Therapists in 22482

Photo of Janine Snader, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Janine Snader
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
1 Endorsed
Kilmarnock, VA 22482
There are times in all our lives when we need help getting through stressful situations, life adjustments, or managing ongoing mental health symptoms. It can be hard to make the decision to reach out. I am here to help. Experience has shown me that we all have strengths to build on and the inner wisdom to make things better. We often just need a guide to help us get back on track. I work with clients with emotional and behavioral struggles, including anxiety, anger and depression. I work with individuals and include family members to improve quality of life.
There are times in all our lives when we need help getting through stressful situations, life adjustments, or managing ongoing mental health symptoms. It can be hard to make the decision to reach out. I am here to help. Experience has shown me that we all have strengths to build on and the inner wisdom to make things better. We often just need a guide to help us get back on track. I work with clients with emotional and behavioral struggles, including anxiety, anger and depression. I work with individuals and include family members to improve quality of life.
(804) 597-2002 View (804) 597-2002
Photo of Monica Durrette, Psychologist, PhD, LCP
Monica Durrette
Psychologist, PhD, LCP
Serves Area
Whether you find yourself struggling to cope with the sudden demands of major life changes or challenges related to chronic mental health issues, making the decision to seek help can be difficult and confusing. I have a small, private practice where I provide counseling and assessment services to individuals presenting with a range of concerns including depression, anxiety, and PTSD, as well as emotional challenges related to serious illness, grief following the death of a loved one, or divorce.
Whether you find yourself struggling to cope with the sudden demands of major life changes or challenges related to chronic mental health issues, making the decision to seek help can be difficult and confusing. I have a small, private practice where I provide counseling and assessment services to individuals presenting with a range of concerns including depression, anxiety, and PTSD, as well as emotional challenges related to serious illness, grief following the death of a loved one, or divorce.
(804) 375-4743 View (804) 375-4743
Photo of Robert Scott Barker - R Scott Barker Counseling, Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
R Scott Barker Counseling
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Serves Area
I am a versatile Therapist interested in supporting adults, parents, couples, children and families.
I am a versatile Therapist interested in supporting adults, parents, couples, children and families.
(804) 587-8572 View (804) 587-8572
Photo of Amy Forsberg, Supervisee in Clinical Social Work, MSW
Amy Forsberg
Supervisee in Clinical Social Work, MSW
2 Endorsed
Online Only
I believe that true healing begins with connection. I provide a supportive, non-judgmental space where individuals and families-whether working together or separately-can feel heard, understood, and empowered. My goal is to help clients move forward in their lives with warmth, compassion, and hope. I work with clients facing life’s most challenging moments, including depression, anxiety, complex grief, trauma, relationship concerns, life transitions, and perinatal and postpartum mental health struggles. I am dedicated to helping people not only navigate these difficulties but also build resilience and rediscover joy.
I believe that true healing begins with connection. I provide a supportive, non-judgmental space where individuals and families-whether working together or separately-can feel heard, understood, and empowered. My goal is to help clients move forward in their lives with warmth, compassion, and hope. I work with clients facing life’s most challenging moments, including depression, anxiety, complex grief, trauma, relationship concerns, life transitions, and perinatal and postpartum mental health struggles. I am dedicated to helping people not only navigate these difficulties but also build resilience and rediscover joy.
(804) 492-7899 View (804) 492-7899

