Therapists in 19130

Photo of James A Lockwood - Lockwood Wellness Services, Pre-Licensed Professional
Lockwood Wellness Services
Pre-Licensed Professional
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19130
Are you a teen, young adult, or working professional seeking practical solutions to life's challenges? Look no further. I'm James, a clinical therapist specializing in CBT with a holistic twist. In search of a compassionate guide who truly understands the complexities of modern life? Juggling the pressures of life, or relationships, or do you just want to become the best you? Together, we'll embark on a journey of self-discovery and growth, addressing immediate concerns while delving deeper into the underlying root of your struggles. Together we will explore, heal, and thrive!
Are you a teen, young adult, or working professional seeking practical solutions to life's challenges? Look no further. I'm James, a clinical therapist specializing in CBT with a holistic twist. In search of a compassionate guide who truly understands the complexities of modern life? Juggling the pressures of life, or relationships, or do you just want to become the best you? Together, we'll embark on a journey of self-discovery and growth, addressing immediate concerns while delving deeper into the underlying root of your struggles. Together we will explore, heal, and thrive!
(215) 234-7656 View (215) 234-7656
Photo of Cliff Koos, M Ed
Cliff Koos
Verified Verified
Online Only
I am a trauma-informed, integrative, EMDR therapist. I use ego states and parts work in conjunction with somatic work to help bring ‘online’ the left and right hemispheres of your brain. I am focused on treating the whole person and would like to have an open, honest conversation about what you are looking for and your treatment wants and needs.
I am a trauma-informed, integrative, EMDR therapist. I use ego states and parts work in conjunction with somatic work to help bring ‘online’ the left and right hemispheres of your brain. I am focused on treating the whole person and would like to have an open, honest conversation about what you are looking for and your treatment wants and needs.
(267) 651-9198 View (267) 651-9198
Photo of Farhana Ferdous, Counselor, MA, ATR-BC, LPC
Farhana Ferdous
Counselor, MA, ATR-BC, LPC
3 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19130
Knowing that opening up about true feelings with another person can be intimidating, I create a warm space to unpack clients’ stories and uncover the root causes of issues with curiosity and tenderness. My practice is grounded in understanding the unique experiences of my clients, especially how systems we exist in and outside of us contribute to distress. I believe in the natural intuition and resilience of all people and highlight those in therapy so that greater understanding and compassion for oneself can emerge, while also empowering clients with new perspectives and tools.
Knowing that opening up about true feelings with another person can be intimidating, I create a warm space to unpack clients’ stories and uncover the root causes of issues with curiosity and tenderness. My practice is grounded in understanding the unique experiences of my clients, especially how systems we exist in and outside of us contribute to distress. I believe in the natural intuition and resilience of all people and highlight those in therapy so that greater understanding and compassion for oneself can emerge, while also empowering clients with new perspectives and tools.
(267) 609-9132 View (267) 609-9132
Photo of James A Lockwood, Pre-Licensed Professional, MS
James A Lockwood
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS
5 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19130
Feeling stuck, overwhelmed, anxious, and tired? Look no further. I'm James, a clinical therapist specializing in CBT with a holistic twist. In search of a compassionate guide who truly understands the complexities of modern life? Juggling the pressures of life, or relationships, or do you just want to become the best you? Together, we'll embark on a journey of self-discovery and growth, addressing immediate concerns while delving deeper into the underlying root of your struggles. Together we will explore, heal, and thrive!
Feeling stuck, overwhelmed, anxious, and tired? Look no further. I'm James, a clinical therapist specializing in CBT with a holistic twist. In search of a compassionate guide who truly understands the complexities of modern life? Juggling the pressures of life, or relationships, or do you just want to become the best you? Together, we'll embark on a journey of self-discovery and growth, addressing immediate concerns while delving deeper into the underlying root of your struggles. Together we will explore, heal, and thrive!
(267) 389-2110 View (267) 389-2110
Photo of Catrin Lloyd-Bollard, Pre-Licensed Professional, BA
Catrin Lloyd-Bollard
Pre-Licensed Professional, BA
