Therapists in 22101

Photo of Ophelia Boadi - Thriveworks Counseling & Psychiatry McLean, Marriage & Family Therapist
Thriveworks Counseling & Psychiatry McLean
Marriage & Family Therapist
McLean, VA 22101
At Thriveworks, we're dedicated to providing top-tier mental health services that are easily accessible to everyone. With over 340 locations nationwide and flexible online therapy options, our professional therapists are equipped to assist you through any stress, life transitions, or ongoing mental health concerns. We prioritize your convenience and needs by offering flexible scheduling, including evening and weekend appointments, ensuring that you can start your therapy journey as early as this week. Plus, we accept most major insurance plans, making your path to mental health support smoother and more affordable.
At Thriveworks, we're dedicated to providing top-tier mental health services that are easily accessible to everyone. With over 340 locations nationwide and flexible online therapy options, our professional therapists are equipped to assist you through any stress, life transitions, or ongoing mental health concerns. We prioritize your convenience and needs by offering flexible scheduling, including evening and weekend appointments, ensuring that you can start your therapy journey as early as this week. Plus, we accept most major insurance plans, making your path to mental health support smoother and more affordable.
(855) 524-5193 View (855) 524-5193
Photo of Emily Christison Schmidt, Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Emily Christison Schmidt
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
1 Endorsed
McLean, VA 22101
Is your child struggling with anxiety or emotional regulation? Is your teenager having difficulty navigating the many challenges associated with growing up? Or are you an adult seeking help in processing life transitions, trauma, or just coping with everyday life? No matter what stage of life, counseling can be healing and empowering. These are just a few of the many challenges I strive to help individuals cope with.
Is your child struggling with anxiety or emotional regulation? Is your teenager having difficulty navigating the many challenges associated with growing up? Or are you an adult seeking help in processing life transitions, trauma, or just coping with everyday life? No matter what stage of life, counseling can be healing and empowering. These are just a few of the many challenges I strive to help individuals cope with.
(571) 202-6997 View (571) 202-6997
Photo of Leslie K Rogers, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Leslie K Rogers
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
McLean, VA 22101
We all have places where we struggle. We all have behaviors or emotions that limit us in living our most fulfilled and joyous life. Sometimes we need help making changes.
We all have places where we struggle. We all have behaviors or emotions that limit us in living our most fulfilled and joyous life. Sometimes we need help making changes.
(703) 372-9519 View (703) 372-9519
Photo of Toni Coleman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Toni Coleman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
McLean, VA 22101
In today’s fast-paced world, the pressure to "have it all" often takes a toll on our most intimate connections. Whether you are navigating workplace stress, the complexities of the dating scene, marital conflict, or loneliness/isolation, these can feel overwhelming. Or perhaps you are struggling with periods of anxiety or depression, believing that these are simply states you must accept as a permanent reality. My goal is to help you learn the tools and find the resources to bridge the gap between where you are and the fulfilling, balanced life you desire—moving you from feeling stuck to feeling empowered.
In today’s fast-paced world, the pressure to "have it all" often takes a toll on our most intimate connections. Whether you are navigating workplace stress, the complexities of the dating scene, marital conflict, or loneliness/isolation, these can feel overwhelming. Or perhaps you are struggling with periods of anxiety or depression, believing that these are simply states you must accept as a permanent reality. My goal is to help you learn the tools and find the resources to bridge the gap between where you are and the fulfilling, balanced life you desire—moving you from feeling stuck to feeling empowered.
(571) 546-3992 View (571) 546-3992
Photo of Tessie Schonder, Pre-Licensed Professional
Tessie Schonder
Pre-Licensed Professional
1 Endorsed
McLean, VA 22101
I am here to support you with empathy and non-judgmental listening. As a team, we will explore your emotions, identify behavior patterns, and chart a path towards growth and healing, all at a pace that feels right for you. If spirituality or religion is an important part of your life, I welcome the opportunity to integrate it into our work together.
I am here to support you with empathy and non-judgmental listening. As a team, we will explore your emotions, identify behavior patterns, and chart a path towards growth and healing, all at a pace that feels right for you. If spirituality or religion is an important part of your life, I welcome the opportunity to integrate it into our work together.
