Verified
Charlottesville, VA 22902
Working with us you'll get results. Because we believe you're best served by a clinician who's passionate about not only their work, but who they work with as well. That's why we started Lifebulb - We're committed to building an organization that truly allows therapists to get back to enjoying their work, so you, our client, can receive the highest quality therapy services, whether in person at one of our locations or online through telehealth. We hire only highly trained and educated, licensed clinicians dedicated to the therapy process. We're confident we can help you achieve your therapy goals.
Working with us you'll get results. Because we believe you're best served by a clinician who's passionate about not only their work, but who they work with as well. That's why we started Lifebulb - We're committed to building an organization that truly allows therapists to get back to enjoying their work, so you, our client, can receive the highest quality therapy services, whether in person at one of our locations or online through telehealth. We hire only highly trained and educated, licensed clinicians dedicated to the therapy process. We're confident we can help you achieve your therapy goals.
(434) 205-6375 View (434) 205-6375
Photo of Angela Nemecek-Haag, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Charlottesville, VA
Angela Nemecek-Haag
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Charlottesville, VA 22902
Not accepting new clients
People who benefit from therapy with me have often felt misunderstood or even harmed by the mental health system. Whether because of sexuality, gender identity, spirituality, neurodivergence, or non-mainstream relationships, they have found therapy to be unwelcoming or unsafe. This means I try never to take your trust for granted. I engage as fully as possible with your values, needs, and preferences, and I adapt my approach based on your response and feedback. You're always steering the ship in your therapy—I am only a guide.
People who benefit from therapy with me have often felt misunderstood or even harmed by the mental health system. Whether because of sexuality, gender identity, spirituality, neurodivergence, or non-mainstream relationships, they have found therapy to be unwelcoming or unsafe. This means I try never to take your trust for granted. I engage as fully as possible with your values, needs, and preferences, and I adapt my approach based on your response and feedback. You're always steering the ship in your therapy—I am only a guide.
View
Photo of Barbara Groves, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Charlottesville, VA
Barbara Groves
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Charlottesville, VA 22902
As your therapist, I will guide you to recognize learned patterns of thinking, acting and feeling that may be creating suffering in your life. Together we will explore where and why you learned those patterns. Once fully understood, you will find the courage to transform those learned patterns into healthier ones. I will then guide you to practice these new and healthier patterns in the therapy room as well as in your life outside the therapy room. Once you transform old patterns of relating into healthier ones, you will feel lighter, more confident and happier.
As your therapist, I will guide you to recognize learned patterns of thinking, acting and feeling that may be creating suffering in your life. Together we will explore where and why you learned those patterns. Once fully understood, you will find the courage to transform those learned patterns into healthier ones. I will then guide you to practice these new and healthier patterns in the therapy room as well as in your life outside the therapy room. Once you transform old patterns of relating into healthier ones, you will feel lighter, more confident and happier.
(434) 602-2150 View (434) 602-2150
Photo of Christine Hitchins, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Charlottesville, VA
Christine Hitchins
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Charlottesville, VA 22903  (Online Only)
The human experience is such a mix of struggle and ease, suffering and joy. And depending on what life brings, sometimes there is more struggle than ease! Yet I believe we all have deep capacities for healing and for returning to our own innate wisdom and wholeness. Having a therapist you trust can be one great way to support yourself on that journey.
The human experience is such a mix of struggle and ease, suffering and joy. And depending on what life brings, sometimes there is more struggle than ease! Yet I believe we all have deep capacities for healing and for returning to our own innate wisdom and wholeness. Having a therapist you trust can be one great way to support yourself on that journey.
(434) 226-7861 View (434) 226-7861
Photo of Emily E Lape in Charlottesville, VA
Emily E Lape
LCSW
Verified Verified
Charlottesville, VA 22901
As a seasoned clinician (25+yrs experience) I find the work deeply rewarding. My primary focus is relational but can integrate other techniques. Good therapy helps people to develop a stronger sense of identity, self worth and agency. We can explore strengths, longings, disappointments, stuck places, self defeating behaviors, caregiver strain and coping tools. We can work to deepen relationships and focus on greater satisfaction in both your personal & professional life. Prefer initial contact via text (or email) telling me about yourself and what you are looking to work on in therapy.