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Rev. Brooke Lee, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, SCPE, MDiv, LCSW
Rev. Brooke Lee
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, SCPE, MDiv, LCSW
1 Endorsed
Lancaster, VA 22503
I believe in integrating mental health and spirituality, whether clients are believers in a higher power or exploring their paths. By incorporating practices like mindfulness and prayer, alongside practical problem-solving skills, I aim to create a holistic and supportive environment for growth. Cultural influences play a significant role in my practice, and I strive to ensure that my work is relevant and respectful to each individual’s background. My goal is to empower clients to achieve a balanced, fulfilling life. Let’s work together to discover your path to thriving!
I believe in integrating mental health and spirituality, whether clients are believers in a higher power or exploring their paths. By incorporating practices like mindfulness and prayer, alongside practical problem-solving skills, I aim to create a holistic and supportive environment for growth. Cultural influences play a significant role in my practice, and I strive to ensure that my work is relevant and respectful to each individual’s background. My goal is to empower clients to achieve a balanced, fulfilling life. Let’s work together to discover your path to thriving!
(804) 207-5403 View (804) 207-5403
Photo of Dawn White, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, EMDR
Dawn White
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, EMDR
8 Endorsed
Serves Area
My approach to therapy is person-centered, trauma-informed, and grounded in reality-based, trauma narrative, childhood exploration, solution-focused, and cognitive behavioral techniques. I offer a direct yet compassionate space to explore your experiences, heal from trauma, and reconnect with your inner strength and sense of self. I believe healing happens through authentic connection and walk beside you with honesty, empathy, and respect as you process trauma, explore identity, and build resilience in an ever-changing world.
My approach to therapy is person-centered, trauma-informed, and grounded in reality-based, trauma narrative, childhood exploration, solution-focused, and cognitive behavioral techniques. I offer a direct yet compassionate space to explore your experiences, heal from trauma, and reconnect with your inner strength and sense of self. I believe healing happens through authentic connection and walk beside you with honesty, empathy, and respect as you process trauma, explore identity, and build resilience in an ever-changing world.
(757) 993-4465 View (757) 993-4465
Photo of Sarah Citrin, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-C
Sarah Citrin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-C
4 Endorsed
Serves Area
Online booking available through Headway! You deserve to live a life that is positive and fulfilling; a life that leaves you feeling excited to wake up each morning and embrace the day’s potential. Finding that “spark” in life can sometimes feel like a struggle. Perhaps you feel anxious and overwhelmed, or find yourself generally losing pleasure in things you once enjoyed. Many of us experience these feelings, but you don’t need to continue struggling alone. I believe that collaboration is key; together we can address your personal experience, learn to navigate life’s challenges, and help you get back to living your best life.
Online booking available through Headway! You deserve to live a life that is positive and fulfilling; a life that leaves you feeling excited to wake up each morning and embrace the day’s potential. Finding that “spark” in life can sometimes feel like a struggle. Perhaps you feel anxious and overwhelmed, or find yourself generally losing pleasure in things you once enjoyed. Many of us experience these feelings, but you don’t need to continue struggling alone. I believe that collaboration is key; together we can address your personal experience, learn to navigate life’s challenges, and help you get back to living your best life.
(410) 883-7427 View (410) 883-7427
Photo of Kathy Locke, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Kathy Locke
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Serves Area
When individuals, couples, or families reach out to get help in order to face life's challenges, or to find meaning in their lives--I know that the healing journey has begun. I respect and admire the courage that it takes to make that first call and to admit to another human being that one is hurting and needs help. Or, maybe, to admit that one just needs to get another perspective on a difficult problem. As a therapist, I am committed to all who embark on the therapeutic journey of healing.
When individuals, couples, or families reach out to get help in order to face life's challenges, or to find meaning in their lives--I know that the healing journey has begun. I respect and admire the courage that it takes to make that first call and to admit to another human being that one is hurting and needs help. Or, maybe, to admit that one just needs to get another perspective on a difficult problem. As a therapist, I am committed to all who embark on the therapeutic journey of healing.
(804) 265-4636 View (804) 265-4636
