Photo of Angela L. Conner - Angela Conner-True Beginnings Therapy, LLC, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Angela Conner-True Beginnings Therapy, LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Manassas, VA 20112  (Online Only)
Welcome, and thank you for stopping by! My name is Angela Conner, and I am a Licensed Professional Counselor with over 18 years of mental health experience working with children, adolescents, families, and adults within the home, school, outpatient, partial hospitalization, Foster care, and residential settings. My clients suffer with depression- sadness, hopelessness, low motivation, poor appetite, sleep, and concentration and/or anxiety- feeling tense, nervous, unable to relax, trouble concentrating or making decisions. Their goal is to decrease these symptoms and create a positive and purposeful relationship within themselves.
Welcome, and thank you for stopping by! My name is Angela Conner, and I am a Licensed Professional Counselor with over 18 years of mental health experience working with children, adolescents, families, and adults within the home, school, outpatient, partial hospitalization, Foster care, and residential settings. My clients suffer with depression- sadness, hopelessness, low motivation, poor appetite, sleep, and concentration and/or anxiety- feeling tense, nervous, unable to relax, trouble concentrating or making decisions. Their goal is to decrease these symptoms and create a positive and purposeful relationship within themselves.
(571) 583-4077 View (571) 583-4077
Photo of Cynthia Holshoe, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Cynthia Holshoe
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Manassas, VA 20112
Hi there, I'm Cynthia, a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in the state of Virginia. As a clinical social worker with over 30 years of experience, I have provided therapeutic services to all age groups utilizing a range of modalities including motivational interviewing, CBT, EMDR, and prolonged exposure. I specialize in anxiety, depression, and trauma and have extensive work experience with military active duty and their dependents. If you think we may be a good match, please reach out today to get started!
Hi there, I'm Cynthia, a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in the state of Virginia. As a clinical social worker with over 30 years of experience, I have provided therapeutic services to all age groups utilizing a range of modalities including motivational interviewing, CBT, EMDR, and prolonged exposure. I specialize in anxiety, depression, and trauma and have extensive work experience with military active duty and their dependents. If you think we may be a good match, please reach out today to get started!
(804) 294-2696 View (804) 294-2696
Photo of Tonia Taylor, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Tonia Taylor
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Manassas, VA 20112
Hello! My name is Tonia Taylor and I am a LCSW clinician in Virginia. I have over 27 years of clinical experience working with adolescents and adults with mental health, substance use and/or addiction issues. I identify as a Cognitive Behavioral therapist and utilize Motivational Interviewing and Brief, Solution-Focused strategies to help my clients reach their therapy goal(s) within a reasonable timeframe. I work with clients to increase coping with depression, anxiety, anger, & other intense emotions, and help them make progress with increasing their motivation to address substance issues and addiction.
Hello! My name is Tonia Taylor and I am a LCSW clinician in Virginia. I have over 27 years of clinical experience working with adolescents and adults with mental health, substance use and/or addiction issues. I identify as a Cognitive Behavioral therapist and utilize Motivational Interviewing and Brief, Solution-Focused strategies to help my clients reach their therapy goal(s) within a reasonable timeframe. I work with clients to increase coping with depression, anxiety, anger, & other intense emotions, and help them make progress with increasing their motivation to address substance issues and addiction.
(571) 609-3639 View (571) 609-3639
Photo of Julie C Brown, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Julie C Brown
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Manassas, VA 20112
Finding a therapist to help you to make progress with your goals can feel daunting. I want to put you at ease and walk with you as you pursue change. I'm a Licensed Professional Counselor who loves to help clients to discover what may have them feeling stuck or overwhelmed and collaborate with them to make progress.
Finding a therapist to help you to make progress with your goals can feel daunting. I want to put you at ease and walk with you as you pursue change. I'm a Licensed Professional Counselor who loves to help clients to discover what may have them feeling stuck or overwhelmed and collaborate with them to make progress.
(571) 257-2523 x2 View (571) 257-2523 x2
Photo of Kerrian McKay, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kerrian McKay
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Manassas, VA 20112
