Photo of Hayley B Sherwood, Psychologist in 20171, VA
Hayley B Sherwood
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Herndon, VA 20171
My name is Hayley B. Sherwood, Ph.D. I am a trauma-informed Clinical Psychologist in private practice in Herndon, VA, specializing in adolescent, parenting, family, and women's issues. I work with many women who are trying to balance to demands of contemporary motherhood, as well as adolescents and adults who have challenging family relationships. My approach to psychotherapy is from a family systems and psychodynamic perspective, and I favor a multi-disciplinary approach to treatment. As a result, I regularly consult with psychiatrists, primary care physicians, school personnel and other professionals regarding my client's care.
My name is Hayley B. Sherwood, Ph.D. I am a trauma-informed Clinical Psychologist in private practice in Herndon, VA, specializing in adolescent, parenting, family, and women's issues. I work with many women who are trying to balance to demands of contemporary motherhood, as well as adolescents and adults who have challenging family relationships. My approach to psychotherapy is from a family systems and psychodynamic perspective, and I favor a multi-disciplinary approach to treatment. As a result, I regularly consult with psychiatrists, primary care physicians, school personnel and other professionals regarding my client's care.
(540) 908-3855 View (540) 908-3855
Photo of Sarah Theimer, Licensed Professional Counselor in 20171, VA
Sarah Theimer
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, CCTP-II
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Herndon, VA 20171  (Online Only)
Are you an adult who has been through a stressful experience? Do you continue to think about that stressful experience, have nightmares about it, or feel as if you are reliving it day after day? Living through a stressful or traumatic experience is hard enough; but to be weighed down and continuously thinking about and remembering those events even after they have ended can be even more taxing, draining, and confusing.
Are you an adult who has been through a stressful experience? Do you continue to think about that stressful experience, have nightmares about it, or feel as if you are reliving it day after day? Living through a stressful or traumatic experience is hard enough; but to be weighed down and continuously thinking about and remembering those events even after they have ended can be even more taxing, draining, and confusing.
(571) 568-7332 View (571) 568-7332
Photo of Maria Allen-Jenkins, Psychologist in 20171, VA
Maria Allen-Jenkins
Psychologist, PsyD, PMH-C
Verified Verified
Herndon, VA 20171  (Online Only)
Life is full of ongoing changes and transitions. Youth today are faced with a myriad of challenges, as technology has advanced and schedules have become increasingly hectic. Trying to build a family does not always come easily, and infertility is much more than a medical diagnosis. It is a life-altering event that has effects on every aspect of one’s life. Pregnancy and the birth of a new baby is often viewed as a time full of joy, love, and bonding; however, this time can also be stressful and difficult leading to approximately 1 in 7 moms and 1 in 10 dads experiencing significant levels of anxiety and/or depression.
Life is full of ongoing changes and transitions. Youth today are faced with a myriad of challenges, as technology has advanced and schedules have become increasingly hectic. Trying to build a family does not always come easily, and infertility is much more than a medical diagnosis. It is a life-altering event that has effects on every aspect of one’s life. Pregnancy and the birth of a new baby is often viewed as a time full of joy, love, and bonding; however, this time can also be stressful and difficult leading to approximately 1 in 7 moms and 1 in 10 dads experiencing significant levels of anxiety and/or depression.
(703) 783-4647 View (703) 783-4647
Photo of Sandra G. Coffman, Psychologist in 20171, VA
Sandra G. Coffman
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Herndon, VA 20171  (Online Only)
Have you been told that you are too sensitive? Do you notice and know things that most others seem to miss? Are you often overwhelmed by too much coming at you in the world and need a lot of alone time to recover from the stresses of daily life? Do you find yourself in relationships that are a one-way street? One in five people will answer "yes" to these questions. If you are one of them, you may be a Highly Sensitive Person (HSP). HSP's are often gifted, healers, caregivers (e.g., nurses, therapists, doctors), and artists. We excel at caring for others but may need guidance and support to learn how to also nurture ourselves.