(571) 506-8149 View (571) 506-8149
Photo of Chelsea Gurney, MA, LPC
Chelsea Gurney
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
McLean, VA 22101
I specialize in providing trauma-informed care for teens and adults who are ready to heal from the past and build a more resilient future. With specialized training in EMDR therapy, I help clients process distressing life experiences and reduce the emotional charge of traumatic memories. My therapeutic style blends clinical precision with a warm, person-centered philosophy. I believe that therapy is a collaborative process where your unique story meets proven psychological techniques. Whether you are navigating a recent life transition or working through deep-seated trauma, I am dedicated to providing a high standard of care.
I specialize in providing trauma-informed care for teens and adults who are ready to heal from the past and build a more resilient future. With specialized training in EMDR therapy, I help clients process distressing life experiences and reduce the emotional charge of traumatic memories. My therapeutic style blends clinical precision with a warm, person-centered philosophy. I believe that therapy is a collaborative process where your unique story meets proven psychological techniques. Whether you are navigating a recent life transition or working through deep-seated trauma, I am dedicated to providing a high standard of care.
(571) 540-7025 View (571) 540-7025
Photo of Kris Lamb, Resident in Counseling, MA
Kris Lamb
Resident in Counseling, MA
1 Endorsed
McLean, VA 22101
Sometimes it is difficult to navigate life and the curve-balls that it throws at us! Having to get through the day and struggling with anxiety or feelings of depression are just a few. Maybe you endured a traumatic event and it's been causing you trauma and distress. Perhaps you have a child that has been diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) or Attention Deficit hypo/hyperactive Disorder? If so, your child may be having difficulty with paying attention, controlling emotions, communication or social interactions. I'd love to help build upon your strengths and help you further succeed in this world that we are navigating!
Sometimes it is difficult to navigate life and the curve-balls that it throws at us! Having to get through the day and struggling with anxiety or feelings of depression are just a few. Maybe you endured a traumatic event and it's been causing you trauma and distress. Perhaps you have a child that has been diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) or Attention Deficit hypo/hyperactive Disorder? If so, your child may be having difficulty with paying attention, controlling emotions, communication or social interactions. I'd love to help build upon your strengths and help you further succeed in this world that we are navigating!
(571) 568-8744 View (571) 568-8744
Photo of M Claire H Dutrow, Marriage & Family Therapist, LPC, LMFT, CSAC
M Claire H Dutrow
Marriage & Family Therapist, LPC, LMFT, CSAC
2 Endorsed
McLean, VA 22101
I offer a safe and welcoming environment, which I believe can happen as authentically online as in person. I help create a space where you can reflect on what brought you into therapy and develop a vision of hope for your future. I have worked in a variety of practice settings for over 20 years which enables me to tailor your specific treatment to the level of care you need. Ultimately, my goal is to help you develop a deeper sense of self-understanding and a greater capacity for self-compassion. By understanding the root causes of your challenges, we can work together to cultivate lasting change and growth.
I offer a safe and welcoming environment, which I believe can happen as authentically online as in person. I help create a space where you can reflect on what brought you into therapy and develop a vision of hope for your future. I have worked in a variety of practice settings for over 20 years which enables me to tailor your specific treatment to the level of care you need. Ultimately, my goal is to help you develop a deeper sense of self-understanding and a greater capacity for self-compassion. By understanding the root causes of your challenges, we can work together to cultivate lasting change and growth.
(571) 554-2608 View (571) 554-2608
Photo of Brian Jacobs, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LCPC
Brian Jacobs
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LCPC
3 Endorsed
McLean, VA 22101
My treatment approach combines the latest advances in Western neuroscience with evidence-based mindfulness practices rooted in Eastern philosophies. I primarily utilize two complementary modalities - Experiential Dynamic Therapy (EDT) and Internal Family Systems (IFS). These are evidenced based and trauma-informed treatments that aim to address the root causes of psychological suffering rather than simply addressing the outlying symptoms.