I coach individuals who struggle with relationship issues, anxiety and depression. I help individuals develop healthy skills to tackle life and their relationships. I understand the stress of feeling consumed by life, the emotional exhaustion of navigating difficult relationships. I can relate to feeling confused, stuck, unsure of next steps, afraid of uncertainty and the unknown. I know grief, what it feels like to avoid life instead of living it. I'm here to support you.
I coach individuals who struggle with relationship issues, anxiety and depression. I help individuals develop healthy skills to tackle life and their relationships. I understand the stress of feeling consumed by life, the emotional exhaustion of navigating difficult relationships. I can relate to feeling confused, stuck, unsure of next steps, afraid of uncertainty and the unknown. I know grief, what it feels like to avoid life instead of living it. I'm here to support you.
(571) 701-1594 View (571) 701-1594
Photo of Shealyn Clinger, MA, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Shealyn Clinger
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Manassas, VA 20112  (Online Only)
I believe that therapy is a collaborative process between the client and the therapist who work together towards realistic, measurable, and attainable goals. The first step to making lasting change is awareness, if you’re here, you’ve already taken that first step. A behaviorist by nature, my approach includes trauma informed care with sessions structured around providing goal directed, solution focused cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT).
I believe that therapy is a collaborative process between the client and the therapist who work together towards realistic, measurable, and attainable goals. The first step to making lasting change is awareness, if you’re here, you’ve already taken that first step. A behaviorist by nature, my approach includes trauma informed care with sessions structured around providing goal directed, solution focused cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT).
(571) 351-1071 View (571) 351-1071
Photo of Kelly Austin - Brookside Family Therapy, MS, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Brookside Family Therapy
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Manassas, VA 20112
Are you struggling with decision overload? Feeling overwhelmed just getting through the day? Do you have concerns your family and friends might be tired of hearing about? Kelly and the therapy dogs are great at creating a calm and welcoming atmosphere where you can feel safe sharing whatever is on your mind. Together, we can help you make plans to move forward in your life in a satisfying way. Each of us goes through many changes as individuals, as part of a relationship and perhaps a family. Sometimes we need help navigating those changes and making sure they are healthy. Sometimes we need help!
Are you struggling with decision overload? Feeling overwhelmed just getting through the day? Do you have concerns your family and friends might be tired of hearing about? Kelly and the therapy dogs are great at creating a calm and welcoming atmosphere where you can feel safe sharing whatever is on your mind. Together, we can help you make plans to move forward in your life in a satisfying way. Each of us goes through many changes as individuals, as part of a relationship and perhaps a family. Sometimes we need help navigating those changes and making sure they are healthy. Sometimes we need help!
(571) 620-5748 View (571) 620-5748
Photo of Elizabeth S Wyman - Magnolia Healing Hearts Counseling Center LLC, MSPSYCH, MSCMHC, LPC, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Magnolia Healing Hearts Counseling Center LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, MSPSYCH, MSCMHC, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Manassas, VA 20112
We now are entering life after the pandemic. Trying to navigate can be hard at times. Elizabeth helps you navigate through all the stresses and anxieties of life. Elizabeth specializes in anxiety, depression, bipolar, substance abuse, grief and loss and many more mental health issues. Elizabeth brings to the table years of experience working with individuals who have difficulties with their mental health.
We now are entering life after the pandemic. Trying to navigate can be hard at times. Elizabeth helps you navigate through all the stresses and anxieties of life. Elizabeth specializes in anxiety, depression, bipolar, substance abuse, grief and loss and many more mental health issues. Elizabeth brings to the table years of experience working with individuals who have difficulties with their mental health.
(571) 470-6593 View (571) 470-6593
Photo of Christa M Denny, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Christa M Denny
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Manassas, VA 20112