As a seasoned clinician (25+yrs experience) I find the work deeply rewarding. My primary focus is relational but can integrate other techniques. Good therapy helps people to develop a stronger sense of identity, self worth and agency. We can explore strengths, longings, disappointments, stuck places, self defeating behaviors, caregiver strain and coping tools. We can work to deepen relationships and focus on greater satisfaction in both your personal & professional life. Prefer initial contact via text (or email) telling me about yourself and what you are looking to work on in therapy.
(434) 361-4798 View (434) 361-4798
Photo of Raluca Irion, Pre-Licensed Professional in Charlottesville, VA
Raluca Irion
Pre-Licensed Professional, RIC
Verified Verified
Charlottesville, VA 22901
Raluca Irion is a Resident in Clinical Mental Health Counseling (LMHC-R) with more than 3 years of experience. She utilizes depression, anxiety, grief, trauma, and the complexities of navigating through significant life transitions.
Raluca Irion is a Resident in Clinical Mental Health Counseling (LMHC-R) with more than 3 years of experience. She utilizes depression, anxiety, grief, trauma, and the complexities of navigating through significant life transitions.
(434) 216-2914 View (434) 216-2914
Photo of Ann Bohr Benner, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Charlottesville, VA
Ann Bohr Benner
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Charlottesville, VA 22902
Waitlist for new clients
I work with individual adults of all ages who have depression or anxiety, and/or have experienced trauma. I also work with people who are struggling with life transitions, with grief, or are working on difficult decisions. I am in a good situation to work with older adults, both because I am older myself and because I can take Medicare.
I work with individual adults of all ages who have depression or anxiety, and/or have experienced trauma. I also work with people who are struggling with life transitions, with grief, or are working on difficult decisions. I am in a good situation to work with older adults, both because I am older myself and because I can take Medicare.
(434) 443-8620 View (434) 443-8620
Photo of Caroline Megargel, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Charlottesville, VA
Caroline Megargel
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Charlottesville, VA 22903
I specialize in counseling children, adolescents, and young adults struggling with a range of issues--from managing the stress of everyday life to more serious difficulties, such as mood disorders, trauma, and anger management. I believe that developing a collaborative, yet change-oriented, relationship with my clients is key to promoting growth. As such, I am solution-focused and strive to help my clients learn new methods of solving their problems and managing emotions. I believe in practicing therapy that is translatable to the real world, as small changes can greatly improve a young person's experience and trajectory of life.
I specialize in counseling children, adolescents, and young adults struggling with a range of issues--from managing the stress of everyday life to more serious difficulties, such as mood disorders, trauma, and anger management. I believe that developing a collaborative, yet change-oriented, relationship with my clients is key to promoting growth. As such, I am solution-focused and strive to help my clients learn new methods of solving their problems and managing emotions. I believe in practicing therapy that is translatable to the real world, as small changes can greatly improve a young person's experience and trajectory of life.
(434) 248-3557 View (434) 248-3557
Photo of Andrea Hawkes, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Charlottesville, VA
Andrea Hawkes
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Charlottesville, VA 22911
Marriage and Family Therapist (Resident), Couples/Throuples/Polyamory relationship counselor. Whether it is an immediate crisis or digging deep into old issues, I am happy to be on your team. Whether you seek help with parenting your children or reparenting yourself, I am here to help you down the path toward your more satisfied and peaceful self. I have a huge passion for enhancing relationship evolution, exploring how childhood development influences adult behaviors, and finding the golden nuggets hidden in our discomfort. I also offer integrative therapy for people who use psychedelics.
Marriage and Family Therapist (Resident), Couples/Throuples/Polyamory relationship counselor. Whether it is an immediate crisis or digging deep into old issues, I am happy to be on your team. Whether you seek help with parenting your children or reparenting yourself, I am here to help you down the path toward your more satisfied and peaceful self. I have a huge passion for enhancing relationship evolution, exploring how childhood development influences adult behaviors, and finding the golden nuggets hidden in our discomfort. I also offer integrative therapy for people who use psychedelics.
(434) 201-7963 View (434) 201-7963
Photo of Brandon Phillips, Psychologist in Charlottesville, VA
Brandon Phillips
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Charlottesville, VA 22901
Hope, confidence, and increased understanding are some of the general benefits most people can expect from therapy. Therapy can be even more helpful when you find the right person to work with. I am a psychologist in Charlottesville, Virginia, and I work with adults experiencing a wide range of issues, including depression, anxiety, and difficulties in relationships. My approach is collaborative and multifaceted. We work together to become more aware and effective. In this way people feel more able to overcome challenging situations, manage difficult emotions, and reduce future problems.