My treatment approach combines the latest advances in Western neuroscience with evidence-based mindfulness practices rooted in Eastern philosophies. I primarily utilize two complementary modalities - Experiential Dynamic Therapy (EDT) and Internal Family Systems (IFS). These are evidenced based and trauma-informed treatments that aim to address the root causes of psychological suffering rather than simply addressing the outlying symptoms.
(571) 451-0218 View (571) 451-0218
Photo of Sara Groark, Marriage & Family Therapist, LPC, LMFT, CSAC
Sara Groark
Marriage & Family Therapist, LPC, LMFT, CSAC
McLean, VA 22101
As a therapist with over 30 years of clinical experience, I create a safe, empathic environment for you, helping you to weather difficult life circumstances and to understand and cope with overwhelming feelings. My specialities are marital and family therapy, couples therapy, adolescent therapy, and addiction and substance abuse assessment. I also help families plan and coordinate substance abuse Interventions. The greatest solace for interpersonal turmoil often lies in having someone to listen carefully, thoughtfully and empathically and to collaborate in working toward positive change. This is my goal with all clients.
As a therapist with over 30 years of clinical experience, I create a safe, empathic environment for you, helping you to weather difficult life circumstances and to understand and cope with overwhelming feelings. My specialities are marital and family therapy, couples therapy, adolescent therapy, and addiction and substance abuse assessment. I also help families plan and coordinate substance abuse Interventions. The greatest solace for interpersonal turmoil often lies in having someone to listen carefully, thoughtfully and empathically and to collaborate in working toward positive change. This is my goal with all clients.
(703) 596-3891 View (703) 596-3891
Photo of Barbara Lavine - LifeStance Health - McLean, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
LifeStance Health - McLean
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
McLean, VA 22101
Making your first appointment can be one of the most challenging steps in your mental health journey. At LifeStance, we make it simple by offering both online and in-person therapy and psychiatry services, covered by major insurance plans.
Making your first appointment can be one of the most challenging steps in your mental health journey. At LifeStance, we make it simple by offering both online and in-person therapy and psychiatry services, covered by major insurance plans.
(571) 604-5189 View (571) 604-5189
Photo of Ashley O'Bryon, Pre-Licensed Professional, MSW
Ashley O'Bryon
Pre-Licensed Professional, MSW
5 Endorsed
McLean, VA 22101
I have always loved helping individuals understand feelings, behavior and the human mind. I want to help my clients understand the reason behind their "why" and provide a safe, non judgmental space for sustainable healing. I have 6 years of experience in the mental health space working with families and individuals needing residential,PHP, IOP level of care as well as inpatient experience working with teens and adults. I provide counseling for teens and adults with various presenting issues including ADHD, depression, anxiety, personality disorders, relationship/attachment issues, life transitions, self-esteem, and substance misuse.
I have always loved helping individuals understand feelings, behavior and the human mind. I want to help my clients understand the reason behind their "why" and provide a safe, non judgmental space for sustainable healing. I have 6 years of experience in the mental health space working with families and individuals needing residential,PHP, IOP level of care as well as inpatient experience working with teens and adults. I provide counseling for teens and adults with various presenting issues including ADHD, depression, anxiety, personality disorders, relationship/attachment issues, life transitions, self-esteem, and substance misuse.
(571) 497-5668 View (571) 497-5668
Photo of Alison Gardner, Psychologist, PsyD
Alison Gardner
Psychologist, PsyD
McLean, VA 22101
For the past 15 years, I have been committed to working with preschool and school-aged children and their families who are struggling with anxiety and other emotional and behavioral regulation difficulties. I also support children and families through the complicated emotions of divorce, adoption, and other losses as well as the stress and threats to self-esteem that can accompany learning challenges, ADHD and social difficulties. I partner comprehensively with children, parents, schools, and other involved professionals with the aim of building the strongest possible foundation from which children can grow and thrive.
For the past 15 years, I have been committed to working with preschool and school-aged children and their families who are struggling with anxiety and other emotional and behavioral regulation difficulties. I also support children and families through the complicated emotions of divorce, adoption, and other losses as well as the stress and threats to self-esteem that can accompany learning challenges, ADHD and social difficulties. I partner comprehensively with children, parents, schools, and other involved professionals with the aim of building the strongest possible foundation from which children can grow and thrive.