Have you been told that you are too sensitive? Do you notice and know things that most others seem to miss? Are you often overwhelmed by too much coming at you in the world and need a lot of alone time to recover from the stresses of daily life? Do you find yourself in relationships that are a one-way street? One in five people will answer "yes" to these questions. If you are one of them, you may be a Highly Sensitive Person (HSP). HSP's are often gifted, healers, caregivers (e.g., nurses, therapists, doctors), and artists. We excel at caring for others but may need guidance and support to learn how to also nurture ourselves.
(540) 701-5861 View (540) 701-5861
Photo of Rebecca Leslie, Resident in Counseling in 20171, VA
Rebecca Leslie
Resident in Counseling
Verified Verified
Herndon, VA 20171
Ms. Leslie earned her Masters in Clinical Mental Health Counseling from Marymount University. She works closely with children (5+), adolescents and young adults with a variety of mental health challenges. With her younger clients, Ms. Leslie uses Child Centered Play Therapy to address behavioral challenges such anger, aggression, sadness and other behaviorally-related struggles. With her older clients, she works with a variety of mental health challenges, including anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress, acute stressors, self-harm, relationship difficulties, mood disorders and attentional concerns.
Ms. Leslie earned her Masters in Clinical Mental Health Counseling from Marymount University. She works closely with children (5+), adolescents and young adults with a variety of mental health challenges. With her younger clients, Ms. Leslie uses Child Centered Play Therapy to address behavioral challenges such anger, aggression, sadness and other behaviorally-related struggles. With her older clients, she works with a variety of mental health challenges, including anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress, acute stressors, self-harm, relationship difficulties, mood disorders and attentional concerns.
(703) 552-9108 View (703) 552-9108
Photo of Dr. Paula Rainer, LLC, Licensed Professional Counselor in 20171, VA
Dr. Paula Rainer, LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC, NCC, ACS, BC-TMH
Verified Verified
Herndon, VA 20171
Are you looking for a strength-based approach to life? Are you generally an internally peaceful and pleasant person but your unwanted mood or thoughts are more powerful? Do stress, anxiety, and depression make you someone that you do not recognize? Are you mad, sad, or quiet without a true reason that you can express? Are you isolating yourself from activities that you used to enjoy or would consider pleasurable? Are you tired of people looking at who you are from the outside and think that you have everything that you need, but they are missing your internal pain?
Are you looking for a strength-based approach to life? Are you generally an internally peaceful and pleasant person but your unwanted mood or thoughts are more powerful? Do stress, anxiety, and depression make you someone that you do not recognize? Are you mad, sad, or quiet without a true reason that you can express? Are you isolating yourself from activities that you used to enjoy or would consider pleasurable? Are you tired of people looking at who you are from the outside and think that you have everything that you need, but they are missing your internal pain?
(703) 782-8059 View (703) 782-8059
Photo of Abbie Shlesinger, Pre-Licensed Professional in 20171, VA
Abbie Shlesinger
Pre-Licensed Professional, BA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Herndon, VA 20171
In today’s busy world how do you raise a family, motivate yourself to make desired changes, or tend to your soul? It is easy to lose ourselves in the expectations and responsibilities of daily living but no matter how difficult life may feel today, you are capable of creating an authentic and peaceful experience for yourself.
In today’s busy world how do you raise a family, motivate yourself to make desired changes, or tend to your soul? It is easy to lose ourselves in the expectations and responsibilities of daily living but no matter how difficult life may feel today, you are capable of creating an authentic and peaceful experience for yourself.
(703) 215-2723 View (703) 215-2723
Photo of Christina Jo Moynihan, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in 20171, VA
Christina Jo Moynihan
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Herndon, VA 20171  (Online Only)
Navigating life, finding (and maintaining) healthy and meaningful relationships, & parenthood can all be joyous and rewarding experiences. It can also bring forth unique challenges & pressures. Do you struggle with feeling disconnected from yourself or others? Do you prioritize everyone else's needs before your own? Do you wonder if life should simply feel better? Happier? Now more than ever, people are feeling anxious, overwhelmed, and uncertain about how they are supposed to manage their relationships, careers, and lives. Mid-Atlantic Psychotherapy has therapists who can support you, let's find you a match today!
