Photo of Laura Disney, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Laura Disney
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
I specialize in treating traumatic stress and emotion dysregulation. It can sometimes feel like our emotions run our lives, and I am passionate about supporting my clients in taking back control! I work frequently with the military community, as well as individuals navigating stressors related to work-life balance and parenting. I strive to create an empathic, non-judgmental, and collaborative atmosphere to support each client in overcoming obstacles and making positive changes.
I specialize in treating traumatic stress and emotion dysregulation. It can sometimes feel like our emotions run our lives, and I am passionate about supporting my clients in taking back control! I work frequently with the military community, as well as individuals navigating stressors related to work-life balance and parenting. I strive to create an empathic, non-judgmental, and collaborative atmosphere to support each client in overcoming obstacles and making positive changes.
(703) 997-2576 View (703) 997-2576
Photo of Nina (Nidaa) Iskander, MS, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Nina (Nidaa) Iskander
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Clifton, VA 20124
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor and a Certified Trauma Specialist with over 6 years of experience working in the field in a variety of settings, such as individuals of all ages, couples, family, group, inpatient and outpatient. I have collaborated with people to address their mental health and wellbeing, substance use and addiction, as well as co-occurring challenges. In addition, I supported my clients stabilize during crises, achieve their short and long-term goals, access community resources, and build a supportive network to meet their unique and individualized needs and desires.
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor and a Certified Trauma Specialist with over 6 years of experience working in the field in a variety of settings, such as individuals of all ages, couples, family, group, inpatient and outpatient. I have collaborated with people to address their mental health and wellbeing, substance use and addiction, as well as co-occurring challenges. In addition, I supported my clients stabilize during crises, achieve their short and long-term goals, access community resources, and build a supportive network to meet their unique and individualized needs and desires.
(571) 548-3190 View (571) 548-3190
Photo of Jennifer Walker, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Jennifer Walker
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Clifton, VA 20124
Jen’s professional journey contribute to her unique positioning to assist teens and families. Experience as a teacher and school counselor, has provided her with an extensive repertoire of strategies to aid today’s youth. In her 20-year tenure as a licensed counselor, Jen has helped thousands of students at all age levels. She’s been recognized as the ‘Middle School Counselor of the Year’ by both Prince William County and the Virginia School Counselor Association. Beyond her professional experience, Jen’s experiences as a mother aid her in fostering an empathetic and understanding environment for her clients and their parents.
Jen’s professional journey contribute to her unique positioning to assist teens and families. Experience as a teacher and school counselor, has provided her with an extensive repertoire of strategies to aid today’s youth. In her 20-year tenure as a licensed counselor, Jen has helped thousands of students at all age levels. She’s been recognized as the ‘Middle School Counselor of the Year’ by both Prince William County and the Virginia School Counselor Association. Beyond her professional experience, Jen’s experiences as a mother aid her in fostering an empathetic and understanding environment for her clients and their parents.
(703) 783-3387 View (703) 783-3387
Photo of Erica Force, PhD, CMPC, Psychologist
Erica Force
Psychologist, PhD, CMPC
Verified Verified
Clifton, VA 20124
My passion is helping adults and adolescents achieve well-being and balance. As a licensed psychologist, I offer traditional counseling services. I specialize in sport psychology, adolescent & elite athletes, women's issues, & EMDR. As a CMPC & registered Sport Psychologist with the U.S. Olympic Committee, I offer services for adults & adolescents, and have the privilege of working with athletes from youth to professional and Olympic/elite. As a psychologist, I am licensed in multiple states (District ofColumbia, Virginia, Maryland, Texas, Colorado, and Florida) and able to offer services nationwide.
My passion is helping adults and adolescents achieve well-being and balance. As a licensed psychologist, I offer traditional counseling services. I specialize in sport psychology, adolescent & elite athletes, women's issues, & EMDR. As a CMPC & registered Sport Psychologist with the U.S. Olympic Committee, I offer services for adults & adolescents, and have the privilege of working with athletes from youth to professional and Olympic/elite. As a psychologist, I am licensed in multiple states (District ofColumbia, Virginia, Maryland, Texas, Colorado, and Florida) and able to offer services nationwide.
(202) 915-1850 View (202) 915-1850
Photo of Aurena R Green, LPC, RYT, Licensed Professional Counselor
Aurena R Green
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, RYT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
