Photo of Jessica Clark - Align Integrative Health, RN, BSN
Align Integrative Health
RN, BSN
Verified Verified
Mount Crawford, VA 22841
Is your mental or physical health holding you back? Would you like to feel empowered to make sustainable lifestyle-based shifts to improve your health? As a nurse health coach, I will help you understand your needs and to create a personalized, holistic plan to meet and maintain your wellness goals. Together, we will identify opportunities, navigate barriers, and establish lifestyle practices to support your body’s innate ability to heal and thrive. I implement evidence-based behavior change approaches, while honoring your intuition and values, integrating additional resources and referrals as needed.
Is your mental or physical health holding you back? Would you like to feel empowered to make sustainable lifestyle-based shifts to improve your health? As a nurse health coach, I will help you understand your needs and to create a personalized, holistic plan to meet and maintain your wellness goals. Together, we will identify opportunities, navigate barriers, and establish lifestyle practices to support your body’s innate ability to heal and thrive. I implement evidence-based behavior change approaches, while honoring your intuition and values, integrating additional resources and referrals as needed.
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Photo of Ellen S Wright, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Ellen S Wright
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Online Only
You are here. You’ve made it. You can breathe. You’ve made it through 100% of your hardest days. Your body is likely holding decades-worth of wounds and wisdom. You are likely tired and might be wondering if you need a change. You are waiting to breathe…to rest…to be. Our work together will focus on your authentic connection to yourself. We will create a space that centers your personal experiences, your family’s story, and your people’s pain and perseverance. A space and time that recognizes how your identities shape how you experience the world. A space and time in which you can be your full self. You are worthy of that.
You are here. You’ve made it. You can breathe. You’ve made it through 100% of your hardest days. Your body is likely holding decades-worth of wounds and wisdom. You are likely tired and might be wondering if you need a change. You are waiting to breathe…to rest…to be. Our work together will focus on your authentic connection to yourself. We will create a space that centers your personal experiences, your family’s story, and your people’s pain and perseverance. A space and time that recognizes how your identities shape how you experience the world. A space and time in which you can be your full self. You are worthy of that.
(410) 927-5783 View (410) 927-5783