Navigating life, finding (and maintaining) healthy and meaningful relationships, & parenthood can all be joyous and rewarding experiences. It can also bring forth unique challenges & pressures. Do you struggle with feeling disconnected from yourself or others? Do you prioritize everyone else's needs before your own? Do you wonder if life should simply feel better? Happier? Now more than ever, people are feeling anxious, overwhelmed, and uncertain about how they are supposed to manage their relationships, careers, and lives. Mid-Atlantic Psychotherapy has therapists who can support you, let's find you a match today!
(571) 347-2998 View (571) 347-2998
Photo of Gabi Taweel, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in 20171, VA
Gabi Taweel
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Herndon, VA 20171  (Online Only)
Navigating life as a young adult is a challenge. Often we seek stability among life's chaos, while other times we seek excitement among life's mundanity. I am here to help you identify your needs and desires during both transitional and stagnant periods of your life. I firmly believe the therapeutic relationship provides the groundwork for healing and I prioritize building rapport and mutual trust. Together, we will dive beneath surface issues, discover the underlying reasons for distress, and build strategies to take control of your life.
Navigating life as a young adult is a challenge. Often we seek stability among life's chaos, while other times we seek excitement among life's mundanity. I am here to help you identify your needs and desires during both transitional and stagnant periods of your life. I firmly believe the therapeutic relationship provides the groundwork for healing and I prioritize building rapport and mutual trust. Together, we will dive beneath surface issues, discover the underlying reasons for distress, and build strategies to take control of your life.
(571) 497-5744 View (571) 497-5744
Photo of Charles Grausz Counseling Services, Licensed Professional Counselor in 20171, VA
Charles Grausz Counseling Services
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Herndon, VA 20171  (Online Only)
Looking to help you or your child achieve more and reach your goals? With 22 years of experience,I have the tools to help with motivation, confidence and social difficulties. I maintain a small practice where I can offer my clients the personal attention they deserve. As a school counselor and licensed professional counselor, I have the experience to create lasting connections with people of various ages to bring about positive change.
Looking to help you or your child achieve more and reach your goals? With 22 years of experience,I have the tools to help with motivation, confidence and social difficulties. I maintain a small practice where I can offer my clients the personal attention they deserve. As a school counselor and licensed professional counselor, I have the experience to create lasting connections with people of various ages to bring about positive change.
(571) 389-7889 View (571) 389-7889
Photo of Ashley Hallheimer, Psychologist in 20171, VA
Ashley Hallheimer
Psychologist, PsyD, MSc
Verified Verified
Herndon, VA 20171  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
I am a licensed clinical psychologist with over ten years of experience providing therapeutic services to children, adolescents, and adults. During my time in the mental health field, I have worked in a variety of settings such as emergency services, residential treatment, LGBTQIA+ behavioral health clinic, community mental health, university-counseling center, and private practice. I focus therapy to promote positive wellbeing and resiliency. My overall objective is to help individuals to become their own therapist, so that they feel empowered to move through life with dignity, grace, and compassion.
I am a licensed clinical psychologist with over ten years of experience providing therapeutic services to children, adolescents, and adults. During my time in the mental health field, I have worked in a variety of settings such as emergency services, residential treatment, LGBTQIA+ behavioral health clinic, community mental health, university-counseling center, and private practice. I focus therapy to promote positive wellbeing and resiliency. My overall objective is to help individuals to become their own therapist, so that they feel empowered to move through life with dignity, grace, and compassion.
(571) 380-7927 View (571) 380-7927
Photo of Angelia Robinson, Licensed Professional Counselor in 20171, VA
Angelia Robinson
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Herndon, VA 20171
I am a licensed mental health professional with over 14 years of experience. I have counseled adolescents, individuals, and families, and am trained in treating anxiety, depression, trauma, mood, and personality disorders. I love what I do, and it would be my pleasure to work with you. Some of my primary modalities are CBT, DBT, REBT, existential therapy, and reality testing. I provide constructive therapeutic confrontation when necessary, but I also believe in building rapport and compassion with my clients in assisting them to reach their best selves.