I am a licensed professional counselor that takes a holistic and trauma-informed approach to therapy. My passion is supporting individuals in tapping into and living in accordance with their own inner compass. I am a firm believer that the answers you are seeking lie within, and I am dedicated to supporting you as you take your brave steps towards healing. I am deeply grateful for the opportunity to walk with you as you discover and remember your wholeness.
I am a licensed professional counselor that takes a holistic and trauma-informed approach to therapy. My passion is supporting individuals in tapping into and living in accordance with their own inner compass. I am a firm believer that the answers you are seeking lie within, and I am dedicated to supporting you as you take your brave steps towards healing. I am deeply grateful for the opportunity to walk with you as you discover and remember your wholeness.
(571) 540-7134 View (571) 540-7134
Photo of Nicole Smith, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Nicole Smith
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Clifton, VA 20124
Working with us you'll get results. Because we believe you're best served by a clinician who's passionate about not only their work, but who they work with as well. That's why we started Lifebulb - We're committed to building an organization that truly allows therapists to get back to enjoying their work, so you, our client, can receive the highest quality therapy services, whether in person at one of our locations or online through telehealth. We hire only highly trained and educated, licensed clinicians dedicated to the therapy process. We're confident we can help you achieve your therapy goals.
Working with us you'll get results. Because we believe you're best served by a clinician who's passionate about not only their work, but who they work with as well. That's why we started Lifebulb - We're committed to building an organization that truly allows therapists to get back to enjoying their work, so you, our client, can receive the highest quality therapy services, whether in person at one of our locations or online through telehealth. We hire only highly trained and educated, licensed clinicians dedicated to the therapy process. We're confident we can help you achieve your therapy goals.
(571) 410-3877 View (571) 410-3877
Photo of Jennifer Smith, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Jennifer Smith
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Clifton, VA 20124
Working with us you'll get results. Because we believe you're best served by a clinician who's passionate about not only their work, but who they work with as well. That's why we started Lifebulb - We're committed to building an organization that truly allows therapists to get back to enjoying their work, so you, our client, can receive the highest quality therapy services, whether in person at one of our locations or online through telehealth. We hire only highly trained and educated, licensed clinicians dedicated to the therapy process. We're confident we can help you achieve your therapy goals.
Working with us you'll get results. Because we believe you're best served by a clinician who's passionate about not only their work, but who they work with as well. That's why we started Lifebulb - We're committed to building an organization that truly allows therapists to get back to enjoying their work, so you, our client, can receive the highest quality therapy services, whether in person at one of our locations or online through telehealth. We hire only highly trained and educated, licensed clinicians dedicated to the therapy process. We're confident we can help you achieve your therapy goals.
(571) 506-6068 View (571) 506-6068
Photo of Alexandra Berger, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Alexandra Berger
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Clifton, VA 20124
Working with us you'll get results. Because we believe you're best served by a clinician who's passionate about not only their work, but who they work with as well. That's why we started Lifebulb - We're committed to building an organization that truly allows therapists to get back to enjoying their work, so you, our client, can receive the highest quality therapy services, whether in person at one of our locations or online through telehealth. We hire only highly trained and educated, licensed clinicians dedicated to the therapy process. We're confident we can help you achieve your therapy goals.
Working with us you'll get results. Because we believe you're best served by a clinician who's passionate about not only their work, but who they work with as well. That's why we started Lifebulb - We're committed to building an organization that truly allows therapists to get back to enjoying their work, so you, our client, can receive the highest quality therapy services, whether in person at one of our locations or online through telehealth. We hire only highly trained and educated, licensed clinicians dedicated to the therapy process. We're confident we can help you achieve your therapy goals.
(571) 200-0506 View (571) 200-0506
Photo of Tina Logan, LPC, Pre-Licensed Professional
Tina Logan
Pre-Licensed Professional, LPC
Verified Verified
Clifton, VA 20124