The modern world we live in is difficult to navigate especially on our own. For most of us, the relationships we have during our lifespan will be the most important and difficult challenges we face. The relationship not only with others, but the relationship we have with ourselves, and we are expected to navigate these experiences with little to no support. I believe we are the experts of our own being. Our body, mind and spirit are all connected and if we learn to listen to ourselves, we can figure out what is missing and what we need to heal. I enjoy working with clients with varying cultural backgrounds to establish a safe bond.
The modern world we live in is difficult to navigate especially on our own. For most of us, the relationships we have during our lifespan will be the most important and difficult challenges we face. The relationship not only with others, but the relationship we have with ourselves, and we are expected to navigate these experiences with little to no support. I believe we are the experts of our own being. Our body, mind and spirit are all connected and if we learn to listen to ourselves, we can figure out what is missing and what we need to heal. I enjoy working with clients with varying cultural backgrounds to establish a safe bond.
(571) 583-5482 View (571) 583-5482
Photo of Laveena Khanchandani, PsyD, Psychologist
Laveena Khanchandani
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Manassas, VA 20112
Seeking therapy can often be a difficult decision and can create anxiety and ambiguity about what the process will entail. However, Dr. Khanchandani functions from the foundation for a positive experience in therapy which first begins with establishing a safe and trusting therapeutic relationship. Doing so, can encourage positive growth towards goals. Therapy is facilitated with transparency about what to expect from the process and goals are formulated collaboratively. Interventions are recommended based on individual's goals and needs. Effective and open communication is encouraged about therapeutic process and progress on goals
Seeking therapy can often be a difficult decision and can create anxiety and ambiguity about what the process will entail. However, Dr. Khanchandani functions from the foundation for a positive experience in therapy which first begins with establishing a safe and trusting therapeutic relationship. Doing so, can encourage positive growth towards goals. Therapy is facilitated with transparency about what to expect from the process and goals are formulated collaboratively. Interventions are recommended based on individual's goals and needs. Effective and open communication is encouraged about therapeutic process and progress on goals
(571) 260-8034 View (571) 260-8034
Photo of Erin Janovec, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Erin Janovec
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Manassas, VA 20112
Hello! My name is Erin Janovec. I am a licensed professional counselor in Virginia. My approach to therapy is a humanistic and integrated approach that considers each individual's unique needs. I am certified in EMDR and trained in TF-CBT. I have worked with clients ranging from young to old with varying diagnoses. I have experience working with individuals with substance use disorders, depression, anxiety, bipolar, OCD, PTSD, ADHD, and more.
Hello! My name is Erin Janovec. I am a licensed professional counselor in Virginia. My approach to therapy is a humanistic and integrated approach that considers each individual's unique needs. I am certified in EMDR and trained in TF-CBT. I have worked with clients ranging from young to old with varying diagnoses. I have experience working with individuals with substance use disorders, depression, anxiety, bipolar, OCD, PTSD, ADHD, and more.
(540) 264-9592 View (540) 264-9592
Photo of Keller Cosimano, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Keller Cosimano
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Manassas, VA 20112  (Online Only)
Whether you're navigating significant life transitions, struggling with anxiety and stress, or simply feeling stuck, I'm here to support you in finding greater clarity, confidence, and joy. As a millennial therapist, I bring a modern, relatable approach to therapy that's designed with you in mind. Whether you're navigating life's toughest challenges or celebrating your personal victories, I’m here to accompany you on your journey. I don't believe in a one-size-fits-all approach, instead working with each client to create a personalized plan that addresses their unique struggles and goals.
Whether you're navigating significant life transitions, struggling with anxiety and stress, or simply feeling stuck, I'm here to support you in finding greater clarity, confidence, and joy. As a millennial therapist, I bring a modern, relatable approach to therapy that's designed with you in mind. Whether you're navigating life's toughest challenges or celebrating your personal victories, I’m here to accompany you on your journey. I don't believe in a one-size-fits-all approach, instead working with each client to create a personalized plan that addresses their unique struggles and goals.
(571) 556-9904 View (571) 556-9904
Photo of Debra Tievsky, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Debra Tievsky
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Manassas, VA 20112  (Online Only)