Hope, confidence, and increased understanding are some of the general benefits most people can expect from therapy. Therapy can be even more helpful when you find the right person to work with. I am a psychologist in Charlottesville, Virginia, and I work with adults experiencing a wide range of issues, including depression, anxiety, and difficulties in relationships. My approach is collaborative and multifaceted. We work together to become more aware and effective. In this way people feel more able to overcome challenging situations, manage difficult emotions, and reduce future problems.
(434) 325-5211 View (434) 325-5211
Photo of Amanda Winecoff, Licensed Professional Counselor in Charlottesville, VA
Amanda Winecoff
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MBA
Verified Verified
Charlottesville, VA 22902  (Online Only)
I believe we all just want to do, feel and be a little better every day. I use an approach based in kindness, compassion, mindfulness and strength to help you find a way to be better everyday in your life and your relationships. I will help you explore emotional lability, past trauma, feeling stuck, and lack of hope for a better future. Grief, fear and feeling overwhelmed often stops us from being the best we can be. If you want to move towards a better you, I can offer some help
I believe we all just want to do, feel and be a little better every day. I use an approach based in kindness, compassion, mindfulness and strength to help you find a way to be better everyday in your life and your relationships. I will help you explore emotional lability, past trauma, feeling stuck, and lack of hope for a better future. Grief, fear and feeling overwhelmed often stops us from being the best we can be. If you want to move towards a better you, I can offer some help
(434) 372-9654 View (434) 372-9654
Photo of Ella Beck, Pre-Licensed Professional in Charlottesville, VA
Ella Beck
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Charlottesville, VA 22903
Welcome! I’m so glad you’re here. I’m a compassionate and dedicated counselor who believes that each individual possesses the incredible power for change within themselves. My mission is to guide you on a transformative journey of self-discovery, healing, and personal growth. In the warm and accepting space I create, you are invited to explore your thoughts and feelings freely. I understand that seeking counseling can be an intimidating step, and I want you to feel comfortable and supported throughout the process. Here, you can share your experiences, challenges, and aspirations without fear of judgment.
Welcome! I’m so glad you’re here. I’m a compassionate and dedicated counselor who believes that each individual possesses the incredible power for change within themselves. My mission is to guide you on a transformative journey of self-discovery, healing, and personal growth. In the warm and accepting space I create, you are invited to explore your thoughts and feelings freely. I understand that seeking counseling can be an intimidating step, and I want you to feel comfortable and supported throughout the process. Here, you can share your experiences, challenges, and aspirations without fear of judgment.
(434) 830-8094 View (434) 830-8094
Photo of Margo Merryman Murray, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Charlottesville, VA
Margo Merryman Murray
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Charlottesville, VA 22902
People often seek out therapy when they are feeling overwhelmed, stuck, or alone. These feelings may cause symptoms of anxiety, depression, difficulty managing anger, or dependance on food or substances to cope. As a therapist I enjoy creating a relationship that is warm, consistent, caring and safe to explore difficult feelings or experiences while figuring out what symptoms like anxiety, or depression are trying to tell us. Having someone who understands the way you think and feel can be truly transformative. This process can lead to the rediscovery of your own innate constructive forces, bringing relief and much needed change.
People often seek out therapy when they are feeling overwhelmed, stuck, or alone. These feelings may cause symptoms of anxiety, depression, difficulty managing anger, or dependance on food or substances to cope. As a therapist I enjoy creating a relationship that is warm, consistent, caring and safe to explore difficult feelings or experiences while figuring out what symptoms like anxiety, or depression are trying to tell us. Having someone who understands the way you think and feel can be truly transformative. This process can lead to the rediscovery of your own innate constructive forces, bringing relief and much needed change.
(646) 719-0570 View (646) 719-0570

See more therapy options for Charlottesville

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Charlottesville, VA

600+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Charlottesville, VA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
88% Depression
79% Self Esteem
74% Stress
73% Relationship Issues
73% Trauma and PTSD
72% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

13 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

84% Aetna
78% BlueCross and BlueShield
69% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Charlottesville, VA see their clients

77% In Person and Online
23% Online Only

Gender breakdown

82% Female
17% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Charlottesville?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.