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Sydney Beasley, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Sydney Beasley
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Online Only
Hi! I’m a licensed professional counselor in Virginia with a Master’s degree from Eastern Kentucky University. My diverse experience across various settings has shaped my understanding of different perspectives. I’m passionate about helping adults heal from childhood trauma, navigate grief, and transition to independent living. As a trained death doula, I bring a deeper, more compassionate approach to supporting clients through grief and loss.
Hi! I’m a licensed professional counselor in Virginia with a Master’s degree from Eastern Kentucky University. My diverse experience across various settings has shaped my understanding of different perspectives. I’m passionate about helping adults heal from childhood trauma, navigate grief, and transition to independent living. As a trained death doula, I bring a deeper, more compassionate approach to supporting clients through grief and loss.
(571) 559-5067 View (571) 559-5067
Photo of Ashly Bradley, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Ashly Bradley
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Harrisonburg, VA 22801
I'm Ashly Bradley, a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) in Virginia with over 10 years of experience working with children, adolescents, and families across various settings. My primary focus has been in school-based therapeutic programs, where I've provided services such as therapeutic day treatment, school-based outpatient therapy, group therapy, and individual therapy. I specialize in supporting clients dealing with ADHD, depression, anxiety, trauma, grief and loss, and various life stressors.
I'm Ashly Bradley, a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) in Virginia with over 10 years of experience working with children, adolescents, and families across various settings. My primary focus has been in school-based therapeutic programs, where I've provided services such as therapeutic day treatment, school-based outpatient therapy, group therapy, and individual therapy. I specialize in supporting clients dealing with ADHD, depression, anxiety, trauma, grief and loss, and various life stressors.
(434) 577-8236 View (434) 577-8236
Photo of Nicole Smith, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Nicole Smith
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Charlottesville, VA 22902
With a profound commitment to promoting healing and growth, I am Nikki Smith, a Licensed Professional Counselor with over 16 years of experience in the mental health field. My journey began with a decade dedicated to working with children, adolescents, and families who have experienced trauma in foster care and adoption settings at my local social services agency. This foundational experience gave me a deep understanding of the complexities of trauma and its impact on individuals and families.
With a profound commitment to promoting healing and growth, I am Nikki Smith, a Licensed Professional Counselor with over 16 years of experience in the mental health field. My journey began with a decade dedicated to working with children, adolescents, and families who have experienced trauma in foster care and adoption settings at my local social services agency. This foundational experience gave me a deep understanding of the complexities of trauma and its impact on individuals and families.
(434) 361-4889 View (434) 361-4889
Photo of Nicole Dovel, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Nicole Dovel
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Online Only
It has been my honor to walk life's journey with others now for the last decade, and I strive to empower others to meet the goals they set for themselves within that life journey. I work to do all of this work from a culturally competent and inclusive place. I hope to create a space that is warm, authentic, transparent, and empowering and utilizes both applicable daily skill-building and resilience strategies as well as connects to deeper meaning and connection.
It has been my honor to walk life's journey with others now for the last decade, and I strive to empower others to meet the goals they set for themselves within that life journey. I work to do all of this work from a culturally competent and inclusive place. I hope to create a space that is warm, authentic, transparent, and empowering and utilizes both applicable daily skill-building and resilience strategies as well as connects to deeper meaning and connection.
(540) 274-5434 View (540) 274-5434
Photo of David Comer, Licensed Professional Counselor
David Comer
Licensed Professional Counselor
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Harrisonburg, VA 22801
Each of us is writing a story with our lives, and like any story we are incomplete without knowing our past and having an idea for our future. I believe counseling is a powerful support that can allow us to overcome hurdles, meet new goals, and live the life we want to live. I enjoy working with people who extend compassionate curiosity to themselves to better understand their life in every aspect.
Each of us is writing a story with our lives, and like any story we are incomplete without knowing our past and having an idea for our future. I believe counseling is a powerful support that can allow us to overcome hurdles, meet new goals, and live the life we want to live. I enjoy working with people who extend compassionate curiosity to themselves to better understand their life in every aspect.
(540) 495-1813 View (540) 495-1813
Photo of Christin Long - Pathways to Wellness Counseling , Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Pathways to Wellness Counseling
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Serves Area
