Photo of Tara Connor Gutgesell - Tara C. Gutgesell, MA, LPC, LLC, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Tara C. Gutgesell, MA, LPC, LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
It's a hard decision to start therapy. Committing to yourself is a big deal particularly when time feels so limited by life's demands. At times we find ourselves so stressed, overwhelmed, depressed, and/or anxious. It's not easy to consider taking time out for ourselves. If you are ready for therapy, whether it be a life transition, stress, relationship issues, and/or anxiety; consider an approach that evaluates all aspects of your life. Collaborating together, I offer comprehensive therapy with years of experience and fresh evidence based preservatives.
It's a hard decision to start therapy. Committing to yourself is a big deal particularly when time feels so limited by life's demands. At times we find ourselves so stressed, overwhelmed, depressed, and/or anxious. It's not easy to consider taking time out for ourselves. If you are ready for therapy, whether it be a life transition, stress, relationship issues, and/or anxiety; consider an approach that evaluates all aspects of your life. Collaborating together, I offer comprehensive therapy with years of experience and fresh evidence based preservatives.
(215) 398-7604 View (215) 398-7604
Photo of Esther Kaplin, MA, Counselor
Esther Kaplin
Counselor, MA
Not Verified Not Verified
Whatever your concerns, whether related to an addiction, depression and anxiety, or relationship and family issues, I will help you find practical solutions that create meaningful change. As a psychotherapist, my role is to guide and support you in understanding and resolving issues.
Whatever your concerns, whether related to an addiction, depression and anxiety, or relationship and family issues, I will help you find practical solutions that create meaningful change. As a psychotherapist, my role is to guide and support you in understanding and resolving issues.
(215) 995-1183 View (215) 995-1183
Photo of Amy Kempe, LPC, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Amy Kempe
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
I work best with clients looking to make changes in their lives but may be uncertain about how to do so. I support clients with identifying patterns of coping skills that are no longer helpful, setting boundaries, increasing confidence, and finding empowerment through authenticity. My clients often come to therapy for varied reasons; some may feel stuck, alone, or confused, while others may want a safe and open space to explore what they want out of life. I support clients through their growth in healing past hurts, achieving goals, and finding strength by embracing an authentic life. I specialize in life stress, anxiety, and PTSD.
I work best with clients looking to make changes in their lives but may be uncertain about how to do so. I support clients with identifying patterns of coping skills that are no longer helpful, setting boundaries, increasing confidence, and finding empowerment through authenticity. My clients often come to therapy for varied reasons; some may feel stuck, alone, or confused, while others may want a safe and open space to explore what they want out of life. I support clients through their growth in healing past hurts, achieving goals, and finding strength by embracing an authentic life. I specialize in life stress, anxiety, and PTSD.
(484) 446-5868 View (484) 446-5868
Photo of Rina V Maschler, Psychologist
Rina V Maschler
Psychologist
Verified Verified
Sometimes painful experiences that have not been processed impact adjustment in our present lives. Sometimes recent loss or trauma may impact an individual or family. As a clinical psychologist who has worked in community mental health and privately, I am comfortable with a wide range of clients. I am effective working in a playful way with young children, and understand that often they may need less direct and more developmentally accessible ways to tackle the challenges that bring them in. I enjoy work with adults using more exploratory approaches and work with parents helping them develop skill and confidence in this role
Sometimes painful experiences that have not been processed impact adjustment in our present lives. Sometimes recent loss or trauma may impact an individual or family. As a clinical psychologist who has worked in community mental health and privately, I am comfortable with a wide range of clients. I am effective working in a playful way with young children, and understand that often they may need less direct and more developmentally accessible ways to tackle the challenges that bring them in. I enjoy work with adults using more exploratory approaches and work with parents helping them develop skill and confidence in this role
(267) 214-0831 View (267) 214-0831
Photo of Elizabeth Baker, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Elizabeth Baker
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Lafayette Hill, PA 19444  (Online Only)
I believe mental wellness is an essential part of an individual's total well being. It involves developing a favorable outlook, including positive thoughts and self talk. And mental wellness includes understanding your strengths, growth opportunities, and the tools in your mental wellness toolbox!
