Therapists in 19424

Photo of Jennifer Benjamin, Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC
Jennifer Benjamin
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC
2 Endorsed
Serves Area
I believe in providing intervention for clients and families that is purposeful. This means the client and their family members discover the old pattern holding them back and what they need to do to create a new pattern. This includes understanding the complexity of their emotional distress, obtaining skills and strategies, and getting feedback and support on applying these strategies effectively.
I believe in providing intervention for clients and families that is purposeful. This means the client and their family members discover the old pattern holding them back and what they need to do to create a new pattern. This includes understanding the complexity of their emotional distress, obtaining skills and strategies, and getting feedback and support on applying these strategies effectively.
(215) 509-5194 View (215) 509-5194
Photo of Karen Starner, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Karen Starner
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
I am interested not only addressing your individual symptoms, but exploring a deeper understanding and awareness of who you are, helping you construct new ways of thinking, feeling and behaving now and in the future. With my 20 years of experience in counseling adults, teens and children with anxiety, depression, mood disorders and behavioral challenges, I can help identify what has and has not worked in the past and help you have a different outcome this time. I can guide you to resource positive ways of coping and relating by accessing your strengths to manage life's changes and challenges.
I am interested not only addressing your individual symptoms, but exploring a deeper understanding and awareness of who you are, helping you construct new ways of thinking, feeling and behaving now and in the future. With my 20 years of experience in counseling adults, teens and children with anxiety, depression, mood disorders and behavioral challenges, I can help identify what has and has not worked in the past and help you have a different outcome this time. I can guide you to resource positive ways of coping and relating by accessing your strengths to manage life's changes and challenges.
(267) 903-7166 View (267) 903-7166
Photo of Liz Ryan, Pre-Licensed Professional
Liz Ryan
Pre-Licensed Professional
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Raising a child can be an incredible experience for parents. However, parents often experience unforeseen challenges along their journey. Sometimes bringing on a therapist as a teammate can be helpful for families who are struggling to navigate these challenges. For families with neurodivergent children, building a team can be even more important. Let me be that teammate to help your child learn to regulate their emotions, communicate more effectively, and build stronger connections with peers. Together we can also work to improve family dynamics and increase self-esteem.
Raising a child can be an incredible experience for parents. However, parents often experience unforeseen challenges along their journey. Sometimes bringing on a therapist as a teammate can be helpful for families who are struggling to navigate these challenges. For families with neurodivergent children, building a team can be even more important. Let me be that teammate to help your child learn to regulate their emotions, communicate more effectively, and build stronger connections with peers. Together we can also work to improve family dynamics and increase self-esteem.
(267) 633-8343 View (267) 633-8343
Photo of Stacey M. Vinci, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Stacey M. Vinci
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Just an authentic human, experienced and trained in both traditional psychotherapy and evidence-based practices, as well as holistic, nature-based, and embodied approaches to care.
Just an authentic human, experienced and trained in both traditional psychotherapy and evidence-based practices, as well as holistic, nature-based, and embodied approaches to care.
(267) 989-9113 View (267) 989-9113