NOW ACCEPTING NEW CLIENTS!!! Do you feel like you have tried everything and it still isn't working? Are you tired of existing in life and not fully living life? Do you feel stuck, depressed, or anxious? I provide a safe, non-judgmental atmosphere so you can feel free to express your needs and work together on a plan that best fits your needs. I have worked in emergency crisis services, crisis management services, and trauma for years and this has brought with it the experience to be able to quickly meet and address your immediate needs and then work toward addressing the long-term needs.
NOW ACCEPTING NEW CLIENTS!!! Do you feel like you have tried everything and it still isn't working? Are you tired of existing in life and not fully living life? Do you feel stuck, depressed, or anxious? I provide a safe, non-judgmental atmosphere so you can feel free to express your needs and work together on a plan that best fits your needs. I have worked in emergency crisis services, crisis management services, and trauma for years and this has brought with it the experience to be able to quickly meet and address your immediate needs and then work toward addressing the long-term needs.
(276) 597-4092 View (276) 597-4092
Photo of Keri Scribner, Licensed Professional Counselor
Keri Scribner
Licensed Professional Counselor
Verified Verified
Online Only
Hello there! My name is Keri Scribner. I obtained my Master's of the Arts Degree in Community Counseling from Argosy University, and became a Licensed Professional Counselor in Virginia in 2016. I am also a Virginia Board Approved Clinical Supervisor, and offer Licensed Residents in Counseling in Virginia individual clinical supervision hours toward licensure. I have extensive experience working in a private practice setting, and with providing intensive in-home and mental health support services for
Hello there! My name is Keri Scribner. I obtained my Master's of the Arts Degree in Community Counseling from Argosy University, and became a Licensed Professional Counselor in Virginia in 2016. I am also a Virginia Board Approved Clinical Supervisor, and offer Licensed Residents in Counseling in Virginia individual clinical supervision hours toward licensure. I have extensive experience working in a private practice setting, and with providing intensive in-home and mental health support services for
(757) 600-6515 View (757) 600-6515
Photo of Amanda B. Barnes, Counselor, MA, LPC
Amanda B. Barnes
Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Charlottesville, VA 22903
I enjoy helping people find balance and discover/rediscover their inner strength while navigating through the challenging times and transitions in life. Life is full of surprises; while some are amazing, others can be devastating. Big life changes, such as moving away from home to go to college or for a job, having a baby, or getting divorced/breaking up, can leave you feeling overwhelmed and uncertain. It's normal to have feelings of anxiety and/or depression, especially during change & trying times, but it's also important to get the support you need to get through the difficult times & get back on track with the help of therapy.
I enjoy helping people find balance and discover/rediscover their inner strength while navigating through the challenging times and transitions in life. Life is full of surprises; while some are amazing, others can be devastating. Big life changes, such as moving away from home to go to college or for a job, having a baby, or getting divorced/breaking up, can leave you feeling overwhelmed and uncertain. It's normal to have feelings of anxiety and/or depression, especially during change & trying times, but it's also important to get the support you need to get through the difficult times & get back on track with the help of therapy.
(434) 608-5773 View (434) 608-5773
Photo of Anna Cameron, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Anna Cameron
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Charlottesville, VA 22903
With over 17 years of clinical social work under her belt, Anna is adept at tackling a range of issues including abuse, neglect, trauma, grief, terminal illness, chronic mental illness, family dynamics, medical conditions, and mood disorders. Her expertise shines in treating anxiety and panic disorder in both adolescents and adults. Anna's extensive background encompasses guiding individuals through grief and loss, managing chronic medical conditions, and supporting those facing terminal illness. She's passionate about aiding adults in overcoming anxiety & mood disorders, addressing women's issues, and serving the LGBTQI community.
With over 17 years of clinical social work under her belt, Anna is adept at tackling a range of issues including abuse, neglect, trauma, grief, terminal illness, chronic mental illness, family dynamics, medical conditions, and mood disorders. Her expertise shines in treating anxiety and panic disorder in both adolescents and adults. Anna's extensive background encompasses guiding individuals through grief and loss, managing chronic medical conditions, and supporting those facing terminal illness. She's passionate about aiding adults in overcoming anxiety & mood disorders, addressing women's issues, and serving the LGBTQI community.
(703) 686-5065 View (703) 686-5065
Photo of Kelli Robertson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Kelli Robertson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Charlottesville, VA 22901
Not accepting new clients
I work with adults coping with anxiety, panic attacks, depression, trauma, substance use issues, and/or complex family systems and stressors. I often work with adults whose anxiety and worry in the present is rooted in well-practiced coping strategies to get through difficult early life experiences or family dynamics. My clients are often high-achievers (many times perfectionists) who are highly skilled at taking care of everyone and everything but themselves and struggle in private. They often appear to "have it all together" while facing a harsh inner critic day in and out.