Working with us you'll get results. Because we believe you're best served by a clinician who's passionate about not only their work, but who they work with as well. That's why we started Lifebulb - We're committed to building an organization that truly allows therapists to get back to enjoying their work, so you, our client, can receive the highest quality therapy services, whether in person at one of our locations or online through telehealth. We hire only highly trained and educated, licensed clinicians dedicated to the therapy process. We're confident we can help you achieve your therapy goals.
Working with us you'll get results. Because we believe you're best served by a clinician who's passionate about not only their work, but who they work with as well. That's why we started Lifebulb - We're committed to building an organization that truly allows therapists to get back to enjoying their work, so you, our client, can receive the highest quality therapy services, whether in person at one of our locations or online through telehealth. We hire only highly trained and educated, licensed clinicians dedicated to the therapy process. We're confident we can help you achieve your therapy goals.
(571) 604-5146 View (571) 604-5146
Photo of Alexandra Coughlin, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Alexandra Coughlin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Clifton, VA 20124
Working with us you'll get results. Because we believe you're best served by a clinician who's passionate about not only their work, but who they work with as well. That's why we started Lifebulb - We're committed to building an organization that truly allows therapists to get back to enjoying their work, so you, our client, can receive the highest quality therapy services, whether in person at one of our locations or online through telehealth. We hire only highly trained and educated, licensed clinicians dedicated to the therapy process. We're confident we can help you achieve your therapy goals.
Working with us you'll get results. Because we believe you're best served by a clinician who's passionate about not only their work, but who they work with as well. That's why we started Lifebulb - We're committed to building an organization that truly allows therapists to get back to enjoying their work, so you, our client, can receive the highest quality therapy services, whether in person at one of our locations or online through telehealth. We hire only highly trained and educated, licensed clinicians dedicated to the therapy process. We're confident we can help you achieve your therapy goals.
(571) 604-6927 View (571) 604-6927
Photo of Cynthia Sherman, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Cynthia Sherman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Clifton, VA 20124
Working with us you'll get results. Because we believe you're best served by a clinician who's passionate about not only their work, but who they work with as well. That's why we started Lifebulb - We're committed to building an organization that truly allows therapists to get back to enjoying their work, so you, our client, can receive the highest quality therapy services, whether in person at one of our locations or online through telehealth. We hire only highly trained and educated, licensed clinicians dedicated to the therapy process. We're confident we can help you achieve your therapy goals.
Working with us you'll get results. Because we believe you're best served by a clinician who's passionate about not only their work, but who they work with as well. That's why we started Lifebulb - We're committed to building an organization that truly allows therapists to get back to enjoying their work, so you, our client, can receive the highest quality therapy services, whether in person at one of our locations or online through telehealth. We hire only highly trained and educated, licensed clinicians dedicated to the therapy process. We're confident we can help you achieve your therapy goals.
(571) 630-3683 View (571) 630-3683
Photo of Ashley Patrican, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Ashley Patrican
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Clifton, VA 20124
Working with us you'll get results. Because we believe you're best served by a clinician who's passionate about not only their work, but who they work with as well. That's why we started Lifebulb - We're committed to building an organization that truly allows therapists to get back to enjoying their work, so you, our client, can receive the highest quality therapy services, whether in person at one of our locations or online through telehealth. We hire only highly trained and educated, licensed clinicians dedicated to the therapy process. We're confident we can help you achieve your therapy goals.
Working with us you'll get results. Because we believe you're best served by a clinician who's passionate about not only their work, but who they work with as well. That's why we started Lifebulb - We're committed to building an organization that truly allows therapists to get back to enjoying their work, so you, our client, can receive the highest quality therapy services, whether in person at one of our locations or online through telehealth. We hire only highly trained and educated, licensed clinicians dedicated to the therapy process. We're confident we can help you achieve your therapy goals.
(571) 556-7658 View (571) 556-7658
Photo of Vanessa Quiroz, Pre-Licensed Professional
Vanessa Quiroz
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Clifton, VA 20124
