Therapists in 20194

Photo of Phyllis Miller Palombi, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MS
Phyllis Miller Palombi
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MS
Reston, VA 20194
Working with individuals and couples going through life changes, including medical issues, is my specialty. I have dedicated my career helping people make their relationships, marriage, healthier and happier learning about themselves and communicating needs and goals more effectively. Couples also come to me when they have already made a decision to separate and want to do it in healthy ways. I am part of the Collaborative Divorce Community in Northern Virginia where I team up with attorneys and financial experts to help people find a more amicable way to divorce with more mental health support for the whole family.
Working with individuals and couples going through life changes, including medical issues, is my specialty. I have dedicated my career helping people make their relationships, marriage, healthier and happier learning about themselves and communicating needs and goals more effectively. Couples also come to me when they have already made a decision to separate and want to do it in healthy ways. I am part of the Collaborative Divorce Community in Northern Virginia where I team up with attorneys and financial experts to help people find a more amicable way to divorce with more mental health support for the whole family.
(703) 844-3449 View (703) 844-3449
Photo of Earta Norwood, Psychologist, PhD
Earta Norwood
Psychologist, PhD
Reston, VA 20194
I specialize in using videotherapy to help you reclaim your peace, your motivation, and your confidence. Feeling stressed, stuck, or overwhelmed doesn't have to be the norm. Therapy can help! My style is warm, non-judgmental, and flexible. Having lived in three countries on two continents, I have experienced a wide range of cultural backgrounds and I use that experience in therapy. My approach is informed by my research and my constant study of the latest developments and findings on diagnosing and treating behavioral, cognitive, and emotional distress.
I specialize in using videotherapy to help you reclaim your peace, your motivation, and your confidence. Feeling stressed, stuck, or overwhelmed doesn't have to be the norm. Therapy can help! My style is warm, non-judgmental, and flexible. Having lived in three countries on two continents, I have experienced a wide range of cultural backgrounds and I use that experience in therapy. My approach is informed by my research and my constant study of the latest developments and findings on diagnosing and treating behavioral, cognitive, and emotional distress.
(703) 972-1328 View (703) 972-1328
Photo of Sarah Stark, Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC
Sarah Stark
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC
2 Endorsed
Serves Area
I provide therapy for children/teens and adults who are looking for help and support to successfully handle life's challenges. Because my practice includes working with children, I offer strong support for parents and families who are affected by what a child is experiencing. My approach is primarily cognitive-behavioral and solution-focused, meaning that we will look at the interplay among thoughts, feelings and behaviors to explore how negative thought patterns influence behavior and work to change those patterns to provide emotional relief. I help clients develop real-life skills and coping strategies that can last a lifetime.
I provide therapy for children/teens and adults who are looking for help and support to successfully handle life's challenges. Because my practice includes working with children, I offer strong support for parents and families who are affected by what a child is experiencing. My approach is primarily cognitive-behavioral and solution-focused, meaning that we will look at the interplay among thoughts, feelings and behaviors to explore how negative thought patterns influence behavior and work to change those patterns to provide emotional relief. I help clients develop real-life skills and coping strategies that can last a lifetime.
(571) 989-7933 View (571) 989-7933
Photo of Pamela Powers, Resident in Counseling, MA, CCTP, NCMHCE
Pamela Powers
Resident in Counseling, MA, CCTP, NCMHCE
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
My ideal clients are the ones that are navigating life through trauma, grief and hard transitions. I specialize in trauma, and I am EMDR and Brainspotting trained, which are great modalities for healing trauma. I have personal and professional experience with the LGBTQi community and people with ADHD and autism. My goal is to empower others as they heal. In addition, I work with clients that are struggling with depression, anxiety, body dysphoria, and suicidal ideation.
My ideal clients are the ones that are navigating life through trauma, grief and hard transitions. I specialize in trauma, and I am EMDR and Brainspotting trained, which are great modalities for healing trauma. I have personal and professional experience with the LGBTQi community and people with ADHD and autism. My goal is to empower others as they heal. In addition, I work with clients that are struggling with depression, anxiety, body dysphoria, and suicidal ideation.