Photo of Shante Toliver - Rivers Bend Clinicals, LLC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Rivers Bend Clinicals, LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor
Serves Area
Our clients require training and education on ways to improving coping mechanisms when living with a mental health illness/diagnosis. We train, monitor, and educate clients on skills development for living independently. We teach clients about their psychotropic medication and ensure medication management. We connect and educate clients to and about community resources. We also demonstrate, train, and model self-advocacy skills to our clients. Our clients may have treatment history that includes substance abuse or doctor's recommendation.
Our clients require training and education on ways to improving coping mechanisms when living with a mental health illness/diagnosis. We train, monitor, and educate clients on skills development for living independently. We teach clients about their psychotropic medication and ensure medication management. We connect and educate clients to and about community resources. We also demonstrate, train, and model self-advocacy skills to our clients. Our clients may have treatment history that includes substance abuse or doctor's recommendation.
(804) 294-3695 View (804) 294-3695
Photo of D. Cochran - Virginia Therapy & Forensic Services, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CSAC
Virginia Therapy & Forensic Services
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CSAC
Cobbs Creek, VA 23035
Welcome to VTFS. Currently, we are offering individual, family, and group therapy. We also offer clinical supervision for social workers, consultation for various subject matter, and juvenile competency evaluations. It has been rewarding to start a private practice; where we strive to help address issues and everyday struggles people may have. Clients who want to seek therapy services with the practice; want to seek services were therapists are personable, competent, and passionate about helping individuals and families.
Welcome to VTFS. Currently, we are offering individual, family, and group therapy. We also offer clinical supervision for social workers, consultation for various subject matter, and juvenile competency evaluations. It has been rewarding to start a private practice; where we strive to help address issues and everyday struggles people may have. Clients who want to seek therapy services with the practice; want to seek services were therapists are personable, competent, and passionate about helping individuals and families.
(804) 361-8470 View (804) 361-8470
Photo of Angie E Dunston - One Accord Counseling, LLC, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
One Accord Counseling, LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Hayes, VA 23072
Struggling with relationships and internal turmoil can be a challenge. Developing skills and tools to combat this issues can be empowering and liberating! Becoming the best version of yourself is possible. Reaching and obtaining goals is possible. Living the life you have imagined is possible. Working through your challenges and struggles and not having them keep you stuck is possible! Deciding to make yourself important and worthy and loved is possible! Communication, acceptance and growth are within your reach… all you have to do is want it and reach out and together we can make changes.
Struggling with relationships and internal turmoil can be a challenge. Developing skills and tools to combat this issues can be empowering and liberating! Becoming the best version of yourself is possible. Reaching and obtaining goals is possible. Living the life you have imagined is possible. Working through your challenges and struggles and not having them keep you stuck is possible! Deciding to make yourself important and worthy and loved is possible! Communication, acceptance and growth are within your reach… all you have to do is want it and reach out and together we can make changes.
(804) 567-7614 View (804) 567-7614
Photo of Sara Hallberg, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, CSOTP
Sara Hallberg
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, CSOTP
1 Endorsed
Mathews, VA 23109
Are you hoping to overcome the effects of trauma? Maybe you’ve tried “trauma-informed” approaches that didn’t bring the relief you hoped for. Don’t give up—healing is possible, and finding the right trauma specialist can make all the difference. I've completed thousands of hours of training and clinical work, all focused on the best practices for treating stress and anxiety disorders. My specialties include C-PTSD, substance use, personality disorders, dissociation, chronic pain, and chronic illness. I understand how deeply stress and trauma affect the mind, body, and spirit.
Are you hoping to overcome the effects of trauma? Maybe you’ve tried “trauma-informed” approaches that didn’t bring the relief you hoped for. Don’t give up—healing is possible, and finding the right trauma specialist can make all the difference. I've completed thousands of hours of training and clinical work, all focused on the best practices for treating stress and anxiety disorders. My specialties include C-PTSD, substance use, personality disorders, dissociation, chronic pain, and chronic illness. I understand how deeply stress and trauma affect the mind, body, and spirit.
(804) 570-1606 View (804) 570-1606
Photo of Lauren McKown, Pre-Licensed Professional, MSW