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Annike Sprow, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Annike Sprow
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Lansdowne, PA 19050
As a parent or caregiver, seeing your child struggle with mental health challenges, behavioral issues, loss or trauma can be confusing and overwhelming. Mental health challenges are widespread among our children and can seriously affect their quality of life. However, with therapeutic intervention, children can learn to communicate feelings, cope with challenges, and develop problem-solving skills that will help them to thrive in all areas of their lives. My name is Annike Sprow, and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker who specializes in working with children with emotional and behavioral challenges, and trauma histories.
As a parent or caregiver, seeing your child struggle with mental health challenges, behavioral issues, loss or trauma can be confusing and overwhelming. Mental health challenges are widespread among our children and can seriously affect their quality of life. However, with therapeutic intervention, children can learn to communicate feelings, cope with challenges, and develop problem-solving skills that will help them to thrive in all areas of their lives. My name is Annike Sprow, and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker who specializes in working with children with emotional and behavioral challenges, and trauma histories.
(215) 996-7856 View (215) 996-7856
Photo of Chandler S. Dandridge, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MA
Chandler S. Dandridge
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MA
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Life can feel inexplicably hard. But through the collaborative power of psychotherapy we can make sense of ourselves, move into new ways of being, and create the worthwhile lives that we are born to live. Perhaps you have tried therapy before and been bummed out by its results, or it’s been difficult to find a therapist that you connect with, I want to help you find a new way forward. I offer a free, fifteen-minute phone call to explore the possibilities of psychotherapy together. If I am not the right person, I have colleagues I’d be happy to connect you with.
Life can feel inexplicably hard. But through the collaborative power of psychotherapy we can make sense of ourselves, move into new ways of being, and create the worthwhile lives that we are born to live. Perhaps you have tried therapy before and been bummed out by its results, or it’s been difficult to find a therapist that you connect with, I want to help you find a new way forward. I offer a free, fifteen-minute phone call to explore the possibilities of psychotherapy together. If I am not the right person, I have colleagues I’d be happy to connect you with.
(323) 210-4781 View (323) 210-4781
Photo of John Tobey, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, EdS, LPC
John Tobey
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, EdS, LPC
Newtown, PA 18940
Finding the right therapist can feel overwhelming, especially when you’re already facing something difficult. My goal is to offer a calm, supportive space where you feel truly heard, respected, and understood. I believe meaningful change begins with being listened to carefully and without judgment, and I take that responsibility seriously in my work with every client. Working together, we will establish your goals for therapy and I will help you reach them, whether it is improved relationships, processing past experiences, or elevating your coping skills, we will work together to help you achieve your goals.
Finding the right therapist can feel overwhelming, especially when you’re already facing something difficult. My goal is to offer a calm, supportive space where you feel truly heard, respected, and understood. I believe meaningful change begins with being listened to carefully and without judgment, and I take that responsibility seriously in my work with every client. Working together, we will establish your goals for therapy and I will help you reach them, whether it is improved relationships, processing past experiences, or elevating your coping skills, we will work together to help you achieve your goals.
(215) 330-2157 View (215) 330-2157
Photo of Kate Therrien, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LMHC, MA
Kate Therrien
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LMHC, MA
2 Endorsed
Blue Bell, PA 19422
With over 15 years of experience, I specialize in supporting individuals through the challenges of pregnancy, postpartum, and the evolving demands of family life. This may include infertility/pregnancy loss, birth trauma, PPD/PPA, parenting stress, and family conflict. My approach is warm, collaborative, and grounded in empathy—with a touch of humor when it helps! I aim to create a safe and supportive space where you can feel understood and empowered to navigate this season of life with more confidence and clarity. My goal is to help you feel more connected—to yourself, your loved ones, and the life you want to create.
With over 15 years of experience, I specialize in supporting individuals through the challenges of pregnancy, postpartum, and the evolving demands of family life. This may include infertility/pregnancy loss, birth trauma, PPD/PPA, parenting stress, and family conflict. My approach is warm, collaborative, and grounded in empathy—with a touch of humor when it helps! I aim to create a safe and supportive space where you can feel understood and empowered to navigate this season of life with more confidence and clarity. My goal is to help you feel more connected—to yourself, your loved ones, and the life you want to create.