(571) 200-7115 View (571) 200-7115
Photo of Karen Millen, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Karen Millen
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Serves Area
Warm greetings. Seeking support when anxiety, depression, or trauma leave you feeling overwhelmed, stuck, or uncertain takes courage. You don’t have to face this alone. Therapy can help you gain clarity, confidence, and a greater sense of ease in daily life and relationships. I have over 30 years of experience helping people deepen self-awareness and connect with their strengths and potential. My practice is informed by specialized training in trauma and mood disorders.
Warm greetings. Seeking support when anxiety, depression, or trauma leave you feeling overwhelmed, stuck, or uncertain takes courage. You don’t have to face this alone. Therapy can help you gain clarity, confidence, and a greater sense of ease in daily life and relationships. I have over 30 years of experience helping people deepen self-awareness and connect with their strengths and potential. My practice is informed by specialized training in trauma and mood disorders.
(571) 500-2698 View (571) 500-2698
Photo of Michael T. Greelis, Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC, LMFT
Michael T. Greelis
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC, LMFT
Serves Area
I provide counseling services to adolescents, adults, and preteens. I see people for individual, family, and couples counseling. Services for individuals address the following conditions: depression; bipolar disorder (in conjunction with a psychiatrist); trauma and grief; disruptive behavior including anger problems; substance abuse; and work/professional problems involving mood or other behavioral problems.
I provide counseling services to adolescents, adults, and preteens. I see people for individual, family, and couples counseling. Services for individuals address the following conditions: depression; bipolar disorder (in conjunction with a psychiatrist); trauma and grief; disruptive behavior including anger problems; substance abuse; and work/professional problems involving mood or other behavioral problems.
(703) 935-5782 View (703) 935-5782
Photo of Dan Roth, Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, NCC, CBIS
Dan Roth
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, NCC, CBIS
2 Endorsed
Serves Area
I work with adults and adolescents to create lasting change by increasing self-awareness and identifying barriers to personal growth. I strive to create a genuine, empathic, collaborative environment where you can safely explore difficult topics, gain insight into yourself, and build upon your intrinsic strengths to make the changes you want to make. I also aim to help you identify outdated patterns of thinking and behavior that no longer serve you and choose alternatives that are in line with your goals.
I work with adults and adolescents to create lasting change by increasing self-awareness and identifying barriers to personal growth. I strive to create a genuine, empathic, collaborative environment where you can safely explore difficult topics, gain insight into yourself, and build upon your intrinsic strengths to make the changes you want to make. I also aim to help you identify outdated patterns of thinking and behavior that no longer serve you and choose alternatives that are in line with your goals.
(571) 630-3237 View (571) 630-3237
Photo of Vittoria Donato Grant - Vittoria Donato Grant, LPC Trauma Therapist, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC
Vittoria Donato Grant, LPC Trauma Therapist
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC
7 Endorsed
Serves Area
I am a bilingual (English/Spanish) Licensed Professional Counselor, EMDR Certified Therapist, and Certified Traumatologist with over 30 years of experience helping adults heal from trauma, PTSD, mood and anxiety disorders, and relationship difficulties. - I use EMDR to help process traumatic memories and reduce emotional distress. This therapy approach helps individuals understand, process and overcome trauma related symptoms and develop successful strategies for resilience and emotional healing. As an immigrant from Italy, I also specialize in cross cultural counseling helping individuals navigate cultural transitions.
I am a bilingual (English/Spanish) Licensed Professional Counselor, EMDR Certified Therapist, and Certified Traumatologist with over 30 years of experience helping adults heal from trauma, PTSD, mood and anxiety disorders, and relationship difficulties. - I use EMDR to help process traumatic memories and reduce emotional distress. This therapy approach helps individuals understand, process and overcome trauma related symptoms and develop successful strategies for resilience and emotional healing. As an immigrant from Italy, I also specialize in cross cultural counseling helping individuals navigate cultural transitions.
(703) 884-2437 View (703) 884-2437
Photo of Natalia Lugina Mauranne, Psychologist, MS, MA, PsyD
Natalia Lugina Mauranne
Psychologist, MS, MA, PsyD
Serves Area