I am a clinical social worker who has practiced in Virginia since 1987. I work with individuals, families, and couples to provide help coping with the stresses of everyday life as well as crisis situations. I have a lot of experience in treating anxiety and depression, using a cognitive-behavioral approach. Helping adult clients deal with past trauma is also one of my specialties. I currently am solely a teletherapy practice. If you have any questions about my practice, please feel free to contact me.
I am a clinical social worker who has practiced in Virginia since 1987. I work with individuals, families, and couples to provide help coping with the stresses of everyday life as well as crisis situations. I have a lot of experience in treating anxiety and depression, using a cognitive-behavioral approach. Helping adult clients deal with past trauma is also one of my specialties. I currently am solely a teletherapy practice. If you have any questions about my practice, please feel free to contact me.
(703) 831-6331 View (703) 831-6331
Photo of Gillian Clissold, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Gillian Clissold
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Manassas, VA 20112
I provide outpatient mental health therapy to individuals and groups age 13 and older, in both English and Spanish. I seek to empower clients to access their inner resources for change, and tailor therapeutic approaches to fit each individual client's challenges, culture, value system, learning style, and personality. I welcome clients experiencing depression, anxiety, addiction challenges, dissociation, trauma symptoms, mood swings, grief, LGBT issues, and family conflict.
I provide outpatient mental health therapy to individuals and groups age 13 and older, in both English and Spanish. I seek to empower clients to access their inner resources for change, and tailor therapeutic approaches to fit each individual client's challenges, culture, value system, learning style, and personality. I welcome clients experiencing depression, anxiety, addiction challenges, dissociation, trauma symptoms, mood swings, grief, LGBT issues, and family conflict.
(703) 991-7561 View (703) 991-7561
Photo of Gina S. Binder, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Gina S. Binder
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Manassas, VA 20112
Do you struggle with anxiety, depression, or a relationship problem? Depression can steal your joy and drain your hope. Excessive worry and anxiety can choke the fun out of life and limit your forward movement. Panic attacks can disrupt your days and nights, Fear of humiliation or embarrassment can be so intense that it isolates you from normal social activities. Whether you're married or not, lack of trust, a lost connection, or a poor communication style can take your relationship near its breaking point.
Do you struggle with anxiety, depression, or a relationship problem? Depression can steal your joy and drain your hope. Excessive worry and anxiety can choke the fun out of life and limit your forward movement. Panic attacks can disrupt your days and nights, Fear of humiliation or embarrassment can be so intense that it isolates you from normal social activities. Whether you're married or not, lack of trust, a lost connection, or a poor communication style can take your relationship near its breaking point.
(571) 222-4687 View (571) 222-4687
Photo of Mishawn Glover, Pre-Licensed Professional
Mishawn Glover
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
Manassas, VA 20112
I am a Resident in Counseling providing services under the supervision of Gillian Clissold, Licensed Professional Counselor. I provide services to clients age 5 to adult, with a particular focus on children and adolescents. I have extensive experience in church counseling ministries, non-profits, community-based mental health services and behavioral health hospitals. I am certified in Clinical Trauma, Nurturing Parent Facilitation, Youth Trauma Treatment, Family Trauma, and Non-Violent Crisis Intervention. I am currently working towards my certification in Play Therapy.
I am a Resident in Counseling providing services under the supervision of Gillian Clissold, Licensed Professional Counselor. I provide services to clients age 5 to adult, with a particular focus on children and adolescents. I have extensive experience in church counseling ministries, non-profits, community-based mental health services and behavioral health hospitals. I am certified in Clinical Trauma, Nurturing Parent Facilitation, Youth Trauma Treatment, Family Trauma, and Non-Violent Crisis Intervention. I am currently working towards my certification in Play Therapy.
(571) 556-4789 View (571) 556-4789
Photo of Margarita Johnson, Licensed Professional Counselor
Margarita Johnson
Licensed Professional Counselor
Verified Verified
Manassas, VA 20112  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor, registered by the Virginia Board of Counseling. I provide therapy online via HIPAA-compliant encrypted video to clients ages 18 to adult who are appropriate for online services. I offer therapy in both English and Russian.
