Photo of Judy Valeski - Judy Valeski, LLC, Pre-Licensed Professional, LPC
Judy Valeski, LLC
Pre-Licensed Professional, LPC
1 Endorsed
Chantilly, VA 20151
I specialize in depression and anxiety, communication skills, couples counseling, grief and loss, single parenting, career counseling, and chronic illness. As a Resident in Counseling, I tend to use aspects of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy as we work together to help clients see immediate connections between their thoughts and their current actions. This often allows for acknowledgement and change to occur sooner, and clients can experience the satisfaction from the results of their hard work.
I specialize in depression and anxiety, communication skills, couples counseling, grief and loss, single parenting, career counseling, and chronic illness. As a Resident in Counseling, I tend to use aspects of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy as we work together to help clients see immediate connections between their thoughts and their current actions. This often allows for acknowledgement and change to occur sooner, and clients can experience the satisfaction from the results of their hard work.
(703) 291-0721 View (703) 291-0721
Photo of Jasper -Jay M Boomer, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, LSATP
Jasper -Jay M Boomer
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, LSATP
Chantilly, VA 20151
Jasper “Boomer” Boomer is a License Professional Counselor with a master’s degree in counseling from Argosy University as well as a master’s in education from George Mason University. He is an Vietnam Era Army Veteran with 18 plus year and have experience in Behavioral Health, Trauma, specializing in Substance Use Addiction. He possess critical problem-solving skills along with conflict resolution, Cognitive Behavior Therapy, Motivational Interviewing and Solution Focused Therapy to name a few. As a lifelong learner, he cares deeply about helping people help with the daily challenges of life to begin to truly live their lives.
Jasper “Boomer” Boomer is a License Professional Counselor with a master’s degree in counseling from Argosy University as well as a master’s in education from George Mason University. He is an Vietnam Era Army Veteran with 18 plus year and have experience in Behavioral Health, Trauma, specializing in Substance Use Addiction. He possess critical problem-solving skills along with conflict resolution, Cognitive Behavior Therapy, Motivational Interviewing and Solution Focused Therapy to name a few. As a lifelong learner, he cares deeply about helping people help with the daily challenges of life to begin to truly live their lives.
(571) 688-5505 View (571) 688-5505
Photo of Charmaine R. Dockett-Rivers Of Hope, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC-S
Charmaine R. Dockett-Rivers Of Hope
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC-S
Chantilly, VA 20151
**TeleHealth Counseling Available!** I bring authentic listening joined with the power of hope into the counseling relationship. When life brings its seasons of challenges and difficulties, I am confident that a road traveled together is the beginning of change. I believe in the uniqueness of individuals and without judgment, bring faith for the faithful and faithless. I compassionately help those struggling with relationship conflicts, self-esteem issues, trauma, addictions, partners suffering from sexual abuse, depression, anxiety, grief, shame and spiritual brokenness.
**TeleHealth Counseling Available!** I bring authentic listening joined with the power of hope into the counseling relationship. When life brings its seasons of challenges and difficulties, I am confident that a road traveled together is the beginning of change. I believe in the uniqueness of individuals and without judgment, bring faith for the faithful and faithless. I compassionately help those struggling with relationship conflicts, self-esteem issues, trauma, addictions, partners suffering from sexual abuse, depression, anxiety, grief, shame and spiritual brokenness.
(571) 200-4669 View (571) 200-4669
Photo of Julie Linton, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Julie Linton
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
1 Endorsed
Chantilly, VA 20151
Having personally experienced the healing effects of therapy, I hope to be able to help others find the same. As a therapist with a background in eduction, and a mother of five children, I have dealt with numerous life experiences and challenges. We all experience stages in life when we struggle to understand our, or perhaps others', feelings or behaviors, and need help processing "life". In helping clients find healthy patterns, understand others, deal with unexpected grief, and find new perspectives, I have seen many clients find peace and clarity, ultimately transforming their lives for the better.
Having personally experienced the healing effects of therapy, I hope to be able to help others find the same. As a therapist with a background in eduction, and a mother of five children, I have dealt with numerous life experiences and challenges. We all experience stages in life when we struggle to understand our, or perhaps others', feelings or behaviors, and need help processing "life". In helping clients find healthy patterns, understand others, deal with unexpected grief, and find new perspectives, I have seen many clients find peace and clarity, ultimately transforming their lives for the better.