I am a Licensed Clinical Psychologist, Integrative Health Provider, and Certified Brain Health Coach who specializes in neuropsychological assessment and brain health consultations (ages 8 to 90+). My areas of professional expertise include ADHD, learning disorders and other neurodevelopmental conditions, TBI/concussion, dementia, stroke recovery, PTSD, and anxiety/depression. I conduct comprehensive neuropsychological evaluations for precision diagnostics and individualized treatment planning.
I am a Licensed Clinical Psychologist, Integrative Health Provider, and Certified Brain Health Coach who specializes in neuropsychological assessment and brain health consultations (ages 8 to 90+). My areas of professional expertise include ADHD, learning disorders and other neurodevelopmental conditions, TBI/concussion, dementia, stroke recovery, PTSD, and anxiety/depression. I conduct comprehensive neuropsychological evaluations for precision diagnostics and individualized treatment planning.
(571) 200-1755 View (571) 200-1755
Photo of Dana Thompson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Dana Thompson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Serves Area
I'm Dana Thompson, a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) with over 6 years of experience dedicated to helping adults improve their well-being and enhance their quality of life. I offer both individual and group therapy for those dealing with symptoms of depression, anxiety, low self-esteem, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and grief. My expertise lies in supporting individuals facing unexpected life transitions, such as those caused by illness, injury, changes in role identity, separation or divorce, and various forms of loss.
I'm Dana Thompson, a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) with over 6 years of experience dedicated to helping adults improve their well-being and enhance their quality of life. I offer both individual and group therapy for those dealing with symptoms of depression, anxiety, low self-esteem, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and grief. My expertise lies in supporting individuals facing unexpected life transitions, such as those caused by illness, injury, changes in role identity, separation or divorce, and various forms of loss.
(571) 620-5602 View (571) 620-5602
Photo of Ashley M Powell, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC
Ashley M Powell
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC
Serves Area
Do you feel overwhelmed by the various stressors in your life? Are you struggling to find your purpose and identity? Are depression and anxiety holding you back? Are you seeking fulfillment in your relationships? Scheduling a counseling session is your first step in the journey of addressing these concerns and making positive changes towards living the life you desire. As each person is unique, my approach is eclectic and based on the needs of each client. Our work together will pull from different evidence-based treatment modalities, including cognitive-behavioral therapy.
Do you feel overwhelmed by the various stressors in your life? Are you struggling to find your purpose and identity? Are depression and anxiety holding you back? Are you seeking fulfillment in your relationships? Scheduling a counseling session is your first step in the journey of addressing these concerns and making positive changes towards living the life you desire. As each person is unique, my approach is eclectic and based on the needs of each client. Our work together will pull from different evidence-based treatment modalities, including cognitive-behavioral therapy.
(571) 568-7185 View (571) 568-7185
Photo of Eric D. Zelsdorf, Psychologist, PsyD, LCP
Eric D. Zelsdorf
Psychologist, PsyD, LCP
2 Endorsed
Serves Area
Waitlist for new clients
I work with older kids, teens, young adults, adults, and older adults who feel stuck, overwhelmed, disconnected, or unsure of how to move forward. You may be dealing with anxiety, trauma, self-doubt, identity questions, or relationship struggles. Many of my clients want clarity, a stronger sense of self, and tools to navigate life more confidently. I also work with individuals seeking psychological assessments for personal insight, life transitions, or professional/occupational readiness.
I work with older kids, teens, young adults, adults, and older adults who feel stuck, overwhelmed, disconnected, or unsure of how to move forward. You may be dealing with anxiety, trauma, self-doubt, identity questions, or relationship struggles. Many of my clients want clarity, a stronger sense of self, and tools to navigate life more confidently. I also work with individuals seeking psychological assessments for personal insight, life transitions, or professional/occupational readiness.
(703) 468-4137 View (703) 468-4137
Photo of Dr. Aneta Kern - Collaborative Support Psychological Services PLLC, Psychologist, PhD, PMH-C
Collaborative Support Psychological Services PLLC
Psychologist, PhD, PMH-C
Online Only
Not accepting new clients