(703) 940-9708 View (703) 940-9708
Photo of Krista Hummer, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LMFT
Krista Hummer
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LMFT
McLean, VA 22101
Hello and welcome. Finding a therapist can be a daunting process as you search for a person who will meet you or your family's needs for counseling expertise. To aid with this, here is a mini bio of my practice and training. Please see my website, www.kristahummer.com for further information. I am a licensed marriage and family therapist that works with children, adults, families, and couples to aid in growth, healing, and life transitions.
Hello and welcome. Finding a therapist can be a daunting process as you search for a person who will meet you or your family's needs for counseling expertise. To aid with this, here is a mini bio of my practice and training. Please see my website, www.kristahummer.com for further information. I am a licensed marriage and family therapist that works with children, adults, families, and couples to aid in growth, healing, and life transitions.
(703) 468-8024 View (703) 468-8024
Photo of Sondra Wolff, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MSW
Sondra Wolff
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MSW
McLean, VA 22101
Finding a therapist who understands your unique experience is essential. My style is welcoming, empathic, goal-focused, and interactive. With a warm and supportive approach allowing clients to speak openly, we'll identify your challenges, develop personal goals, find methods to cope with overwhelming emotions, and define practical strategies to work through obstacles. My approach is to understand and tailor my practice to what works best for you. We are on this journey together, and I'm humbled by the people I work with and the trust they have placed in me.
Finding a therapist who understands your unique experience is essential. My style is welcoming, empathic, goal-focused, and interactive. With a warm and supportive approach allowing clients to speak openly, we'll identify your challenges, develop personal goals, find methods to cope with overwhelming emotions, and define practical strategies to work through obstacles. My approach is to understand and tailor my practice to what works best for you. We are on this journey together, and I'm humbled by the people I work with and the trust they have placed in me.
(703) 794-4514 View (703) 794-4514
Photo of Fereshteh Khodaei Shahrokhi, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Fereshteh Khodaei Shahrokhi
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
McLean, VA 22101
My name is Fereshteh Shahrokhi. Have worked decades as clinical & school social worker with K-12 students & families. Worked at day treatment, children & adolescents & juvenile delinquents residential placements with emotional & behavioral difficulties. In particular is skilled working with people with ADHD/Executive Function Deficits (EFD). Provided local, state, and national level presentations in ADHD/EFD, Depression Awareness & Prevention, Bullying & did Depression Screening. Also have been nominated as "The Social Worker of the Year" in 2011 by Fairfax County Association of School Social Workers, the second one ever nominated. Also worked with traumatized children & adolescents & sex offenders.
My name is Fereshteh Shahrokhi. Have worked decades as clinical & school social worker with K-12 students & families. Worked at day treatment, children & adolescents & juvenile delinquents residential placements with emotional & behavioral difficulties. In particular is skilled working with people with ADHD/Executive Function Deficits (EFD). Provided local, state, and national level presentations in ADHD/EFD, Depression Awareness & Prevention, Bullying & did Depression Screening. Also have been nominated as "The Social Worker of the Year" in 2011 by Fairfax County Association of School Social Workers, the second one ever nominated. Also worked with traumatized children & adolescents & sex offenders.
(703) 609-9387 View (703) 609-9387
Photo of Eric Propst, Psychologist, PsyD
Eric Propst
Psychologist, PsyD
McLean, VA 22101
I'm a clinical psychologist with over 30 years of experience helping adults remove the obstacles to achieving their life goals - self-attacks, passive behavior, negative assumptions, delaying difficult life decisions, and repetitive, destructive relationship patterns. Our work together is collaborative, respectful, and goal-focused. It is also, at times, challenging - as is often the case with growth and learning, but the end result is the joy of increased freedom. Therapy gives a unique opportunity to examine our emotional life and re-evaluate the beliefs and presuppositions that affect our perceptions of ourselves and others.
I'm a clinical psychologist with over 30 years of experience helping adults remove the obstacles to achieving their life goals - self-attacks, passive behavior, negative assumptions, delaying difficult life decisions, and repetitive, destructive relationship patterns. Our work together is collaborative, respectful, and goal-focused. It is also, at times, challenging - as is often the case with growth and learning, but the end result is the joy of increased freedom. Therapy gives a unique opportunity to examine our emotional life and re-evaluate the beliefs and presuppositions that affect our perceptions of ourselves and others.