(267) 399-1138 View (267) 399-1138
Photo of Peter D. Ruffini, Licensed Professional Counselor, EdS, MA, LPC,ACS, CSAT, CAN, DIDATE
Peter D. Ruffini
Licensed Professional Counselor, EdS, MA, LPC,ACS, CSAT, CAN, DIDATE
6 Endorsed
Yardley, PA 19067
No waitlist as of 3/2026! Even capable men can get stuck. On the outside, things look good. You’re handling things and providing well for those you care about. But inside, you’re fighting a losing battle—unwanted porn use or other sexual behaviors that continue despite your best efforts. You’ve tried stopping on your own. Pushing through works for a while, then the pattern and the shame return. You’re worn down, worried about where this leads, and what it may cost your relationship. This isn’t a lack of discipline or willpower. In addiction, something deeper is driving the cycle. Real change requires more than generic therapy.
No waitlist as of 3/2026! Even capable men can get stuck. On the outside, things look good. You’re handling things and providing well for those you care about. But inside, you’re fighting a losing battle—unwanted porn use or other sexual behaviors that continue despite your best efforts. You’ve tried stopping on your own. Pushing through works for a while, then the pattern and the shame return. You’re worn down, worried about where this leads, and what it may cost your relationship. This isn’t a lack of discipline or willpower. In addiction, something deeper is driving the cycle. Real change requires more than generic therapy.
(267) 323-4754 View (267) 323-4754
Photo of Jennifer Davis, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, QCSW
Jennifer Davis
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, QCSW
Fairless Hills, PA 19030
I have worked in the field of mental health for over 20 years with a variety of age groups and ethnicities. I provide individual therapy. I cover a wide range of therapeutic issues.
I have worked in the field of mental health for over 20 years with a variety of age groups and ethnicities. I provide individual therapy. I cover a wide range of therapeutic issues.
(267) 309-2053 View (267) 309-2053
Photo of Laurie Friedlander, Psychologist, PsyD
Laurie Friedlander
Psychologist, PsyD
Philadelphia, PA 19106
Life is stressful and demanding. I treat adolescents, adults, and families who are struggling with anxiety, depression, grief and relationship issues by using evidence based therapies to meet their specific goals. We explore thoughts, beliefs, feelings and behaviors to promote overall well being. I assist adolescents and young adults to find academic and social success in their journey to becoming adults. We work on developing emotional regulation, making healthy choices, and resolving family and peer conflicts. I help parents create realistic expectations for their family members and optimize healthy communication.
Life is stressful and demanding. I treat adolescents, adults, and families who are struggling with anxiety, depression, grief and relationship issues by using evidence based therapies to meet their specific goals. We explore thoughts, beliefs, feelings and behaviors to promote overall well being. I assist adolescents and young adults to find academic and social success in their journey to becoming adults. We work on developing emotional regulation, making healthy choices, and resolving family and peer conflicts. I help parents create realistic expectations for their family members and optimize healthy communication.
(610) 840-6801 View (610) 840-6801
Photo of Charles Grove, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, LCSW
Charles Grove
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, LCSW
2 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19119
Personal growth is a process of empowerment--an awakening to our capacity for welcoming change into our lives. My role as therapist is to meet you where you are. Through our supportive alliance, you'll gain an advocate committed to helping you connect with new possibilities and inner resources to achieve your goals. I provide a comfortable space for safe exploration. I value attentive listening and curiosity about how a compassionate understanding of your past can often inform the resolution of distressing circumstances in your present.
Personal growth is a process of empowerment--an awakening to our capacity for welcoming change into our lives. My role as therapist is to meet you where you are. Through our supportive alliance, you'll gain an advocate committed to helping you connect with new possibilities and inner resources to achieve your goals. I provide a comfortable space for safe exploration. I value attentive listening and curiosity about how a compassionate understanding of your past can often inform the resolution of distressing circumstances in your present.
(267) 271-9916 View (267) 271-9916
Photo of Marykate Schrack New Outlook Childhood Concentration, Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC
Marykate Schrack New Outlook Childhood Concentration
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC
1 Endorsed
Doylestown, PA 18901