I am a licensed mental health professional with over 14 years of experience. I have counseled adolescents, individuals, and families, and am trained in treating anxiety, depression, trauma, mood, and personality disorders. I love what I do, and it would be my pleasure to work with you. Some of my primary modalities are CBT, DBT, REBT, existential therapy, and reality testing. I provide constructive therapeutic confrontation when necessary, but I also believe in building rapport and compassion with my clients in assisting them to reach their best selves.
(571) 496-8322 View (571) 496-8322
Photo of Jennifer Entwistle, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in 20171, VA
Jennifer Entwistle
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Herndon, VA 20171
Waitlist for new clients
You want to appear competent and put-together, but are struggling internally. You’re someone who likes tackling challenges and exciting projects, but gets tripped up by mundane things. It leaves you feeling frustrated and ashamed of yourself. You look around and it seems like everyone else is effortlessly balancing all of their responsibilities. Like there must be something wrong with you, or you weren’t paying attention when they handed out the life instruction manual. But you’re ready to make a change - you’re ready to feel in control and content with yourself and the life you’ve created. I want to help you get there.
You want to appear competent and put-together, but are struggling internally. You’re someone who likes tackling challenges and exciting projects, but gets tripped up by mundane things. It leaves you feeling frustrated and ashamed of yourself. You look around and it seems like everyone else is effortlessly balancing all of their responsibilities. Like there must be something wrong with you, or you weren’t paying attention when they handed out the life instruction manual. But you’re ready to make a change - you’re ready to feel in control and content with yourself and the life you’ve created. I want to help you get there.
View
Photo of Stiphenee Flores Soto, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in 20171, VA
Stiphenee Flores Soto
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Herndon, VA 20171  (Online Only)
Welcome! I am Stiphenee Flores Soto, a licensed clinical social worker (LCSW) in FL, VA, CT, and ME. I received a Bachelors in Social Work and Masters in Social Work Florida Atlantic University.
Welcome! I am Stiphenee Flores Soto, a licensed clinical social worker (LCSW) in FL, VA, CT, and ME. I received a Bachelors in Social Work and Masters in Social Work Florida Atlantic University.
(571) 946-7390 View (571) 946-7390
Photo of Linda Sierra, Licensed Professional Counselor in 20171, VA
Linda Sierra
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Herndon, VA 20171  (Online Only)
As a therapist, I provide a safe space for you to explore your potential, heal from past wounds, better manage stressors, and develop an actionable plan to work towards the goals you wish to pursue. I work with adults, adolescents and children as young as 8 years old and specialize in working with individuals who are experiencing anxiety, depression, trauma recovery, work injuries, anger issues, parenting challenges, or who are coping with relational, medical, and/or life stressors.
As a therapist, I provide a safe space for you to explore your potential, heal from past wounds, better manage stressors, and develop an actionable plan to work towards the goals you wish to pursue. I work with adults, adolescents and children as young as 8 years old and specialize in working with individuals who are experiencing anxiety, depression, trauma recovery, work injuries, anger issues, parenting challenges, or who are coping with relational, medical, and/or life stressors.
(571) 496-9178 View (571) 496-9178
Photo of Robin Johnson - Autumn Beginnings Counseling Services, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in 20171, VA
Robin Johnson - Autumn Beginnings Counseling Services
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, LCSW-C
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Herndon, VA 20171  (Online Only)
Hello! I am accepting new clients. Like many people, you may be experiencing circumstances that are hard to handle on your own. You are the expert of your life, and the goal of Autumn Beginnings Counseling Services is to work alongside you to help you to navigate positive change.
Hello! I am accepting new clients. Like many people, you may be experiencing circumstances that are hard to handle on your own. You are the expert of your life, and the goal of Autumn Beginnings Counseling Services is to work alongside you to help you to navigate positive change.
(703) 951-4925 View (703) 951-4925
Photo of Toi Harris, Marriage & Family Therapist in 20171, VA
Toi Harris
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Herndon, VA 20171  (Online Only)