Lauren McKown
Pre-Licensed Professional, MSW
2 Endorsed
Tappahannock, VA 22560
I approach every client as a unique individual with openness and empathy. I believe all struggles deserve to be seen and heard in a safe place. I pride myself on using a client-centered, strengths-based approach to help clients heal from a variety of stressors like trauma, depression, grief, and relationship concerns. In addition to traditional therapeutic modalities, I have experience working with TF- CBT (Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy),Brainspotting Certified and EMDR trained. I am open and willing to offer assistance and guidance on your healing journey.
I approach every client as a unique individual with openness and empathy. I believe all struggles deserve to be seen and heard in a safe place. I pride myself on using a client-centered, strengths-based approach to help clients heal from a variety of stressors like trauma, depression, grief, and relationship concerns. In addition to traditional therapeutic modalities, I have experience working with TF- CBT (Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy),Brainspotting Certified and EMDR trained. I am open and willing to offer assistance and guidance on your healing journey.
(757) 603-3774 View (757) 603-3774
Photo of Joshua Hartle - Light Counseling, Licensed Professional Counselor
Light Counseling
Licensed Professional Counselor
Serves Area
At Light Counseling, our team of professionally trained and compassionate clinicians are here to help you overcome life’s challenges with evidence-based practices and a distinctly Christian approach. Our professionals specialize in helping with many of the following issues: ADD/ADHD, Adolescence Adjustments, Alcohol Abuse and Addictions, Anger Management, Anxiety, Attachment Disorders, Child Abuse/Victim Support, Childhood Behavioral Problems, Compulsions, Depression, Drug Abuse and Addiction, Family Issues, Grief and Loss, Infidelity, Marital Stress, Men’s Issues, Obsession, Panic Attacks, Parenting and Step-Parenting Concerns, Phobias, Pornography, Post Traumatic Stress Issues, and more.
At Light Counseling, our team of professionally trained and compassionate clinicians are here to help you overcome life’s challenges with evidence-based practices and a distinctly Christian approach. Our professionals specialize in helping with many of the following issues: ADD/ADHD, Adolescence Adjustments, Alcohol Abuse and Addictions, Anger Management, Anxiety, Attachment Disorders, Child Abuse/Victim Support, Childhood Behavioral Problems, Compulsions, Depression, Drug Abuse and Addiction, Family Issues, Grief and Loss, Infidelity, Marital Stress, Men’s Issues, Obsession, Panic Attacks, Parenting and Step-Parenting Concerns, Phobias, Pornography, Post Traumatic Stress Issues, and more.
(888) 808-6050 View (888) 808-6050
Photo of Lindsey Kirchmier, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Lindsey Kirchmier
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Throughout our lives, we endure and overcome many obstacles. Each one provides growth opportunities, yet some leave us feeling broken, trying to put the pieces back together. Trauma has a profound effect on our internal system, impacting how we view and interact with the world. It may manifest in relational struggles, addiction, avoidant/risky behaviors, and various forms of self-sabotage, all hijacking our ability to live a self-actualized life. No matter the root of your trauma – developmental, single/multiple event trauma, or a mixture of all, healing is possible.
Throughout our lives, we endure and overcome many obstacles. Each one provides growth opportunities, yet some leave us feeling broken, trying to put the pieces back together. Trauma has a profound effect on our internal system, impacting how we view and interact with the world. It may manifest in relational struggles, addiction, avoidant/risky behaviors, and various forms of self-sabotage, all hijacking our ability to live a self-actualized life. No matter the root of your trauma – developmental, single/multiple event trauma, or a mixture of all, healing is possible.
(804) 632-8109 View (804) 632-8109
Photo of Maryam Tehrani, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, MFT
Maryam Tehrani
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, MFT
6 Endorsed
Serves Area
My expertise is in high conflict relationships and emotional abuse. I know life's challenges can be overwhelming and adjusting to change isn'.t easy. With 20 years of clinical experience, I use clinical principles and innovative methods to best support my clients. I draw upon a deep understanding of culture, age, gender, race, class, family structure, and the type of (or the lack of) a support system can have on most all situations. Known for being down to earth, I provide a totally non-judgmental, safe, and confidential space to help with long term struggles or an immediate crisis.
My expertise is in high conflict relationships and emotional abuse. I know life's challenges can be overwhelming and adjusting to change isn'.t easy. With 20 years of clinical experience, I use clinical principles and innovative methods to best support my clients. I draw upon a deep understanding of culture, age, gender, race, class, family structure, and the type of (or the lack of) a support system can have on most all situations. Known for being down to earth, I provide a totally non-judgmental, safe, and confidential space to help with long term struggles or an immediate crisis.