The only thing that is certain about life is change. Along with life can various transitions that can come with certain obstacles and challenges. Without the knowledge or tools how to navigate them, and most importantly, support, it can feel even more difficult. That’s where therapy can become a guiding light. My goal is to foster emotional well-being and personal growth with a holistic approach through a multicultural lens. That being said, there is no blanket statement and each client will be looked at individually for their unique strengths and abilities with a client-centered approach.
The only thing that is certain about life is change. Along with life can various transitions that can come with certain obstacles and challenges. Without the knowledge or tools how to navigate them, and most importantly, support, it can feel even more difficult. That’s where therapy can become a guiding light. My goal is to foster emotional well-being and personal growth with a holistic approach through a multicultural lens. That being said, there is no blanket statement and each client will be looked at individually for their unique strengths and abilities with a client-centered approach.
(571) 378-5793 View (571) 378-5793
Photo of Taylor, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Taylor Taylor
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Clifton, VA 20124
Working with us you'll get results. Because we believe you're best served by a clinician who's passionate about not only their work, but who they work with as well. That's why we started Lifebulb - We're committed to building an organization that truly allows therapists to get back to enjoying their work, so you, our client, can receive the highest quality therapy services, whether in person at one of our locations or online through telehealth. We hire only highly trained and educated, licensed clinicians dedicated to the therapy process. We're confident we can help you achieve your therapy goals.
Working with us you'll get results. Because we believe you're best served by a clinician who's passionate about not only their work, but who they work with as well. That's why we started Lifebulb - We're committed to building an organization that truly allows therapists to get back to enjoying their work, so you, our client, can receive the highest quality therapy services, whether in person at one of our locations or online through telehealth. We hire only highly trained and educated, licensed clinicians dedicated to the therapy process. We're confident we can help you achieve your therapy goals.
(571) 604-5954 View (571) 604-5954
Photo of Stacie Kruzinski, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Stacie Kruzinski
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Clifton, VA 20124
Working with us you'll get results. Because we believe you're best served by a clinician who's passionate about not only their work, but who they work with as well. That's why we started Lifebulb - We're committed to building an organization that truly allows therapists to get back to enjoying their work, so you, our client, can receive the highest quality therapy services, whether in person at one of our locations or online through telehealth. We hire only highly trained and educated, licensed clinicians dedicated to the therapy process. We're confident we can help you achieve your therapy goals.
Working with us you'll get results. Because we believe you're best served by a clinician who's passionate about not only their work, but who they work with as well. That's why we started Lifebulb - We're committed to building an organization that truly allows therapists to get back to enjoying their work, so you, our client, can receive the highest quality therapy services, whether in person at one of our locations or online through telehealth. We hire only highly trained and educated, licensed clinicians dedicated to the therapy process. We're confident we can help you achieve your therapy goals.
(571) 462-2116 View (571) 462-2116
Photo of Ebony Harrison, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Ebony Harrison
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Clifton, VA 20124
Working with us you'll get results. Because we believe you're best served by a clinician who's passionate about not only their work, but who they work with as well. That's why we started Lifebulb - We're committed to building an organization that truly allows therapists to get back to enjoying their work, so you, our client, can receive the highest quality therapy services, whether in person at one of our locations or online through telehealth. We hire only highly trained and educated, licensed clinicians dedicated to the therapy process. We're confident we can help you achieve your therapy goals.
Working with us you'll get results. Because we believe you're best served by a clinician who's passionate about not only their work, but who they work with as well. That's why we started Lifebulb - We're committed to building an organization that truly allows therapists to get back to enjoying their work, so you, our client, can receive the highest quality therapy services, whether in person at one of our locations or online through telehealth. We hire only highly trained and educated, licensed clinicians dedicated to the therapy process. We're confident we can help you achieve your therapy goals.
(571) 568-7529 View (571) 568-7529
Photo of Linda Barker, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Linda Barker
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Clifton, VA 20124