I believe mental wellness is an essential part of an individual's total well being. It involves developing a favorable outlook, including positive thoughts and self talk. And mental wellness includes understanding your strengths, growth opportunities, and the tools in your mental wellness toolbox!
(610) 756-8914 View (610) 756-8914
Photo of Siobhan McEnaney-Hayes, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Siobhan McEnaney-Hayes
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
My emphasis is on strengthening your relationships through exploration of relational fairness, trust, and loyalty. Particular focus is on discerning your own relational ground and terms for living while reconnecting with those who matter to you and recognizing their merit. Licensed as an LMFT, I have clinical experience (over 2000 individuals, couples, families) in diverse settings including independent practice, Waldorf schools, court, health care, academia. I can work with you on re-balancing relationships, challenges during uncertain times, stress, anxiety, grief/loss, career/life/parenting transitions and spiritual crossroads.
My emphasis is on strengthening your relationships through exploration of relational fairness, trust, and loyalty. Particular focus is on discerning your own relational ground and terms for living while reconnecting with those who matter to you and recognizing their merit. Licensed as an LMFT, I have clinical experience (over 2000 individuals, couples, families) in diverse settings including independent practice, Waldorf schools, court, health care, academia. I can work with you on re-balancing relationships, challenges during uncertain times, stress, anxiety, grief/loss, career/life/parenting transitions and spiritual crossroads.
(484) 494-2607 View (484) 494-2607
Photo of Sean Smith, MA, MEd, LPC, CAADC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Sean Smith
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, MEd, LPC, CAADC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
My specializations are working with adolescents, young adults, and adults struggling with substance abuse and mental health issues. Common struggles I work with are Mood Disorders/Depression/Anxiety/ADHD, etc. I am also strong in helping students having school challenges, whether they are mental health or academic performance-related and pull from my previous experience as a Teacher of 8 years. Another area that I have a multitude of experience with is helping individuals cope with the difficulties that are certain to accompany a Traumatic Brain injury.
My specializations are working with adolescents, young adults, and adults struggling with substance abuse and mental health issues. Common struggles I work with are Mood Disorders/Depression/Anxiety/ADHD, etc. I am also strong in helping students having school challenges, whether they are mental health or academic performance-related and pull from my previous experience as a Teacher of 8 years. Another area that I have a multitude of experience with is helping individuals cope with the difficulties that are certain to accompany a Traumatic Brain injury.
(610) 285-1881 View (610) 285-1881
Photo of Tamara K. Smith, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Tamara K. Smith
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Lafayette Hill, PA 19444  (Online Only)
Tamara Smith is a Licensed Clinical social worker who practices in the state of Pennsylvania. She has experience in providing therapeutic support for adolescents and adults who are facing some of life's most difficult challenges. Tamara has worked in the mental health field for over 11 years and has worked in various settings which has allowed her to gain experience within different populations. Tamara has a passion for helping others heal and has the ability to tailor her treatment approaches suitable to the clients needs.
Tamara Smith is a Licensed Clinical social worker who practices in the state of Pennsylvania. She has experience in providing therapeutic support for adolescents and adults who are facing some of life's most difficult challenges. Tamara has worked in the mental health field for over 11 years and has worked in various settings which has allowed her to gain experience within different populations. Tamara has a passion for helping others heal and has the ability to tailor her treatment approaches suitable to the clients needs.
(610) 615-0833 View (610) 615-0833
Photo of Eric Griffin-Shelley - The Growth and Recovery Center, PhD, Psychologist
The Growth and Recovery Center
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
At The Growth and Recovery Center, we believe that everyone can improve their lives. We assist this process through support, insight, and direction. We offer telehealth and in person counseling for a wide variety of problems and situations. Our growing staff of psychologists, social workers, and professional counselors provide caring, compassionate, and insightful guidance through emotional and personal difficulties.
At The Growth and Recovery Center, we believe that everyone can improve their lives. We assist this process through support, insight, and direction. We offer telehealth and in person counseling for a wide variety of problems and situations. Our growing staff of psychologists, social workers, and professional counselors provide caring, compassionate, and insightful guidance through emotional and personal difficulties.