(571) 464-6412 View (571) 464-6412
Photo of Claire Tran, Licensed Professional Counselor, LRIC, MA
Claire Tran
Licensed Professional Counselor, LRIC, MA
Online Only
Hello! I’m Claire Foote, a Licensed Resident in Counseling. I received my Master of Arts degree in Clinical Mental Health Counseling from Liberty University. I have experience working with children, adolescents, and adults in the outpatient setting. My clinical focus is anxiety disorders, mood disorders such as depression, life transitional concerns, coping skill enhancement, and trauma-informed care. My clinical approach focuses on a mix of Cognitive-Behavioral and Solution-Focused approaches.
Hello! I’m Claire Foote, a Licensed Resident in Counseling. I received my Master of Arts degree in Clinical Mental Health Counseling from Liberty University. I have experience working with children, adolescents, and adults in the outpatient setting. My clinical focus is anxiety disorders, mood disorders such as depression, life transitional concerns, coping skill enhancement, and trauma-informed care. My clinical approach focuses on a mix of Cognitive-Behavioral and Solution-Focused approaches.
(571) 946-2930 View (571) 946-2930
Photo of Tara Johnson, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Tara Johnson
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Hello! My name is Tara Johnson, LPC, and I am a graduate of Walden University with my Master of Science in Mental Health Counseling. In my educational and clinical journey, I have found the Cognitive-Behavioral approach to be of great assistance; however, I am also aware that everyone is unique thereby requiring the addition of other therapies as warranted in my “mental health toolbox”. All theories incorporate an understanding of the desire to change one’s approach to a situation even if the situation continues to exist, let me assist you in the process.
Hello! My name is Tara Johnson, LPC, and I am a graduate of Walden University with my Master of Science in Mental Health Counseling. In my educational and clinical journey, I have found the Cognitive-Behavioral approach to be of great assistance; however, I am also aware that everyone is unique thereby requiring the addition of other therapies as warranted in my “mental health toolbox”. All theories incorporate an understanding of the desire to change one’s approach to a situation even if the situation continues to exist, let me assist you in the process.
(804) 494-5579 View (804) 494-5579
Photo of Lisa Ann Abercrombie, Resident in Counseling, MA, NCMHCE, EMDR-T
Lisa Ann Abercrombie
Resident in Counseling, MA, NCMHCE, EMDR-T
1 Endorsed
Chantilly, VA 20151
Waitlist for new clients
I am a compassionate therapist dedicated to guiding you on your healing journey. My approach is shaped not only by my professional education but also by my personal experiences as a mother of four, navigating divorce, embracing life as an empty nester, and enduring the profound loss of my husband and parents. These life experiences have deepened my belief in God’s transformative power and the healing that comes through authentic connection. I offer a holistic, faith-integrated approach grounded in interpersonal neurobiology and an understanding of our God-designed need for connection and being known.
I am a compassionate therapist dedicated to guiding you on your healing journey. My approach is shaped not only by my professional education but also by my personal experiences as a mother of four, navigating divorce, embracing life as an empty nester, and enduring the profound loss of my husband and parents. These life experiences have deepened my belief in God’s transformative power and the healing that comes through authentic connection. I offer a holistic, faith-integrated approach grounded in interpersonal neurobiology and an understanding of our God-designed need for connection and being known.
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Photo of Sarah Elkins, Resident in Counseling, MA, LPCr, EMDR-T, NCC
Sarah Elkins
Resident in Counseling, MA, LPCr, EMDR-T, NCC
1 Endorsed
Chantilly, VA 20151
Distressing experiences change the way the brain and body process the world around us. As a result of this change, the nervous system becomes dysregulated. Therapy provides a warm safe environment to explore your thoughts and feelings. Together, we will focus on using evidence-based treatment methods based on Neurobiology to assist in affecting holistic and lasting change. Some issues I am skilled in include anxiety, depression, ADHD, PTSD, women’s issues, and relationship difficulties. My approach goes beyond the distress experienced within and extends further into thriving in community and harmony with others.