Navigating big emotions, anxiety, or school struggles can be overwhelming. Children often don’t have the words to explain what they’re going through, which is why they need a therapist who truly understands how to connect with them on their level. I’m a licensed professional counselor specializing in children ages 4–12, blending play therapy, art therapy, and solution-focused techniques. What makes my approach unique is the way I integrate creativity and connection—giving children a space to express themselves without pressure, while building practical tools for emotional resilience and growth.
Navigating big emotions, anxiety, or school struggles can be overwhelming. Children often don’t have the words to explain what they’re going through, which is why they need a therapist who truly understands how to connect with them on their level. I’m a licensed professional counselor specializing in children ages 4–12, blending play therapy, art therapy, and solution-focused techniques. What makes my approach unique is the way I integrate creativity and connection—giving children a space to express themselves without pressure, while building practical tools for emotional resilience and growth.
(267) 936-2380 View (267) 936-2380
Photo of Heather Wyatte, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Heather Wyatte
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
5 Endorsed
Downingtown, PA 19335
Is someone you love struggling with substance use, trauma, or ADHD? Are you a parent lying awake at night, wondering how to help your child while trying to hold the rest of the family together? Are you a partner walking on eggshells—torn between love, burnout, and the hope that things can change? Or maybe you’re the one carrying it—the overwhelm, the chaos, the shame—and you’re just trying to make it through the day. Whatever your role in this story, you’re not alone. Let's create space for honest conversations, real healing, and the possibility of change—without judgment, and without pretending it’s easy.
Is someone you love struggling with substance use, trauma, or ADHD? Are you a parent lying awake at night, wondering how to help your child while trying to hold the rest of the family together? Are you a partner walking on eggshells—torn between love, burnout, and the hope that things can change? Or maybe you’re the one carrying it—the overwhelm, the chaos, the shame—and you’re just trying to make it through the day. Whatever your role in this story, you’re not alone. Let's create space for honest conversations, real healing, and the possibility of change—without judgment, and without pretending it’s easy.
(484) 623-5834 View (484) 623-5834
Photo of Fred Chamberlain - Inner Resources Counseling, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Inner Resources Counseling
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
4 Endorsed
Serves Area
Inner Resources Counseling is a counseling practice serving Bethlehem & the Lehigh Valley area. Our focus is on acting as therapeutic supports in assisting people in improving their lives. By gaining personal insights about yourself and making healthier choices in problematic times, you become empowered to effect change. If you are feeling stuck, frustrated or overwhelmed as a result of current life stressors or have been living with long-standing issues, clinicians can work with you to develop skills and raise your level of functioning and satisfaction with the use of multiple techniques, based on your individual needs.
Inner Resources Counseling is a counseling practice serving Bethlehem & the Lehigh Valley area. Our focus is on acting as therapeutic supports in assisting people in improving their lives. By gaining personal insights about yourself and making healthier choices in problematic times, you become empowered to effect change. If you are feeling stuck, frustrated or overwhelmed as a result of current life stressors or have been living with long-standing issues, clinicians can work with you to develop skills and raise your level of functioning and satisfaction with the use of multiple techniques, based on your individual needs.
(570) 221-6852 View (570) 221-6852
Photo of Elizabeth Higginbotham, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW
Elizabeth Higginbotham
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW
Yardley, PA 19067
I believe that every individual has the power within themselves to achieve any treatment goal they come to Harmony Bay to work towards. My ideal client would be willing to put in the hard work needed to heal, who is willing to learn how to see the power and strength within themselves, and who believes that change is possible. If you are here at Harmony Bay seeking support from our services, you are already there!
I believe that every individual has the power within themselves to achieve any treatment goal they come to Harmony Bay to work towards. My ideal client would be willing to put in the hard work needed to heal, who is willing to learn how to see the power and strength within themselves, and who believes that change is possible. If you are here at Harmony Bay seeking support from our services, you are already there!
(856) 807-5216 View (856) 807-5216
Photo of Barbara Ann Marotta - K & S Counseling Services, LLC, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
K & S Counseling Services, LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Yardley, PA 19067