I work with adults coping with anxiety, panic attacks, depression, trauma, substance use issues, and/or complex family systems and stressors. I often work with adults whose anxiety and worry in the present is rooted in well-practiced coping strategies to get through difficult early life experiences or family dynamics. My clients are often high-achievers (many times perfectionists) who are highly skilled at taking care of everyone and everything but themselves and struggle in private. They often appear to "have it all together" while facing a harsh inner critic day in and out.
(434) 362-4999 View (434) 362-4999
Photo of Sarah Cooper, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, SEP
Sarah Cooper
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, SEP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Is the stress of life catching up with you? Are you an overthinker or have a loud inner critic that overwhelms you? Are you experiencing pain that isn't easily explained or you've been told it is "in your head?" Through the connection we build, I will give you support and strength to navigate these challenges. I will help you slow down and build trust in yourself. I particularly work well with people experiencing anxiety, women in perimenopause experiencing life transitions, and young adults who are just starting out and individuating from their family.
Is the stress of life catching up with you? Are you an overthinker or have a loud inner critic that overwhelms you? Are you experiencing pain that isn't easily explained or you've been told it is "in your head?" Through the connection we build, I will give you support and strength to navigate these challenges. I will help you slow down and build trust in yourself. I particularly work well with people experiencing anxiety, women in perimenopause experiencing life transitions, and young adults who are just starting out and individuating from their family.
(434) 830-8062 View (434) 830-8062
Photo of Melissa L Fisher, Resident in Counseling
Melissa L Fisher
Resident in Counseling
Not Verified Not Verified
Harrisonburg, VA 22801
Currently full but please contact me to join my waiting list. As a counselor, I take an Interpersonal Process approach to therapy, wherein the client/counselor relationship can serve as a springboard for personal transformation in daily life. Together we will consider your unique journey including relationships, identity, and culture to build a layered picture of who you are as an individual, and within the world around you. When relevant, we will consider significant traumatic experiences you may have gone through, as well as childhood and adult attachment patterns and how those play out in your relationships today.
Currently full but please contact me to join my waiting list. As a counselor, I take an Interpersonal Process approach to therapy, wherein the client/counselor relationship can serve as a springboard for personal transformation in daily life. Together we will consider your unique journey including relationships, identity, and culture to build a layered picture of who you are as an individual, and within the world around you. When relevant, we will consider significant traumatic experiences you may have gone through, as well as childhood and adult attachment patterns and how those play out in your relationships today.
(540) 858-1501 x22 View (540) 858-1501 x22
Photo of Carolyn Strack, Psychologist, PhD
Carolyn Strack
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Harrisonburg, VA 22801
Hello! I am accepting new clients. We all experience the twists and turns of life, and sometimes it can be overwhelming. If you're struggling with anxiety or depression; experiencing relationship problems; exploring your identity and finding your authentic self; adjusting to a life change; or navigating life after a loss, you don't have to do it alone. I create a safe, supportive, and non-judgmental environment to work through your difficulties and move toward greater well-being.
Hello! I am accepting new clients. We all experience the twists and turns of life, and sometimes it can be overwhelming. If you're struggling with anxiety or depression; experiencing relationship problems; exploring your identity and finding your authentic self; adjusting to a life change; or navigating life after a loss, you don't have to do it alone. I create a safe, supportive, and non-judgmental environment to work through your difficulties and move toward greater well-being.
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Photo of Jacob Sitton, Pre-Licensed Professional
Jacob Sitton
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
Harrisonburg, VA 22801
I, Jacob Sitton, am a Resident in Counseling who has experience working with adults of all age groups in individual, couple, and group contexts. I have worked with clients experiencing a variety of issues and conditions, and I most consistently find myself counseling individuals struggling with chronic anxiety, depression and suicidality, low self-esteem, grief, and relational difficulty. I have had the privilege of working with clients who are overcoming trauma, battling addiction, or living with borderline personality disorder. I completed my master's degree in Clinical Mental Health Counseling at Liberty University.
I, Jacob Sitton, am a Resident in Counseling who has experience working with adults of all age groups in individual, couple, and group contexts. I have worked with clients experiencing a variety of issues and conditions, and I most consistently find myself counseling individuals struggling with chronic anxiety, depression and suicidality, low self-esteem, grief, and relational difficulty. I have had the privilege of working with clients who are overcoming trauma, battling addiction, or living with borderline personality disorder. I completed my master's degree in Clinical Mental Health Counseling at Liberty University.
(434) 595-4490 View (434) 595-4490
Photo of Robin Russell, Licensed Professional Counselor
Robin Russell
Licensed Professional Counselor
Verified Verified
Online Only