Distressing experiences change the way the brain and body process the world around us. As a result of this change, the nervous system becomes dysregulated. Therapy provides a warm safe environment to explore your thoughts and feelings. Together, we will focus on using evidence-based treatment methods based on Neurobiology to assist in affecting holistic and lasting change. Some issues I am skilled in include anxiety, depression, ADHD, PTSD, women’s issues, and relationship difficulties. My approach goes beyond the distress experienced within and extends further into thriving in community and harmony with others.
(571) 946-4683 View (571) 946-4683
Photo of Shaina Lester, Resident in Counseling, MEd
Shaina Lester
Resident in Counseling, MEd
Online Only
I am very passionate about assisting others on their healing journey. I use a non-judgmental and compassionate approach when working with clients. I have vast experience working with children, adolescents, adults, and families as a whole. I have experience working with individuals in the LGBTQIA+ community. I have worked with many diagnoses’ including ADHD, ODD, Depression, Anxiety, Autism, PTSD, Gender Dysphoria, grief-loss issues, and more. During treatment, I use a combination of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Person-Centered Therapy, Family Systems, and more.
I am very passionate about assisting others on their healing journey. I use a non-judgmental and compassionate approach when working with clients. I have vast experience working with children, adolescents, adults, and families as a whole. I have experience working with individuals in the LGBTQIA+ community. I have worked with many diagnoses’ including ADHD, ODD, Depression, Anxiety, Autism, PTSD, Gender Dysphoria, grief-loss issues, and more. During treatment, I use a combination of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Person-Centered Therapy, Family Systems, and more.
(571) 998-2015 View (571) 998-2015
Photo of John Mays - MidLife Refocus-Behavioral change programs, MEd, CHT, NSCA-PT
MidLife Refocus-Behavioral change programs
Verified Verified
Chantilly, VA 20151
Waitlist for new clients
When a person realizes that self awareness is the only long term solution, they will seek only to understand themselves. No longer do they seek to blame the outside world for their thoughts or feelings. My ideal client is one who seeks to do the work to evolve . Together we start the journey to locate the "inner" barriers that may be holding you back. We do the work to gain control of your thoughts and feelings that are keeping you feeling "stuck". Lasting relief comes from learning techniques which are less about problem-solving and more about letting-go of old beliefs and habits. Know thyself and the whole world changes!
When a person realizes that self awareness is the only long term solution, they will seek only to understand themselves. No longer do they seek to blame the outside world for their thoughts or feelings. My ideal client is one who seeks to do the work to evolve . Together we start the journey to locate the "inner" barriers that may be holding you back. We do the work to gain control of your thoughts and feelings that are keeping you feeling "stuck". Lasting relief comes from learning techniques which are less about problem-solving and more about letting-go of old beliefs and habits. Know thyself and the whole world changes!
(571) 765-3698 View (571) 765-3698
Photo of Sam R Kim - Rule 62 Therapy, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Rule 62 Therapy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Weekday, evening, and weekend appointments available. Finding the right therapist can sometimes be a journey in itself. We have a team of therapists to ensure that we cover a variety of approaches and specialties. Each of our therapists bring with them unique insights and perspectives. Sometimes we don’t know what it is that is keeping us from reaching our goals or feeling better, but the answer is often within us and completely attainable through honest exploration, discovery, and diligent practice. Visit our website to learn more about our team.
Weekday, evening, and weekend appointments available. Finding the right therapist can sometimes be a journey in itself. We have a team of therapists to ensure that we cover a variety of approaches and specialties. Each of our therapists bring with them unique insights and perspectives. Sometimes we don’t know what it is that is keeping us from reaching our goals or feeling better, but the answer is often within us and completely attainable through honest exploration, discovery, and diligent practice. Visit our website to learn more about our team.
(571) 546-3275 View (571) 546-3275
Photo of Emily Andrews, Licensed Mental Health Counselor, LMHC, LPC, ESMHL
Emily Andrews
Licensed Mental Health Counselor, LMHC, LPC, ESMHL
1 Endorsed
Chantilly, VA 20151
Hello, I'm a Licensed Mental Health Therapist based in Chantilly, VA. My passion is helping individuals navigate through life's challenges by providing a safe, supportive, and non-judgmental space. I believe that everyone has the capacity for growth and healing, and I'm committed to walking alongside you on your journey toward well-being. My Therapeutic Approach I utilize a client-centered and strengths-based approach to therapy. This means I focus on your unique strengths and tailor our sessions to meet your specific needs.