Are you struggling with unresolved conflict causing anxiety, deprsession, and other mental health related issues? Are you a student struggling with the pressures of school, family, and friends? WE CAN HELP! With our Cognitive-Behavioral, Solution-Focused Approach we help our clients explore how their "faulty thinking" can negatively impact all areas of their life: school, work, relationships, health. We help our clients to think in healthier, more productive ways allowing them to live a more peaceful, meaningful life. Its never to late to gain emotional health. Please call today for a free consultation.
Are you struggling with unresolved conflict causing anxiety, deprsession, and other mental health related issues? Are you a student struggling with the pressures of school, family, and friends? WE CAN HELP! With our Cognitive-Behavioral, Solution-Focused Approach we help our clients explore how their "faulty thinking" can negatively impact all areas of their life: school, work, relationships, health. We help our clients to think in healthier, more productive ways allowing them to live a more peaceful, meaningful life. Its never to late to gain emotional health. Please call today for a free consultation.
(267) 833-2393 View (267) 833-2393
Photo of Meredith Hritz, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Meredith Hritz
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Philadelphia, PA 19103
I started my own therapeutic journey when I realized the way I had always done things was not working for me anymore, and I needed some assistance in finding a different path. So often the coping mechanisms that kept us safe in our childhoods keep us from experiencing self-acceptance and the deep and meaningful connections we long to have as adults. Whether you are exhausted by your own people pleasing, mired in self-criticism, or struggling in your relationships, you deserve a place to gain insight into how your patterns have formed and what changes can be made to live a more fulfilling life.
I started my own therapeutic journey when I realized the way I had always done things was not working for me anymore, and I needed some assistance in finding a different path. So often the coping mechanisms that kept us safe in our childhoods keep us from experiencing self-acceptance and the deep and meaningful connections we long to have as adults. Whether you are exhausted by your own people pleasing, mired in self-criticism, or struggling in your relationships, you deserve a place to gain insight into how your patterns have formed and what changes can be made to live a more fulfilling life.
(484) 214-2541 View (484) 214-2541
Photo of Amelia Garcia-Baumgardner, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA
Amelia Garcia-Baumgardner
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19103
I believe therapy is a healing space— one where you can slow down, feel safe, and begin to understand yourself more deeply. I work with individuals and couples seeking growth, clarity, and meaningful change, offering bilingual (English & Spanish) therapy in a culturally responsive and affirming environment.
I believe therapy is a healing space— one where you can slow down, feel safe, and begin to understand yourself more deeply. I work with individuals and couples seeking growth, clarity, and meaningful change, offering bilingual (English & Spanish) therapy in a culturally responsive and affirming environment.
(267) 609-8963 View (267) 609-8963
Photo of Patricia Isakowitz, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSS, LCSW
Patricia Isakowitz
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSS, LCSW
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19143
As a psychotherapist, my role is to create a safe environment where you can feel secure and supported to explore and be inquisitive about yourself. If you feel changes are needed in your life; if you are feeling depressed, fearful, ashamed, angry, stuck or confused, anxious or worried; or if you just can't stop self-defeating behaviors, you can benefit from therapy.—.—.—.—.—.—.—.—.—.—.—.—.—.—.—.—.—.Si siente que necesita cambios en su vida; si se siente deprimido, temeroso, avergonzado, enojado, o preocupado, o si no puede controlar los comportamientos autodestructivos, usted puede beneficiarse de la terapia.
As a psychotherapist, my role is to create a safe environment where you can feel secure and supported to explore and be inquisitive about yourself. If you feel changes are needed in your life; if you are feeling depressed, fearful, ashamed, angry, stuck or confused, anxious or worried; or if you just can't stop self-defeating behaviors, you can benefit from therapy.—.—.—.—.—.—.—.—.—.—.—.—.—.—.—.—.—.Si siente que necesita cambios en su vida; si se siente deprimido, temeroso, avergonzado, enojado, o preocupado, o si no puede controlar los comportamientos autodestructivos, usted puede beneficiarse de la terapia.
(215) 600-4830 View (215) 600-4830

See more therapy options for 19424

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 19424

< 10

Therapists in 19424 who prioritize treating:

100% ADHD
100% Anxiety
100% Social Anxiety
100% Health Anxiety
100% Driving Anxiety
100% Neurodivergence
75% Child

Average years in practice

28 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

100% Aetna
100% Cigna and Evernorth
100% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in 19424 see their clients

75% In Person and Online
25% Online Only

Gender breakdown

100% Female
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 19424?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.