(757) 654-5803 View (757) 654-5803
Photo of Carolyn S South, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LMFT
Carolyn S South
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LMFT
Gloucester, VA 23061
My name is Carolyn South, I have been a counselor for over 41 years and enjoy all ages from 3 and above. I offer individual or family counseling. I have licenses in professional counseling and marriage and family therapy.
My name is Carolyn South, I have been a counselor for over 41 years and enjoy all ages from 3 and above. I offer individual or family counseling. I have licenses in professional counseling and marriage and family therapy.
(804) 352-1328 View (804) 352-1328
Photo of Grace Delk Shortt, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, ACSW
Grace Delk Shortt
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, ACSW
Serves Area
TELEHEALTH IS AVAILABLE USING A HIPAA COMPLIANT PLATFORM. CURRENTLY ACCEPTING NEW CLIENTS. We all face challenges from time to time in our lives where we may feel alone, confused, and hurting. Realizing that we don’t have to go it alone can be the first step in seeking support. Reaching out for help and sharing your story may not be comfortable, but that is the best place to start. Caring for yourself and your loved ones is an important step in your journey toward deeper understanding of yourself and healing. My passion is meeting people where they are along their individual journey and strive to create an inviting and safe place.
TELEHEALTH IS AVAILABLE USING A HIPAA COMPLIANT PLATFORM. CURRENTLY ACCEPTING NEW CLIENTS. We all face challenges from time to time in our lives where we may feel alone, confused, and hurting. Realizing that we don’t have to go it alone can be the first step in seeking support. Reaching out for help and sharing your story may not be comfortable, but that is the best place to start. Caring for yourself and your loved ones is an important step in your journey toward deeper understanding of yourself and healing. My passion is meeting people where they are along their individual journey and strive to create an inviting and safe place.
(757) 210-7510 View (757) 210-7510
Photo of Candace Benn, Resident in Counseling, Ed D, RYT, CIMHP, TCYM
Candace Benn
Resident in Counseling, Ed D, RYT, CIMHP, TCYM
Cobbs Creek, VA 23035
Does your child feel things deeply - easily overwhelmed by noise, change, or other people’s emotions? Are they bright, thoughtful, and creative, but often anxious, shut down, or “in their head”? I specialize in working with highly sensitive and neurodivergent children who need support regulating big emotions, managing overwhelm, and feeling safe in their bodies. My approach is gentle, holistic, and grounded in Polyvagal Theory, Internal Family Systems (IFS), and mindfulness-based somatic practices.
Does your child feel things deeply - easily overwhelmed by noise, change, or other people’s emotions? Are they bright, thoughtful, and creative, but often anxious, shut down, or “in their head”? I specialize in working with highly sensitive and neurodivergent children who need support regulating big emotions, managing overwhelm, and feeling safe in their bodies. My approach is gentle, holistic, and grounded in Polyvagal Theory, Internal Family Systems (IFS), and mindfulness-based somatic practices.
(804) 391-7258 View (804) 391-7258
Photo of Alicia Hardin Carter - Alicia Carter/Excel Intervention, Pre-Licensed Professional, EdD, LPC-R, MSPSY, MEd
Alicia Carter/Excel Intervention
Pre-Licensed Professional, EdD, LPC-R, MSPSY, MEd
Lancaster, VA 22503
Excel Intervention and Therapeutic Services offers a warm inviting atmosphere with Licensed Therapists, Residents in Counseling, Counseling Interns and QMHP’s. Alicia H. Carter is a Resident in Counseling with experience in child, adolescent and adult outpatient treatment. She completed her Master of Arts (MA) in Clinical Mental Health Counseling at Liberty University. Alicia utilizes relational, collaborative, cognitive behavioral, and person-centered approaches to build relationships and to meet the needs of each unique individual.
Excel Intervention and Therapeutic Services offers a warm inviting atmosphere with Licensed Therapists, Residents in Counseling, Counseling Interns and QMHP’s. Alicia H. Carter is a Resident in Counseling with experience in child, adolescent and adult outpatient treatment. She completed her Master of Arts (MA) in Clinical Mental Health Counseling at Liberty University. Alicia utilizes relational, collaborative, cognitive behavioral, and person-centered approaches to build relationships and to meet the needs of each unique individual.
(804) 589-4491 View (804) 589-4491

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 22482

< 10

Therapists in 22482 who prioritize treating:

80% Relationship Issues
80% Depression
80% Anxiety
80% Grief
80% Anger Management
80% Coping Skills
80% Stress

Average years in practice

5 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

100% Medicaid
100% Sentara Health Plans
67% Aetna

How Therapists in 22482 see their clients

80% In Person and Online
20% Online Only

Gender breakdown

80% Female
20% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 22482?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.