Hello, I'm a Licensed Mental Health Therapist based in Chantilly, VA. My passion is helping individuals navigate through life's challenges by providing a safe, supportive, and non-judgmental space. I believe that everyone has the capacity for growth and healing, and I'm committed to walking alongside you on your journey toward well-being. My Therapeutic Approach I utilize a client-centered and strengths-based approach to therapy. This means I focus on your unique strengths and tailor our sessions to meet your specific needs.
(571) 609-6450 View (571) 609-6450
Photo of Wendy Ann Krupa - Wendy A. Krupa, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Wendy A. Krupa, LCSW
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Chantilly, VA 20151
I've had extensive experience working with college and career age women, young mothers, adolescents and their parents, as well as those affected by addictions. I truly believe it is my calling to be in this field and it is my life experiences that have given me a compassion and empathy to walk alongside those who are struggling, offering direction and support by using my professional knowledge and skills.
I've had extensive experience working with college and career age women, young mothers, adolescents and their parents, as well as those affected by addictions. I truly believe it is my calling to be in this field and it is my life experiences that have given me a compassion and empathy to walk alongside those who are struggling, offering direction and support by using my professional knowledge and skills.
(571) 248-3999 View (571) 248-3999
Photo of Melissa Byrd - Rivers Of Hope Counseling, Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, NCC
Melissa Byrd - Rivers Of Hope Counseling
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, NCC
1 Endorsed
Chantilly, VA 20151
I believe that the therapeutic relationship is the most important factor in the growth and development of my clients. Within the therapeutic relationship, my clients can expect to be heard, supported, and encouraged as they work through their struggles to help them move forward. I have experience with all ages – children, adolescents, and adults. As a counselor, I provide services for individual, groups, and families.
I believe that the therapeutic relationship is the most important factor in the growth and development of my clients. Within the therapeutic relationship, my clients can expect to be heard, supported, and encouraged as they work through their struggles to help them move forward. I have experience with all ages – children, adolescents, and adults. As a counselor, I provide services for individual, groups, and families.
(571) 520-3410 View (571) 520-3410
Photo of Pooja Weissman, Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, MEd
Pooja Weissman
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, MEd
Chantilly, VA 20151
Do you find yourself repeating unhealthy patterns? Do you feel stuck? Are you struggling in relationships? Do you constantly battle feelings of emptiness, a lack of self-esteem, and/or loss of purpose? Or perhaps you struggle to set healthy boundaries for yourself when it comes to relationships. I empower clients to identify and remove internal barriers while building resilience in the process. I specialize in helping clients increase intimacy, improve communication and get "unstuck." If you're looking to "break the cycle" of negative thinking, hopelessness, and unhealthy life choices, let's get started! I believe THERE. IS. HOPE.
Do you find yourself repeating unhealthy patterns? Do you feel stuck? Are you struggling in relationships? Do you constantly battle feelings of emptiness, a lack of self-esteem, and/or loss of purpose? Or perhaps you struggle to set healthy boundaries for yourself when it comes to relationships. I empower clients to identify and remove internal barriers while building resilience in the process. I specialize in helping clients increase intimacy, improve communication and get "unstuck." If you're looking to "break the cycle" of negative thinking, hopelessness, and unhealthy life choices, let's get started! I believe THERE. IS. HOPE.
(571) 200-1660 View (571) 200-1660
Photo of Jocelyn M. Cleveland, Resident in Counseling, MA
Jocelyn M. Cleveland
Resident in Counseling, MA
Online Only
Greetings, I’m Jocelyn, a Licensed Resident in Counseling with a Master’s degree in Clinical Mental Health Counseling and a Bachelor’s in Forensic Psychology. As a proud 17-year military veteran, I have a unique perspective on the challenges of balancing daily responsibilities with the demands of home life. My experiences have fueled my passion for helping individuals overcome obstacles and achieve meaningful personal growth.