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor and Certified Substance Abuse Counselor with 20 years of experience in the fields of Mental Health and Substance Abuse. I received my Master's of Science in Rehabilitation Counseling in 2002 and have worked with children, adolescents, families, and adults in various settings throughout my career. I have provided intensive in-home counseling to children and families, clinical case management and counseling to adults struggling with addiction, and outpatient therapy to homeless veterans with a local non-profit.
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor and Certified Substance Abuse Counselor with 20 years of experience in the fields of Mental Health and Substance Abuse. I received my Master's of Science in Rehabilitation Counseling in 2002 and have worked with children, adolescents, families, and adults in various settings throughout my career. I have provided intensive in-home counseling to children and families, clinical case management and counseling to adults struggling with addiction, and outpatient therapy to homeless veterans with a local non-profit.
(540) 679-7437 View (540) 679-7437
Photo of Mike Pease, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Mike Pease
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Charlottesville, VA 22903
Waitlist for new clients
Therapy often focuses on life’s biggest challenges and difficult emotions, but that doesn’t mean therapy has to be a distressing experience. I work with adolescents and adults who are experiencing depression, anxiety, adjusting to life changes, addiction, and PTSD. I specialize in treating trauma and utilize Cognitive Processing Therapy to guide individuals through reprocessing what they have experienced in order to cultivate healing and growth from their traumas. I have helped survivors of a wide variety of traumatic events including but not limited to; sexual assault, childhood abuse, combat related trauma, and domestic violence.
Therapy often focuses on life’s biggest challenges and difficult emotions, but that doesn’t mean therapy has to be a distressing experience. I work with adolescents and adults who are experiencing depression, anxiety, adjusting to life changes, addiction, and PTSD. I specialize in treating trauma and utilize Cognitive Processing Therapy to guide individuals through reprocessing what they have experienced in order to cultivate healing and growth from their traumas. I have helped survivors of a wide variety of traumatic events including but not limited to; sexual assault, childhood abuse, combat related trauma, and domestic violence.
(804) 806-5066 View (804) 806-5066
Photo of Mark Glasgow Johnson - Mark Glasgow Johnson, MFT, PC, Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT, PC
Mark Glasgow Johnson, MFT, PC
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT, PC
Verified Verified
Serves Area
As a Contemplative Psychotherapist and Coach, I offer my clients a unique blend of professional and spiritual experience. For 34 years I have been counseling individuals and families. My work is enriched by over four decades of engagement in Buddhist philosophy and practice. This background offers expertise in helping individuals and couples find authentic love, and parents more mindful and ethical parenting. I also coach many clients on how to use their wisdom and kindness to reach more 'enlightened' functioning. I do accept a limited number of insurance clients.
As a Contemplative Psychotherapist and Coach, I offer my clients a unique blend of professional and spiritual experience. For 34 years I have been counseling individuals and families. My work is enriched by over four decades of engagement in Buddhist philosophy and practice. This background offers expertise in helping individuals and couples find authentic love, and parents more mindful and ethical parenting. I also coach many clients on how to use their wisdom and kindness to reach more 'enlightened' functioning. I do accept a limited number of insurance clients.
(434) 208-1688 View (434) 208-1688
Photo of Denise Simpson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Denise Simpson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Charlottesville, VA 22903
My goal is to help you to identify the issue, process how it may be hindering you and map out a plan for how you can move forward with a "new mind, so you can enjoy a full life." I work best with the individual that is ready to say "I am vulnerable, but I am ready to do the work so I can live my best life." This may be a child or teenager struggling with depression, anxiety, or self-harm or the single mother trying to keep it together, the women who just got divorced and is to move forward, the African American male/female that simply feels misunderstood, the person of faith that's struggling, or one who has challenges within.
My goal is to help you to identify the issue, process how it may be hindering you and map out a plan for how you can move forward with a "new mind, so you can enjoy a full life." I work best with the individual that is ready to say "I am vulnerable, but I am ready to do the work so I can live my best life." This may be a child or teenager struggling with depression, anxiety, or self-harm or the single mother trying to keep it together, the women who just got divorced and is to move forward, the African American male/female that simply feels misunderstood, the person of faith that's struggling, or one who has challenges within.
(571) 540-8202 View (571) 540-8202

See more therapy options for 22841

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 22841

< 10

Therapists in 22841 who prioritize treating:

100% Depression
100% Anxiety
100% Child
100% Life Coaching
100% Cancer
100% Women's Issues
100% Stress

Average years in practice

13 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

100% Hawaii Medical Services Association
100% Hawaii Medical Assurance Association
100% University Health Alliance

How Therapists in 22841 see their clients

50% In Person and Online
50% Online Only

Gender breakdown

100% Female
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 22841?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.