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Everyone needs an ally in their corner, and first and foremost that is what Catrin will be for you. Catrin’s approach starts with radical acceptance and unfolds from there. Maybe you are struggling with intrusive thoughts and excessive rumination. Perhaps you struggle to get out of bed in the morning. Maybe you feel full of self-doubt, hopelessness, or feel misunderstood, unseen or alone. Perhaps external stresses, societal pressures, discrimination, past trauma, or relational distress are interfering with your wellbeing. Above all, she values you and your unique process. The only expectations will be those you set for yourself.
Everyone needs an ally in their corner, and first and foremost that is what Catrin will be for you. Catrin’s approach starts with radical acceptance and unfolds from there. Maybe you are struggling with intrusive thoughts and excessive rumination. Perhaps you struggle to get out of bed in the morning. Maybe you feel full of self-doubt, hopelessness, or feel misunderstood, unseen or alone. Perhaps external stresses, societal pressures, discrimination, past trauma, or relational distress are interfering with your wellbeing. Above all, she values you and your unique process. The only expectations will be those you set for yourself.
(484) 255-4763 View (484) 255-4763
Photo of Mariah Gallagher, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Mariah Gallagher
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
5 Endorsed
Online Only
Whether you’ve already tried everything or are brand new to therapy, Mariah Gallagher is a Columbia- and NYU-trained trauma therapist who merges logical expertise with real-world emotional intelligence to serve individuals and couples in Pennsylvania, New York, New Jersey, and Connecticut. Whether it’s emotional distance, trust issues, betrayal, or low intimacy in your romantic partnership, OR if you're just ready to face the real stuff: the childhood wounds, the intimacy fears, the harmful cycles in your relationships in general, with me there's no toxic positivity or spiritual bypassing, just grounded, gutsy healing that sticks.
Whether you’ve already tried everything or are brand new to therapy, Mariah Gallagher is a Columbia- and NYU-trained trauma therapist who merges logical expertise with real-world emotional intelligence to serve individuals and couples in Pennsylvania, New York, New Jersey, and Connecticut. Whether it’s emotional distance, trust issues, betrayal, or low intimacy in your romantic partnership, OR if you're just ready to face the real stuff: the childhood wounds, the intimacy fears, the harmful cycles in your relationships in general, with me there's no toxic positivity or spiritual bypassing, just grounded, gutsy healing that sticks.
(215) 398-7103 View (215) 398-7103
Photo of John Applegate - John Applegate, MD & Associates, LLC, MD
With years of experience and having earned the trust and respect of the Philadelphia Christian community, we are prepared to help you navigate the storms of life in good hands. With competent Christian psychiatrists, Christian psychologists, Biblical counselors and health coaching, we are well trained to address the complex interplay of body and soul.
With years of experience and having earned the trust and respect of the Philadelphia Christian community, we are prepared to help you navigate the storms of life in good hands. With competent Christian psychiatrists, Christian psychologists, Biblical counselors and health coaching, we are well trained to address the complex interplay of body and soul.
(215) 515-2821 View (215) 515-2821
Photo of Karla Pazzi, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, C-DBT
Karla Pazzi
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, C-DBT
2 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19130
My passion is helping clients develop a better understanding of themselves and improve how they navigate events in their life. While I do integrate research-based techniques, the most effective healing occurs in the context of a strong client-therapist relationship where we can think things through together. Beginning therapy can be intimidating so I try to create a warm, safe space by using an empathic, nonjudgmental, and, at times, humorous approach. Some of my clients have described my style as compassionate and supportive while also being honest and direct.
My passion is helping clients develop a better understanding of themselves and improve how they navigate events in their life. While I do integrate research-based techniques, the most effective healing occurs in the context of a strong client-therapist relationship where we can think things through together. Beginning therapy can be intimidating so I try to create a warm, safe space by using an empathic, nonjudgmental, and, at times, humorous approach. Some of my clients have described my style as compassionate and supportive while also being honest and direct.
(484) 380-9227 View (484) 380-9227
Photo of Beth Rosenwasser, Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC, BCBA-D
Beth Rosenwasser
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC, BCBA-D
Philadelphia, PA 19130