(610) 365-4760 View (610) 365-4760
Photo of Jessica Getson, LPC, C-DBT, Licensed Professional Counselor
Jessica Getson
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, C-DBT
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
People enter therapy at all levels of readiness for change. While some people are ready for immediate change, others need time to process their readiness. Ambivalence is understandable in a client's journey. My non-judgmental approach helps clients explore potential barriers to change in order to help them make positive life choices. The therapeutic alliance is absolutely central to the work that is done and the outcomes that are achieved. I create an environment that allows safety, promotes a sense of compassion and empathy and fosters trust. When the therapeutic relationship is strong, clients are empowered to work towards change.
People enter therapy at all levels of readiness for change. While some people are ready for immediate change, others need time to process their readiness. Ambivalence is understandable in a client's journey. My non-judgmental approach helps clients explore potential barriers to change in order to help them make positive life choices. The therapeutic alliance is absolutely central to the work that is done and the outcomes that are achieved. I create an environment that allows safety, promotes a sense of compassion and empathy and fosters trust. When the therapeutic relationship is strong, clients are empowered to work towards change.
(610) 915-8076 View (610) 915-8076
Photo of Jodi K Silverman, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jodi K Silverman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
You are at a point in your life where you realize that something has to change. Sometimes this awareness stems from a traumatic event, a spiritual awakening, an interpersonal betrayal, a stressful life transition (good or bad) or simply an aha moment. You may feel anxious, depressed, confused, disconnected and alone. You have tried seeking clarity through meditation, exercise, religion, talking with friends or clergy and yet life still feels meaningless and unfulfilling. You are searching for purpose, connection, and access to your Inner Wisdom because you know there is something more to this experience here on earth.
You are at a point in your life where you realize that something has to change. Sometimes this awareness stems from a traumatic event, a spiritual awakening, an interpersonal betrayal, a stressful life transition (good or bad) or simply an aha moment. You may feel anxious, depressed, confused, disconnected and alone. You have tried seeking clarity through meditation, exercise, religion, talking with friends or clergy and yet life still feels meaningless and unfulfilling. You are searching for purpose, connection, and access to your Inner Wisdom because you know there is something more to this experience here on earth.
(215) 883-4218 View (215) 883-4218
Photo of Beth Waks, LMFT, LSW, Marriage & Family Therapist
Beth Waks
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, LSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
My work has been devoted to helping people work through relationship issues. Often clients enter therapy feeling lonely, depressed, or anxious. I hope to help clients feel comfortable with therapy and to begin to learn more about their early experiences, which may have led to negative thoughts and/or difficulty in relationships. I utilize EFT (Emotionally Focused Therapy for Couples) to help clients understand how their underlying feelings may result in behaviors which contribute to unsatisfying relationships. My ultimate goal is to help clients change negative patterns and find more comfort and closeness in their lives.
My work has been devoted to helping people work through relationship issues. Often clients enter therapy feeling lonely, depressed, or anxious. I hope to help clients feel comfortable with therapy and to begin to learn more about their early experiences, which may have led to negative thoughts and/or difficulty in relationships. I utilize EFT (Emotionally Focused Therapy for Couples) to help clients understand how their underlying feelings may result in behaviors which contribute to unsatisfying relationships. My ultimate goal is to help clients change negative patterns and find more comfort and closeness in their lives.
(610) 915-8893 View (610) 915-8893
Photo of Catherine Marshall Bean, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Catherine Marshall Bean
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Are you or a loved one struggling with loss of focus and inablility to complete projects? Are you and your adolescent feeling disconnected? Are you suffering from a traumatic loss? Are you struggling with a divorce or challenges being in a step family? Do you feel isolated and misunderstood in your role as a single parent? Are you chronically worried or anxious? Are you worried you won't recover from an eating disorder? Do you or your loved one struggle with an addiction? Are you looking for communication or conflict/resolution strategies to enhance your intimate relationship?