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor, registered by the Virginia Board of Counseling. I provide therapy online via HIPAA-compliant encrypted video to clients ages 18 to adult who are appropriate for online services. I offer therapy in both English and Russian.
(703) 215-9141 View (703) 215-9141
Kristi Madison
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC, LSATP, MAC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Manassas, VA 20112
I am a licensed professional counselor and a licensed substance abuse treatment practitioner.with close to 20 years of experience working with children, adolescents, and adults. I utilize empathy and a strengths-based approach with a variety of techniques to work with clients coping with mood disorders, anxiety, PTSD, and substance abuse. My office is a safe, supportive, and non-judgmental environment where an individual or family can explore their concerns without fear. I believe that it is my job to encourage and empower the clients who trust me to share in their journey.
I am a licensed professional counselor and a licensed substance abuse treatment practitioner.with close to 20 years of experience working with children, adolescents, and adults. I utilize empathy and a strengths-based approach with a variety of techniques to work with clients coping with mood disorders, anxiety, PTSD, and substance abuse. My office is a safe, supportive, and non-judgmental environment where an individual or family can explore their concerns without fear. I believe that it is my job to encourage and empower the clients who trust me to share in their journey.
(571) 642-3289 View (571) 642-3289
Photo of Nicole Ronayne, LPC, NCC, CCMHC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Nicole Ronayne
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC, CCMHC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Manassas, VA 20112
I am a dedicated/passionate/skilled and caring licensed professional counselor who believes in the healing power of connection, change, and individual empowerment. My approach is based on evidence-based theories that encourage personal exploration of ourselves, our experiences, and how we relate to others in order to gain valuable insight, awareness, and understanding. Clients working with me can expect a safe, validating, compassionate, empathic, confidential, genuine, and collaborative space where clients are encouraged to take the time for themselves and explore what matters most in their lives.
I am a dedicated/passionate/skilled and caring licensed professional counselor who believes in the healing power of connection, change, and individual empowerment. My approach is based on evidence-based theories that encourage personal exploration of ourselves, our experiences, and how we relate to others in order to gain valuable insight, awareness, and understanding. Clients working with me can expect a safe, validating, compassionate, empathic, confidential, genuine, and collaborative space where clients are encouraged to take the time for themselves and explore what matters most in their lives.
(571) 322-8059 View (571) 322-8059
Photo of Katie Rudzki, LCSW, CCTP, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Katie Rudzki
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CCTP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Manassas, VA 20112  (Online Only)
The therapeutic journey may include processing past experiences, then exploring how they impact current thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. It may include identifying distorted thinking patterns and challenging negative core beliefs. In part, I am here to listen. What are your issues, needs, goals? What has worked in the past, what has not? What do you want out of therapy? Generally, increasing self-esteem, developing adaptive coping skills and lowering distress are the overarching goals. Your individualized wants and needs are crucial to supportive talk therapy; and together, we can address them.
The therapeutic journey may include processing past experiences, then exploring how they impact current thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. It may include identifying distorted thinking patterns and challenging negative core beliefs. In part, I am here to listen. What are your issues, needs, goals? What has worked in the past, what has not? What do you want out of therapy? Generally, increasing self-esteem, developing adaptive coping skills and lowering distress are the overarching goals. Your individualized wants and needs are crucial to supportive talk therapy; and together, we can address them.
(571) 410-3720 View (571) 410-3720

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 20112

20+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in 20112 who prioritize treating:

90% Anxiety
85% Depression
70% Coping Skills
70% Stress
65% Relationship Issues
65% Trauma and PTSD
60% Self Esteem

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

89% CareFirst
84% Anthem
74% BlueCross and BlueShield

How Therapists in 20112 see their clients

70% In Person and Online
30% Online Only

Gender breakdown

100% Female
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 20112?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.