Reaching out is the 1st step toward feeling relief and achieving personal, family or professional goals. Therapy or parent coaching offer private time with support to take a fresh look at your situation and evaluate options. You bring your values and knowledge of your circumstances; I bring over 20 years of experience in clinical practice, designing and directing treatment programs, training therapists, and publishing in the field. People I work with tell me I am easy to talk to, warm and non-judgmental. They appreciate my ability to 'keep it real,' helping develop practical solutions in 3 - 12 sessions, or in longer-term therapy.
Reaching out is the 1st step toward feeling relief and achieving personal, family or professional goals. Therapy or parent coaching offer private time with support to take a fresh look at your situation and evaluate options. You bring your values and knowledge of your circumstances; I bring over 20 years of experience in clinical practice, designing and directing treatment programs, training therapists, and publishing in the field. People I work with tell me I am easy to talk to, warm and non-judgmental. They appreciate my ability to 'keep it real,' helping develop practical solutions in 3 - 12 sessions, or in longer-term therapy.
(484) 334-2963 View (484) 334-2963
Photo of Jeri Oquendo, Pre-Licensed Professional, ATR-BC
Jeri Oquendo
Pre-Licensed Professional, ATR-BC
3 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19130
Are you looking for a safe, non-judgmental space to express yourself? Maybe traditional talk therapy hasn’t been effective, you’ve never tried therapy before, or you’ve had negative experiences in the past. You may struggle to be present and find it hard to move past painful experiences. I work with individuals who want to process trauma without retraumatizing themselves. Together, we’ll explore ways to address emotional distress that’s tailored to your brain and body. My goal is to help you feel grounded and in control, without reliving the past to heal.
Are you looking for a safe, non-judgmental space to express yourself? Maybe traditional talk therapy hasn’t been effective, you’ve never tried therapy before, or you’ve had negative experiences in the past. You may struggle to be present and find it hard to move past painful experiences. I work with individuals who want to process trauma without retraumatizing themselves. Together, we’ll explore ways to address emotional distress that’s tailored to your brain and body. My goal is to help you feel grounded and in control, without reliving the past to heal.
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Photo of Jocelyn B Jennings - Jocelyn Jennings, LMFT , Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Jocelyn Jennings, LMFT
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
2 Endorsed
Online Only
Good therapist "fit" is key. I am best suited to those who need an authentic and compassionate therapist who understands interpersonal relationships. Whether your loved one is exhibiting challenging behavior or whether you are struggling to feel a sense of joy and freedom in life, I have been helping people heal and achieve the relationships they desire with themselves, their partners, and/or their children for 20+ years. I see the root of all challenges as relational--whether it is how we relate to ourselves, others, to our distractions of choice, or to the stories we tell ourselves.
Good therapist "fit" is key. I am best suited to those who need an authentic and compassionate therapist who understands interpersonal relationships. Whether your loved one is exhibiting challenging behavior or whether you are struggling to feel a sense of joy and freedom in life, I have been helping people heal and achieve the relationships they desire with themselves, their partners, and/or their children for 20+ years. I see the root of all challenges as relational--whether it is how we relate to ourselves, others, to our distractions of choice, or to the stories we tell ourselves.
(215) 709-7939 View (215) 709-7939
Photo of Maryrose Yerger, Associate Professional Counselor, MS, LAPC
Maryrose Yerger
Associate Professional Counselor, MS, LAPC
2 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19130
Now Accepting New Clients for April: Individuals, couples, and families- Therapy is a collaborative journey of discovery. It is my belief that your healing lies in the gifts you have yet to uncover. As you learned to exist in this challenging world, these gifts often became adapted to meet your survival needs. The weight of the past, the stress of daily life, and fears for the future can begin to drag you down and dull your experience. Through a process that is gentle, intuitive and individually tailored my goal is to help you unearth your innate wisdom so you can move through your life with more lightness and ease.
Now Accepting New Clients for April: Individuals, couples, and families- Therapy is a collaborative journey of discovery. It is my belief that your healing lies in the gifts you have yet to uncover. As you learned to exist in this challenging world, these gifts often became adapted to meet your survival needs. The weight of the past, the stress of daily life, and fears for the future can begin to drag you down and dull your experience. Through a process that is gentle, intuitive and individually tailored my goal is to help you unearth your innate wisdom so you can move through your life with more lightness and ease.