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) serving clients throughout Virginia. I have worked in multiple areas of behavioral health and health care in the Richmond area for over twenty-five years. I work with adult clients in individual therapy and couples therapy. I work with adult clients, individually and in couples therapy.
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) serving clients throughout Virginia. I have worked in multiple areas of behavioral health and health care in the Richmond area for over twenty-five years. I work with adult clients in individual therapy and couples therapy. I work with adult clients, individually and in couples therapy.
(757) 384-1640 View (757) 384-1640
Photo of Claire D Felps, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Claire D Felps
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Clifton, VA 20124
It is not easy to ask for help, but in working with me you will find a safe, compassionate, and accepting space that fosters growth and personal development. My strengths-focused approach relies on mindfulness, insight and working to help get you unstuck. I take a holistic approach in working with issues of anxiety and depression, postpartum depression and anxiety, infertility, life transitions, parent coaching, and persistent relationship or family difficulties. I am a safe place where you can explore the past and we will work to build the future you choose from a place of love and compassion.
It is not easy to ask for help, but in working with me you will find a safe, compassionate, and accepting space that fosters growth and personal development. My strengths-focused approach relies on mindfulness, insight and working to help get you unstuck. I take a holistic approach in working with issues of anxiety and depression, postpartum depression and anxiety, infertility, life transitions, parent coaching, and persistent relationship or family difficulties. I am a safe place where you can explore the past and we will work to build the future you choose from a place of love and compassion.
(703) 372-9038 View (703) 372-9038
Photo of Terra Jones-Steele, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Terra Jones-Steele
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Clifton, VA 20124
Working with us you'll get results. Because we believe you're best served by a clinician who's passionate about not only their work, but who they work with as well. That's why we started Lifebulb - We're committed to building an organization that truly allows therapists to get back to enjoying their work, so you, our client, can receive the highest quality therapy services, whether in person at one of our locations or online through telehealth. We hire only highly trained and educated, licensed clinicians dedicated to the therapy process. We're confident we can help you achieve your therapy goals.
Working with us you'll get results. Because we believe you're best served by a clinician who's passionate about not only their work, but who they work with as well. That's why we started Lifebulb - We're committed to building an organization that truly allows therapists to get back to enjoying their work, so you, our client, can receive the highest quality therapy services, whether in person at one of our locations or online through telehealth. We hire only highly trained and educated, licensed clinicians dedicated to the therapy process. We're confident we can help you achieve your therapy goals.
(571) 568-9408 View (571) 568-9408
Photo of Hela Baer, LCSW, E-RYT, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Hela Baer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, E-RYT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Clifton, VA 20124
Hello! I’m a relational and integrative therapist specializing in trauma-informed mindbody practices, therapy incorporating nature and equines, and neurodivergent-affirming and lgbtqia+ affirming care. I work with teens and adults with a wide range of experiences and backgrounds, with a focus on trauma and loss, anxiety, depression, relationship patterns, family dynamics, dual identities, and lived experiences within our evolving socio-political landscape. My approach entails a combination of self-exploration, relational and somatic co-regulation, and resilience building through compassion and mutual empowerment.
Hello! I’m a relational and integrative therapist specializing in trauma-informed mindbody practices, therapy incorporating nature and equines, and neurodivergent-affirming and lgbtqia+ affirming care. I work with teens and adults with a wide range of experiences and backgrounds, with a focus on trauma and loss, anxiety, depression, relationship patterns, family dynamics, dual identities, and lived experiences within our evolving socio-political landscape. My approach entails a combination of self-exploration, relational and somatic co-regulation, and resilience building through compassion and mutual empowerment.
(703) 643-4730 View (703) 643-4730
1

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 20124

30+

Average cost per session

$175

Therapists in 20124 who prioritize treating:

100% Depression
100% Anxiety
89% Trauma and PTSD
86% Relationship Issues
84% Self Esteem
84% Life Transitions
81% Grief

Average years in practice

13 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

86% BlueCross and BlueShield
82% Anthem
68% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in 20124 see their clients

84% In Person and Online
16% Online Only

Gender breakdown

92% Female
8% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 20124?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.