I am a graduate of both Saint Leo University & Regent University. I hold a B.A. in Psychology & an M.A. in Marriage & Family Therapy. I use a structural family & CBT approach when working with clients coupled with a calm spirit that helps clients feel accepted and safe. I enjoy helping clients discover their strengths while highlighting how their thoughts and feelings contribute to their daily living & functioning. I am passionate about marriage, at-risk youth, & military communities. I enjoy working with individuals, couples, adolescents, & adults. I believe relational intelligence is the key that unlocks our greatest potential.
I am a graduate of both Saint Leo University & Regent University. I hold a B.A. in Psychology & an M.A. in Marriage & Family Therapy. I use a structural family & CBT approach when working with clients coupled with a calm spirit that helps clients feel accepted and safe. I enjoy helping clients discover their strengths while highlighting how their thoughts and feelings contribute to their daily living & functioning. I am passionate about marriage, at-risk youth, & military communities. I enjoy working with individuals, couples, adolescents, & adults. I believe relational intelligence is the key that unlocks our greatest potential.
(808) 278-9924 View (808) 278-9924
Photo of Jamie Crosier, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in 20171, VA
Jamie Crosier
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Herndon, VA 20171  (Online Only)
Hey there, I’m Jamie (she/her). If you struggle to feel seen, if you experience stress with your identity or in your relationships, or maybe if you're new to therapy or you've had not-great encounters with therapists in the past, I hope you'll book a session and give me a try. My approach is intuitive, collaborative, and conversational, and prioritizes a safe and inclusive experience for people from diverse and often marginalized backgrounds.
Hey there, I’m Jamie (she/her). If you struggle to feel seen, if you experience stress with your identity or in your relationships, or maybe if you're new to therapy or you've had not-great encounters with therapists in the past, I hope you'll book a session and give me a try. My approach is intuitive, collaborative, and conversational, and prioritizes a safe and inclusive experience for people from diverse and often marginalized backgrounds.
(571) 946-1448 View (571) 946-1448
Photo of Evelina Skoblinski, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in 20171, VA
Evelina Skoblinski
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Herndon, VA 20171
I have a broad experience with children, adolescents and adults with a wide variety of emotional and mental health disorders. My work is based on solution-focused, mind-body approach where I combine psychotherapy and mindfulness techniques to work with individuals who struggle with anxiety, depression, trauma and life transitions. I utilize cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT), nurtured heart approach and motivational interviewing in my work.
I have a broad experience with children, adolescents and adults with a wide variety of emotional and mental health disorders. My work is based on solution-focused, mind-body approach where I combine psychotherapy and mindfulness techniques to work with individuals who struggle with anxiety, depression, trauma and life transitions. I utilize cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT), nurtured heart approach and motivational interviewing in my work.
(703) 570-1613 View (703) 570-1613
Photo of Hawraa Akhond, Licensed Professional Counselor in 20171, VA
Hawraa Akhond
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Herndon, VA 20171  (Online Only)
I am a therapist with 10 years of experience working with adolescents and adults in various settings, including private practice, schools, inpatient hospitals, outpatient community-based care, IOP (Intensive Outpatient Program), and PHP (Partial Hospitalization Program). I am licensed in the states of MD, VA, and DC.
I am a therapist with 10 years of experience working with adolescents and adults in various settings, including private practice, schools, inpatient hospitals, outpatient community-based care, IOP (Intensive Outpatient Program), and PHP (Partial Hospitalization Program). I am licensed in the states of MD, VA, and DC.
(804) 886-1423 View (804) 886-1423

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 20171

100+

Average cost per session

$130

Therapists in 20171 who prioritize treating:

95% Anxiety
85% Depression
70% Coping Skills
69% Self Esteem
63% Trauma and PTSD
48% Grief
47% Women's Issues

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

81% Cigna and Evernorth
79% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
75% Optum

How Therapists in 20171 see their clients

67% Online Only
33% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

89% Female
11% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 20171?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.