(215) 770-9024 View (215) 770-9024
Photo of Elena Wise, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, NCC, LPC
Elena Wise
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, NCC, LPC
4 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19130
I work with children, teens and adults experiencing loss and/or struggles with their relationships. I work with clients who are constantly being told they are “too hard on themselves'“; people that are struggling with worrying about what others may think of them, and are finding it difficult to place boundaries in relationships. We are constantly being told to get rid of or “fix” a part of ourselves; even when those very parts have helped us through a great deal in our life. Through my work, I aim to help my clients change the relationship they have with these parts of themselves in order to live in more harmony.
I work with children, teens and adults experiencing loss and/or struggles with their relationships. I work with clients who are constantly being told they are “too hard on themselves'“; people that are struggling with worrying about what others may think of them, and are finding it difficult to place boundaries in relationships. We are constantly being told to get rid of or “fix” a part of ourselves; even when those very parts have helped us through a great deal in our life. Through my work, I aim to help my clients change the relationship they have with these parts of themselves in order to live in more harmony.
(267) 692-8302 View (267) 692-8302
Photo of Mitchell E Cogan - Expand Therapeutics, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, LCADC
Expand Therapeutics
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, LCADC
1 Endorsed
Online Only
​I approach patient care with the belief that we all have the inner resources needed for healing. Being in therapy does not need to be a life-long process yet one can gain invaluable insight as well as emotional and mental support from working with a seasoned clinician. The therapeutic process should help one to become increasingly more honest with self and ultimately more capable of enjoying life's precious moments.
​I approach patient care with the belief that we all have the inner resources needed for healing. Being in therapy does not need to be a life-long process yet one can gain invaluable insight as well as emotional and mental support from working with a seasoned clinician. The therapeutic process should help one to become increasingly more honest with self and ultimately more capable of enjoying life's precious moments.
(856) 351-5187 View (856) 351-5187
Photo of James Lawrence Thibault, Licensed Professional Counselor, MSEd, LPC, NCC
James Lawrence Thibault
Licensed Professional Counselor, MSEd, LPC, NCC
Philadelphia, PA 19130
I believe that we all struggle with trauma, and most mental health challenges stem from how one adapts to these experiences. I specialize in working with trauma, identifying how it is held in the body, the strategies we uphold as defense mechanisms, and how to negotiate with our inner self to move toward a healthy healing of mind and body. Coming from either a top down approach for those thinker types, or a bottom up approach for those feeler types, we will compassionately reconnect the mind and body, in order to achieve relief and greater connectivity to self and others.
I believe that we all struggle with trauma, and most mental health challenges stem from how one adapts to these experiences. I specialize in working with trauma, identifying how it is held in the body, the strategies we uphold as defense mechanisms, and how to negotiate with our inner self to move toward a healthy healing of mind and body. Coming from either a top down approach for those thinker types, or a bottom up approach for those feeler types, we will compassionately reconnect the mind and body, in order to achieve relief and greater connectivity to self and others.
(267) 930-5330 View (267) 930-5330
Photo of Jessica Pavelka, Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, NCC, CYT
Jessica Pavelka
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, NCC, CYT
25 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19130
Do you experience stress, anxiety, or feelings of overwhelm? Are there goals you want to achieve but find yourself facing obstacles? I’m here to support you on your journey toward fulfillment. Together, we will work through any barriers you may be facing. In our sessions, we will explore your hopes, goals, and challenges, while I provide you with empathy, insight, and support.
Do you experience stress, anxiety, or feelings of overwhelm? Are there goals you want to achieve but find yourself facing obstacles? I’m here to support you on your journey toward fulfillment. Together, we will work through any barriers you may be facing. In our sessions, we will explore your hopes, goals, and challenges, while I provide you with empathy, insight, and support.
(267) 733-6437 View (267) 733-6437
Photo of Samantha Martin, Pre-Licensed Professional, MFT
Samantha Martin
Pre-Licensed Professional, MFT
Online Only