Greetings, I’m Jocelyn, a Licensed Resident in Counseling with a Master’s degree in Clinical Mental Health Counseling and a Bachelor’s in Forensic Psychology. As a proud 17-year military veteran, I have a unique perspective on the challenges of balancing daily responsibilities with the demands of home life. My experiences have fueled my passion for helping individuals overcome obstacles and achieve meaningful personal growth.
(703) 372-0191 View (703) 372-0191
Photo of Yamilet Cardenas - Rivers Of Hope Counseling, Pre-Licensed Professional, LMHP-R, MA
Yamilet Cardenas - Rivers Of Hope Counseling
Pre-Licensed Professional, LMHP-R, MA
Online Only
In a field such as counseling having an ideal client would take away the uniqueness each client brings. With that being said my ideal client is one that is open to becoming the best version of themselves.
In a field such as counseling having an ideal client would take away the uniqueness each client brings. With that being said my ideal client is one that is open to becoming the best version of themselves.
(757) 895-7792 View (757) 895-7792
Photo of Cherri Boothe - Beth Boothe Rivers Of Hope Counseling, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Beth Boothe Rivers Of Hope Counseling
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Chantilly, VA 20151
Hi, I'm Beth! I have a Master's Degree in Rehabilitation Counseling and I am a Licensed Professional Counselor in Virginia. I have been providing therapy services for many years, and have helped clients with a variety of issues, including depression, anxiety/stress, anger management, social issues, grief/loss, and trauma.
Hi, I'm Beth! I have a Master's Degree in Rehabilitation Counseling and I am a Licensed Professional Counselor in Virginia. I have been providing therapy services for many years, and have helped clients with a variety of issues, including depression, anxiety/stress, anger management, social issues, grief/loss, and trauma.
(571) 520-2857 View (571) 520-2857
Photo of Deborah Gonzalez, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA
Deborah Gonzalez
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA
Chantilly, VA 20151
In a world where many feel their life is out of control or in chaos, I offer a safe place to attain a new sense of serenity through common sense counseling. I specialize in helping adults and adolescents untangle and overcome life's disappointments and difficult experiences by offering new perspectives, and new coping strategies through a Christian worldview. My goal is to help the hurting identify the origin of their pain, suffering and damaging behaviors and to find a new, life-long sense of emotional sobriety and overall good health.
In a world where many feel their life is out of control or in chaos, I offer a safe place to attain a new sense of serenity through common sense counseling. I specialize in helping adults and adolescents untangle and overcome life's disappointments and difficult experiences by offering new perspectives, and new coping strategies through a Christian worldview. My goal is to help the hurting identify the origin of their pain, suffering and damaging behaviors and to find a new, life-long sense of emotional sobriety and overall good health.
(703) 348-2900 View (703) 348-2900
Photo of Rosa Maria Martinez-Rivers Of Hope, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW
Rosa Maria Martinez-Rivers Of Hope
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW
Online Only
Hello! My name is Rosa, and I am a bilingual licensed resident in counseling. I am a dedicated therapist who is enthusiastic about working with individuals as they navigate through difficult times in life. I have experience working with individuals (and their families) who struggle with anxiety, depression, self-identity, self-worth, self-esteem, parenting, relationship challenges, peer conflicts, eating disorders, behavioral issues, and post-traumatic stress disorder. I am committed to helping clients find new languages and new internal dialogue to help improve their overall functioning.
Hello! My name is Rosa, and I am a bilingual licensed resident in counseling. I am a dedicated therapist who is enthusiastic about working with individuals as they navigate through difficult times in life. I have experience working with individuals (and their families) who struggle with anxiety, depression, self-identity, self-worth, self-esteem, parenting, relationship challenges, peer conflicts, eating disorders, behavioral issues, and post-traumatic stress disorder. I am committed to helping clients find new languages and new internal dialogue to help improve their overall functioning.
(571) 615-0360 View (571) 615-0360
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See more therapy options for 20151

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 20151

300+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in 20151 who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
88% Depression
73% Coping Skills
73% Self Esteem
69% Relationship Issues
66% Stress
63% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

88% BlueCross and BlueShield
82% Anthem
81% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in 20151 see their clients

58% Online Only
42% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

84% Female
15% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 20151?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.