Are you or a loved one struggling with loss of focus and inablility to complete projects? Are you and your adolescent feeling disconnected? Are you suffering from a traumatic loss? Are you struggling with a divorce or challenges being in a step family? Do you feel isolated and misunderstood in your role as a single parent? Are you chronically worried or anxious? Are you worried you won't recover from an eating disorder? Do you or your loved one struggle with an addiction? Are you looking for communication or conflict/resolution strategies to enhance your intimate relationship?
(215) 718-7401 View (215) 718-7401
Photo of Tiffany Griffiths - Integrated Behavioral Health Services, LLC, PsyD, Psychologist
Integrated Behavioral Health Services, LLC
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Integrated Behavioral Health Services LLC, an affiliate of Tiffany Griffiths, PsyD & Associates, Inc. provides integrated and evidence-based psychological, counseling, assessment, and wellness services for individuals, families, and groups. We believe in a holistic approach to the wellness of mind, body, and spirit. Our experienced and skilled clinical staff work with children, adolescents, adults, couples, and families. The associates in the practice have diverse backgrounds, interests, and training. No matter what problem or difficulty with which you present, someone in our group can assist you.
Integrated Behavioral Health Services LLC, an affiliate of Tiffany Griffiths, PsyD & Associates, Inc. provides integrated and evidence-based psychological, counseling, assessment, and wellness services for individuals, families, and groups. We believe in a holistic approach to the wellness of mind, body, and spirit. Our experienced and skilled clinical staff work with children, adolescents, adults, couples, and families. The associates in the practice have diverse backgrounds, interests, and training. No matter what problem or difficulty with which you present, someone in our group can assist you.
(610) 897-0524 View (610) 897-0524
Photo of Bryan H Cohen, MA, MEd, Psychologist
Bryan H Cohen
Psychologist, MA, MEd
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Life is a journey, and you are struggling to find your way. Together, we can help you get back on track. Perhaps you have found that you got knocked off the comfortable path you once knew. While you thought you were headed toward or maybe reached a certain destination, everything is now different and you aren't sure in which direction to head. Together we can work to reorient you and open up to possibilities you may never even imagined existed. Change, be it for the good or not, is often challenging to maneuver on our own. Psychotherapy can help.
Life is a journey, and you are struggling to find your way. Together, we can help you get back on track. Perhaps you have found that you got knocked off the comfortable path you once knew. While you thought you were headed toward or maybe reached a certain destination, everything is now different and you aren't sure in which direction to head. Together we can work to reorient you and open up to possibilities you may never even imagined existed. Change, be it for the good or not, is often challenging to maneuver on our own. Psychotherapy can help.
(267) 459-9027 View (267) 459-9027
Photo of Meredith Seltzer, MS, LPC, Counselor
Meredith Seltzer
Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
Lafayette Hill, PA 19444  (Online Only)
Today's world offers many challenges for individuals, families, and couples a like. Just like adults, teens can be under extreme stress, which takes its toll on their mental and emotional well-being. The stress can come from, the pressure to perform well in school/sports/activities, family, or from their own friendship/dating relationships. I also work with adults suffering from similar issues, as well as, stress due to family/relationship conflicts, job/career, etc. When I work with couples, they learn how to communicate more effectively with each other through practice with me and without me.
Today's world offers many challenges for individuals, families, and couples a like. Just like adults, teens can be under extreme stress, which takes its toll on their mental and emotional well-being. The stress can come from, the pressure to perform well in school/sports/activities, family, or from their own friendship/dating relationships. I also work with adults suffering from similar issues, as well as, stress due to family/relationship conflicts, job/career, etc. When I work with couples, they learn how to communicate more effectively with each other through practice with me and without me.
(610) 795-5216 View (610) 795-5216
Photo of Kala Lilani, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kala Lilani
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
People are confronted with challenges at various times in their life-cycle. Despite their best efforts, they may feel stuck, have relational difficulties and experience feelings of confusion, sadness, anxiety, depression, anger and other difficult and unpleasant emotions. I focus on assisting people in identifying unresolved issues enabling them to feel empowered, make changes reaching their healthiest potential to promote personal and relational healing. I work with adolescents, adults, seniors, couples and families.