Welcome, I’m glad you’re here. I strive to create a trustworthy space for your healing and growth. I view my role as your therapist as being there to help guide, motivate, and challenge you in your journey to meet your goals. As a Couple and Family Therapist (MFT), my background and training focus on treating individuals, couples, and families. Everyone has their own story, and I believe that each of our stories is informed by our identities, important relationships, and the contexts in which we live. I want to know the goals you want to work on in therapy, and if you aren’t quite sure, let’s figure them out together.
Welcome, I’m glad you’re here. I strive to create a trustworthy space for your healing and growth. I view my role as your therapist as being there to help guide, motivate, and challenge you in your journey to meet your goals. As a Couple and Family Therapist (MFT), my background and training focus on treating individuals, couples, and families. Everyone has their own story, and I believe that each of our stories is informed by our identities, important relationships, and the contexts in which we live. I want to know the goals you want to work on in therapy, and if you aren’t quite sure, let’s figure them out together.
(215) 774-5938 View (215) 774-5938
Photo of Fredric Richmond, Psychologist, MEd, PhD
Fredric Richmond
Psychologist, MEd, PhD
Online Only
Hi, I am Dr. Fredric Richmond With over 35 years of experience, I specialize in guiding individuals through the challenges of trauma, depression, and anxiety. My work is grounded in proven, evidence-based therapies and a genuine commitment to compassionate care. My passion lies in fostering resilience and empowering clients to reclaim their lives. I pride myself on creating a safe, nonjudgmental space where individuals can explore both their challenges and strengths. By integrating decades of professional experience with continuous learning, it’s a privilege to walk beside you on your journey toward healing and emotional wellness.
Hi, I am Dr. Fredric Richmond With over 35 years of experience, I specialize in guiding individuals through the challenges of trauma, depression, and anxiety. My work is grounded in proven, evidence-based therapies and a genuine commitment to compassionate care. My passion lies in fostering resilience and empowering clients to reclaim their lives. I pride myself on creating a safe, nonjudgmental space where individuals can explore both their challenges and strengths. By integrating decades of professional experience with continuous learning, it’s a privilege to walk beside you on your journey toward healing and emotional wellness.
(267) 452-1269 View (267) 452-1269
Photo of Stefanie Juten, Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Stefanie Juten
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Online Only
Do you sometimes feel trapped in the past? Is your trauma getting in the way of living a fulfilling life? I help clients understand how their traumatic experiences are haunting their present lives. Symptoms of PTSD, anxiety and depression can feel overwhelming, but with trauma-focused therapies, we can work together to process these experiences and reclaim control. My approach offers a compassionate space for you to explore and heal from your past.
Do you sometimes feel trapped in the past? Is your trauma getting in the way of living a fulfilling life? I help clients understand how their traumatic experiences are haunting their present lives. Symptoms of PTSD, anxiety and depression can feel overwhelming, but with trauma-focused therapies, we can work together to process these experiences and reclaim control. My approach offers a compassionate space for you to explore and heal from your past.
(610) 609-2788 View (610) 609-2788
Photo of Cassidy Flynn, Art Therapist, MA, ATR
Cassidy Flynn
Art Therapist, MA, ATR
3 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19130
You just can’t seem to stop thinking about the past and worrying about the future. You’re exhausted trying to keep up with work, relationships, and daily responsibilities. You’ve been pushing through, but anxiety, past trauma, or ADHD are making everyday life harder than it needs to be.
You just can’t seem to stop thinking about the past and worrying about the future. You’re exhausted trying to keep up with work, relationships, and daily responsibilities. You’ve been pushing through, but anxiety, past trauma, or ADHD are making everyday life harder than it needs to be.
(267) 699-2469 View (267) 699-2469

See more therapy options for 19130

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 19130

300+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in 19130 who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
86% Depression
75% Trauma and PTSD
71% Relationship Issues
64% Life Transitions
63% Grief
63% Self Esteem

Average years in practice

9 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

91% Aetna
74% Cigna and Evernorth
68% Optum

How Therapists in 19130 see their clients

69% In Person and Online
31% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
21% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 19130?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.