Welcome! Therapy with me is a supportive space for mothers and mothers-to-be who are feeling overwhelmed, anxious, exhausted, or not quite like themselves. Whether you’re navigating infertility, pregnancy worries, postpartum changes, intrusive thoughts, or the mental load of motherhood, you don’t have to carry it alone. Together, we’ll work on calming the overwhelm, easing difficult emotions, and helping you feel more grounded, confident, and supported in this season. I’m here to walk alongside you with compassion, clarity, and steady guidance on your journey toward healing, growth, and lasting well-being.
Welcome! Therapy with me is a supportive space for mothers and mothers-to-be who are feeling overwhelmed, anxious, exhausted, or not quite like themselves. Whether you’re navigating infertility, pregnancy worries, postpartum changes, intrusive thoughts, or the mental load of motherhood, you don’t have to carry it alone. Together, we’ll work on calming the overwhelm, easing difficult emotions, and helping you feel more grounded, confident, and supported in this season. I’m here to walk alongside you with compassion, clarity, and steady guidance on your journey toward healing, growth, and lasting well-being.
(703) 782-4774 View (703) 782-4774
Photo of Paula Domenici, Psychologist, PhD
Paula Domenici
Psychologist, PhD
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Welcome to my practice! If you’re struggling with anxiety, depression, sleep or painful memories and want to enjoy your life, relationships, or work more, I’m hopeful my specialties will be a great fit for you. As a trauma expert, I have helped many individuals overcome distressing experiences and regain hope and direction; I’m confident the highly effective approaches I use will work for you too! I will provide you with a safe, non-judgmental space so you can process the impact of life events, develop new strategies, and harness your strengths. After building trust, we'll work together to dramatically improve your life and future.
Welcome to my practice! If you’re struggling with anxiety, depression, sleep or painful memories and want to enjoy your life, relationships, or work more, I’m hopeful my specialties will be a great fit for you. As a trauma expert, I have helped many individuals overcome distressing experiences and regain hope and direction; I’m confident the highly effective approaches I use will work for you too! I will provide you with a safe, non-judgmental space so you can process the impact of life events, develop new strategies, and harness your strengths. After building trust, we'll work together to dramatically improve your life and future.
(571) 568-8347 View (571) 568-8347
Photo of Emily Laing, Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Emily Laing
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Online Only
As a therapist, I hold a compassionate, non-judgmental space for clients 1. to explore their inner lives and 2. to learn how to make their day-to-day lives better, one step at a time. I use a variety of evidenced-based approaches to help you gain clarity about your thoughts and feelings. We will also spend time figuring out what coping skills help you feel and function better. At the end of the day, I want our work together to support you in being more at home in your mind and body and to empower you as you take action on your goals.
As a therapist, I hold a compassionate, non-judgmental space for clients 1. to explore their inner lives and 2. to learn how to make their day-to-day lives better, one step at a time. I use a variety of evidenced-based approaches to help you gain clarity about your thoughts and feelings. We will also spend time figuring out what coping skills help you feel and function better. At the end of the day, I want our work together to support you in being more at home in your mind and body and to empower you as you take action on your goals.
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Photo of Carla Carick, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LCSW-C
Carla Carick
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LCSW-C
Online Only
Whether you're feeling overwhelmed, isolated, uncertain, or simply in need of extra support during a time of change, you don’t have to navigate it alone. I’m here to help you (re)discover your inner strength, regain your footing, and reimagine what’s possible. Together, we’ll explore the thoughts, emotions, and patterns shaping your experience—and work to make sense of how they influence the way you see yourself and move through the world. With curiosity, imagination, and openness guiding us, we’ll uncover new perspectives and create space for transformation and renewed hope.
Whether you're feeling overwhelmed, isolated, uncertain, or simply in need of extra support during a time of change, you don’t have to navigate it alone. I’m here to help you (re)discover your inner strength, regain your footing, and reimagine what’s possible. Together, we’ll explore the thoughts, emotions, and patterns shaping your experience—and work to make sense of how they influence the way you see yourself and move through the world. With curiosity, imagination, and openness guiding us, we’ll uncover new perspectives and create space for transformation and renewed hope.
(571) 496-8958 View (571) 496-8958
Photo of Catherine L Dempsey - Dr Catherine L Dempsey, Psychologist, PhD, MPH
Dr Catherine L Dempsey
Psychologist, PhD, MPH
Online Only
Waitlist for new clients