People are confronted with challenges at various times in their life-cycle. Despite their best efforts, they may feel stuck, have relational difficulties and experience feelings of confusion, sadness, anxiety, depression, anger and other difficult and unpleasant emotions. I focus on assisting people in identifying unresolved issues enabling them to feel empowered, make changes reaching their healthiest potential to promote personal and relational healing. I work with adolescents, adults, seniors, couples and families.
(484) 324-6786 View (484) 324-6786
Photo of Lauren Heffler, MEd, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Lauren Heffler
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Not accepting new clients
I work with clients who want to break negative cycles, set healthier boundaries, increase confidence in decision-making, and embrace their authentic selves. I specialize in treating anxiety, trauma, and emotional abuse/neglect. My clients oftentimes make the decision to come to therapy when existing coping skills fail, and they're left feeling "stuck", "trapped", and "alone" in their experiences and shame-spirals. That's where I come in! I support clients with processing past hurts, establishing realistic goals, recognizing barriers, and introducing helpful techniques to move forward in a way that feels safe and supportive.
I work with clients who want to break negative cycles, set healthier boundaries, increase confidence in decision-making, and embrace their authentic selves. I specialize in treating anxiety, trauma, and emotional abuse/neglect. My clients oftentimes make the decision to come to therapy when existing coping skills fail, and they're left feeling "stuck", "trapped", and "alone" in their experiences and shame-spirals. That's where I come in! I support clients with processing past hurts, establishing realistic goals, recognizing barriers, and introducing helpful techniques to move forward in a way that feels safe and supportive.
(610) 894-7637 View (610) 894-7637
Photo of Lynne M Kaplan, PhD, Psychologist
Lynne M Kaplan
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Lafayette Hill, PA 19444  (Online Only)
I am a licensed clinical psychologist who provides therapy with respect, acceptance, and compassion in a setting that is safe and supportive. My goal is to make therapy a trusting, collaborative effort, helping people to create the change they seek in their lives. My particular areas of research, expertise and interest include: relationships and communication; grief and loss; the impact of chronic illness; struggles related to gender and sexuality; coping with transitions in life; and job related stressors particularly for healthcare providers.
I am a licensed clinical psychologist who provides therapy with respect, acceptance, and compassion in a setting that is safe and supportive. My goal is to make therapy a trusting, collaborative effort, helping people to create the change they seek in their lives. My particular areas of research, expertise and interest include: relationships and communication; grief and loss; the impact of chronic illness; struggles related to gender and sexuality; coping with transitions in life; and job related stressors particularly for healthcare providers.
(215) 987-4081 View (215) 987-4081
Photo of Britnee Mallory, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Britnee Mallory
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
On the surface, things are going well, but you constantly feel anxious or overwhelmed. Work, children, marriage, "life"- just keeps piling up, which is keeping you anxious, depressed, stressed, etc. So, how are you coping with these uncomfortable feelings? Just to name a few...is it substance use, isolation, overworking, avoidance, irritability, people pleasing? You are not alone, but it is time to find a healthy way to cope. You need to prioritize yourself and recognize something needs to change. After all, "nothing changes if nothing changes". Therapy is not something to dread, we can have fun and grow simultaneously.
On the surface, things are going well, but you constantly feel anxious or overwhelmed. Work, children, marriage, "life"- just keeps piling up, which is keeping you anxious, depressed, stressed, etc. So, how are you coping with these uncomfortable feelings? Just to name a few...is it substance use, isolation, overworking, avoidance, irritability, people pleasing? You are not alone, but it is time to find a healthy way to cope. You need to prioritize yourself and recognize something needs to change. After all, "nothing changes if nothing changes". Therapy is not something to dread, we can have fun and grow simultaneously.
(610) 819-5822 View (610) 819-5822
1

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 19444

60+

Average cost per session

$160

Therapists in 19444 who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
90% Depression
76% Relationship Issues
69% Coping Skills
67% Self Esteem
66% Trauma and PTSD
66% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

23 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

71% Aetna
66% Highmark
58% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in 19444 see their clients

86% In Person and Online
14% Online Only

Gender breakdown

80% Female
20% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 19444?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.