(540) 308-9926 View (540) 308-9926
Photo of Ozge Gurel, Psychologist, PhD
Ozge Gurel
Psychologist, PhD
2 Endorsed
McLean, VA 22101
I am a psychologist specializing in treatment of OCD, anxiety, and depression, including symptoms during pregnancy and postpartum. I provide cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) and use exposure with response prevention (ERP) and mindfulness practices for treatment of OCD, panic disorders, specific phobias, social anxiety, generalized anxiety, depression, trichotillomania, body dysmorphic disorder, and sleep problems. I provide a CBT for Insomnia program (4 to 8 sessions) shown to have effective and lasting outcomes. Research indicates that the resolution of sleep problems reduces the severity of symptoms associated with anxiety.
I am a psychologist specializing in treatment of OCD, anxiety, and depression, including symptoms during pregnancy and postpartum. I provide cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) and use exposure with response prevention (ERP) and mindfulness practices for treatment of OCD, panic disorders, specific phobias, social anxiety, generalized anxiety, depression, trichotillomania, body dysmorphic disorder, and sleep problems. I provide a CBT for Insomnia program (4 to 8 sessions) shown to have effective and lasting outcomes. Research indicates that the resolution of sleep problems reduces the severity of symptoms associated with anxiety.
(301) 850-6190 View (301) 850-6190
Photo of Risa E Sanders, Psychologist, PhD
Risa E Sanders
Psychologist, PhD
McLean, VA 22101
Does worry interfere with your quality of life? Are habits or certain behaviors troubling you? Are important relationships unsatisfying? Are you feeling more anger, stress, or sadness? i can help. As a Licensed Clinical Psychologist since 1984, I have extensive experience, and adhere to the highest professional and ethical standards. I welcome your call for an initial 10-15 minute chat to discuss your concerns. I specialize in stress and anxiety management, phobias( including emetophobia and illness phobias), OCD, fear of public speaking, school concerns, habit control, relationships, communication and social skills training, anger management, ADD/ADHD, parent training, procrastination, performance improvement, LGBT, and diabetes
Does worry interfere with your quality of life? Are habits or certain behaviors troubling you? Are important relationships unsatisfying? Are you feeling more anger, stress, or sadness? i can help. As a Licensed Clinical Psychologist since 1984, I have extensive experience, and adhere to the highest professional and ethical standards. I welcome your call for an initial 10-15 minute chat to discuss your concerns. I specialize in stress and anxiety management, phobias( including emetophobia and illness phobias), OCD, fear of public speaking, school concerns, habit control, relationships, communication and social skills training, anger management, ADD/ADHD, parent training, procrastination, performance improvement, LGBT, and diabetes
(703) 596-3664 View (703) 596-3664
Photo of Katie Clark, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, RPT-S, NCC
Katie Clark
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, RPT-S, NCC
14 Endorsed
McLean, VA 22101
I help high-achieving professionals who look calm on the outside but feel like they’re falling apart inside. From the outside, your life looks “together.” You’re successful and driven, but inside you feel exhausted, anxious, and constantly under pressure. In therapy, we’ll work together to uncover the patterns behind the overwhelm, find relief from perfectionism, and create space for a life that feels as good inside as it looks outside. You don’t have to keep pushing through alone.
I help high-achieving professionals who look calm on the outside but feel like they’re falling apart inside. From the outside, your life looks “together.” You’re successful and driven, but inside you feel exhausted, anxious, and constantly under pressure. In therapy, we’ll work together to uncover the patterns behind the overwhelm, find relief from perfectionism, and create space for a life that feels as good inside as it looks outside. You don’t have to keep pushing through alone.
(703) 348-3732 View (703) 348-3732

See more therapy options for 22101

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 22101

400+

Average cost per session

$194

Therapists in 22101 who prioritize treating:

95% Anxiety
89% Depression
80% Relationship Issues
77% Self Esteem
70% Stress
67% Trauma and PTSD
59% Grief

Average years in practice

15 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

71% BlueCross and BlueShield
59% CareFirst
57% Aetna

How Therapists in 22101 see their clients

63% In Person and Online
37% Online Only

Gender breakdown

84% Female
15% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 22101?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.