I use an empathic warm approach to provide a safe environment for my clients. I know its hard to reach out for help and I make every effort to engage clients in treatment with phone consultations and flexible scheduling. I treat symptoms associated with trauma and stress, such as PTSD, depression, anxiety, loss, pain, and addictions for individual, couples and families.
I use an empathic warm approach to provide a safe environment for my clients. I know its hard to reach out for help and I make every effort to engage clients in treatment with phone consultations and flexible scheduling. I treat symptoms associated with trauma and stress, such as PTSD, depression, anxiety, loss, pain, and addictions for individual, couples and families.
(240) 391-3085 View (240) 391-3085
Photo of Brittani Rose, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Brittani Rose
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
Life is a roller coaster ride, but you do not have to ride it alone. I promise to provide my clients with a judgment-free place to feel safe, heard, and accepted. Together, we can work on your goals as a team to help cultivate a healthy and thriving life. Life is not meant to be done alone, and I am here to help. My approach is client-centered because it fosters the ability to build a genuine relationship with my clients based on trust, acceptance, and understanding.
Life is a roller coaster ride, but you do not have to ride it alone. I promise to provide my clients with a judgment-free place to feel safe, heard, and accepted. Together, we can work on your goals as a team to help cultivate a healthy and thriving life. Life is not meant to be done alone, and I am here to help. My approach is client-centered because it fosters the ability to build a genuine relationship with my clients based on trust, acceptance, and understanding.
(323) 643-8569 View (323) 643-8569
Photo of Crystal Chafin, Pre-Licensed Professional
Crystal Chafin
Pre-Licensed Professional
Online Only
I’m Crystal Chafin, a Resident in Counseling specializing in marriage and family therapy with over five years of experience. I work with couples and individuals facing a range of concerns, including chronic illness, depression, anxiety, relationship challenges, behavioral issues, and substance use disorder. I also have experience supporting adolescents navigating gender and sexuality questions, as well as those with ADHD and bipolar disorder. Having witnessed firsthand the effects of mental health diagnoses on the family system, I provide a safe, supportive space for open sharing and growth.
I’m Crystal Chafin, a Resident in Counseling specializing in marriage and family therapy with over five years of experience. I work with couples and individuals facing a range of concerns, including chronic illness, depression, anxiety, relationship challenges, behavioral issues, and substance use disorder. I also have experience supporting adolescents navigating gender and sexuality questions, as well as those with ADHD and bipolar disorder. Having witnessed firsthand the effects of mental health diagnoses on the family system, I provide a safe, supportive space for open sharing and growth.
(571) 409-6490 View (571) 409-6490
Photo of Alise Lindsey, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Alise Lindsey
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Online Only
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor in the state of Virginia. I work with adults, (individuals and couples) to help achieve healthy relationships, ideal sexual functioning, healing from trauma, and improving depression and anxiety symptoms through CBT, the Gottman Method, and EMDR. I focus on connecting with clients in an effort to build trust and safety. From there, I utilize an eclectic approach to treatment; we can move from using CBT to DBT in a session. I focus heavily on psychoeducation because I want you to understand what we are doing and why.
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor in the state of Virginia. I work with adults, (individuals and couples) to help achieve healthy relationships, ideal sexual functioning, healing from trauma, and improving depression and anxiety symptoms through CBT, the Gottman Method, and EMDR. I focus on connecting with clients in an effort to build trust and safety. From there, I utilize an eclectic approach to treatment; we can move from using CBT to DBT in a session. I focus heavily on psychoeducation because I want you to understand what we are doing and why.
(321) 265-3557 View (321) 265-3557

See more therapy options for 20194

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 20194

20+

Average cost per session

$175

Therapists in 20194 who prioritize treating:

92% Depression
92% Anxiety
92% Social Anxiety
92% Health Anxiety
92% Driving Anxiety
77% Self Esteem
69% Stress

Average years in practice

13 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

78% BlueCross and BlueShield
78% Cigna and Evernorth
78% Anthem

How Therapists in 20194 see their clients

50% In Person and Online
50% Online Only

Gender breakdown

88% Female
12% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 20194?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.