Therapists in 19127

Photo of Kasey Manwaring, Pre-Licensed Professional, LAPC
Kasey Manwaring
Pre-Licensed Professional, LAPC
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19127
You’re stronger than you think — but sometimes life’s challenges make it hard to see that strength. As both a pre licensed therapist and longtime fitness coach, I help clients reconnect to their confidence, motivation, and sense of balance — mentally, emotionally, and physically. My approach blends movement, mindfulness, and evidence-based therapy to help you feel more grounded, capable, and fulfilled.
You’re stronger than you think — but sometimes life’s challenges make it hard to see that strength. As both a pre licensed therapist and longtime fitness coach, I help clients reconnect to their confidence, motivation, and sense of balance — mentally, emotionally, and physically. My approach blends movement, mindfulness, and evidence-based therapy to help you feel more grounded, capable, and fulfilled.
(484) 917-5887 View (484) 917-5887
Photo of Robert Zeitlin, Psychologist, PsyD
Robert Zeitlin
Psychologist, PsyD
Philadelphia, PA 19127
As a Licensed Psychologist, I help adults, teens, and younger children who are having trouble with sadness, worries, and other feelings that are distracting them from what they want to do.
As a Licensed Psychologist, I help adults, teens, and younger children who are having trouble with sadness, worries, and other feelings that are distracting them from what they want to do.
(610) 915-8536 View (610) 915-8536
Photo of Kishna Celce, Licensed Professional Counselor, CTS
Kishna Celce
Licensed Professional Counselor, CTS
Philadelphia, PA 19127
Welcome! I’m Kishna. I love working with clients who feel stuck in cycles of emotional pain, trauma, or self-doubt, yet desires healing and transformation. They may be navigating anxiety, broken relationships, childhood wounds, or life transitions, and are ready to do the inner work. Whether they’re adults, parents, or youth, they value a safe, culturally aware space where faith, emotional wellness, and growth can coexist. They may feel overwhelmed, but they haven’t given up hope. They’re looking for a therapist who sees their strength beneath the struggle and walks with them toward healing, wholeness, and purpose.
Welcome! I’m Kishna. I love working with clients who feel stuck in cycles of emotional pain, trauma, or self-doubt, yet desires healing and transformation. They may be navigating anxiety, broken relationships, childhood wounds, or life transitions, and are ready to do the inner work. Whether they’re adults, parents, or youth, they value a safe, culturally aware space where faith, emotional wellness, and growth can coexist. They may feel overwhelmed, but they haven’t given up hope. They’re looking for a therapist who sees their strength beneath the struggle and walks with them toward healing, wholeness, and purpose.
(484) 917-2493 x1 View (484) 917-2493 x1
Photo of Justin Mendoza, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CAADC
Justin Mendoza
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CAADC
Philadelphia, PA 19127
I serve a diverse clientele and work really well with creatives, empaths, entrepreneurs, and the LGBTQ+ community. I typically treat anxiety, depression, trauma, and substance use, and support clients with behavior change, life stage + transitions, identity + sexuality, relationships, and career issues. I am trauma-informed, apply queer, feminist, anti-oppressive, and body/sex-positive lenses, and incorporate harm reduction principles. I also offer clinical supervision.
I serve a diverse clientele and work really well with creatives, empaths, entrepreneurs, and the LGBTQ+ community. I typically treat anxiety, depression, trauma, and substance use, and support clients with behavior change, life stage + transitions, identity + sexuality, relationships, and career issues. I am trauma-informed, apply queer, feminist, anti-oppressive, and body/sex-positive lenses, and incorporate harm reduction principles. I also offer clinical supervision.
(267) 753-8017 View (267) 753-8017
Photo of Amee Mickhael, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MSW
Amee Mickhael
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MSW
2 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19127
I believe one of the bravest things we can do is to understand our story. Owning our story can bring us to self-acceptance and healing. I can help get you there. Do you feel like you’re hitting a wall? Feeling stuck in unhealthy patterns? Stuck in your past trauma? Bad relationships? You deserve more than the anger and hurt that you’re carrying with you each day. These walls you’re hitting can be broken down. We just need to take a few steps back, and face these walls together. Come in, and enjoy a cup of tea (on me) and let’s talk about it.
I believe one of the bravest things we can do is to understand our story. Owning our story can bring us to self-acceptance and healing. I can help get you there. Do you feel like you’re hitting a wall? Feeling stuck in unhealthy patterns? Stuck in your past trauma? Bad relationships? You deserve more than the anger and hurt that you’re carrying with you each day. These walls you’re hitting can be broken down. We just need to take a few steps back, and face these walls together. Come in, and enjoy a cup of tea (on me) and let’s talk about it.
(484) 207-5446 View (484) 207-5446
Photo of Sara Earl, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC, BC-DMT
Sara Earl
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC, BC-DMT
Philadelphia, PA 19127
Do you feel like you aren't getting anywhere trying to make important changes on your own? You might feel lethargic, foggy, restlessly idle, persistently overwhelmed or isolated or are repeating self-defeating behaviors or relationship patterns. Does it seem like every moment is hijacked by thoughts of food and/or body image—what you should or can't eat and how to compensate for what you've eaten? Are you consumed with self-judgement and envious comparisons? You might be having trouble making progress towards life goals or are unable to connect to feelings of interest, pleasure...joy.
Do you feel like you aren't getting anywhere trying to make important changes on your own? You might feel lethargic, foggy, restlessly idle, persistently overwhelmed or isolated or are repeating self-defeating behaviors or relationship patterns. Does it seem like every moment is hijacked by thoughts of food and/or body image—what you should or can't eat and how to compensate for what you've eaten? Are you consumed with self-judgement and envious comparisons? You might be having trouble making progress towards life goals or are unable to connect to feelings of interest, pleasure...joy.
(267) 219-8429 View (267) 219-8429
Photo of Melanie Drewencki, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Melanie Drewencki
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
2 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19127
My goal as your therapist is to create a safe space where you are able to explore areas of your life that you want to change for the better. I utilize a strengths based and holistic approach to treatment. I believe that our thoughts, feelings and behaviors are interconnected. The therapeutic relationship is a fantastic starting point to promote self growth and recognition that you are able to implement change. I look forward to meeting you!
My goal as your therapist is to create a safe space where you are able to explore areas of your life that you want to change for the better. I utilize a strengths based and holistic approach to treatment. I believe that our thoughts, feelings and behaviors are interconnected. The therapeutic relationship is a fantastic starting point to promote self growth and recognition that you are able to implement change. I look forward to meeting you!
(267) 323-1212 View (267) 323-1212
Photo of Alexis Koerner, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Alexis Koerner
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Philadelphia, PA 19127
Are you feeling stuck in a cycle of using substances, disordered eating, or self harming? It IS possible to recover from more than one addiction or behavior at once. If you're struggling with these issues while also dealing with depression, anxiety, or trauma, you're not alone. I'm here to help you to finally heal and recover. I will listen without any judgement. Together, we'll find your way out of this cycle. I'm here to help you find the tools and strategies that work specific to you.
Are you feeling stuck in a cycle of using substances, disordered eating, or self harming? It IS possible to recover from more than one addiction or behavior at once. If you're struggling with these issues while also dealing with depression, anxiety, or trauma, you're not alone. I'm here to help you to finally heal and recover. I will listen without any judgement. Together, we'll find your way out of this cycle. I'm here to help you find the tools and strategies that work specific to you.
(267) 733-6454 View (267) 733-6454
Photo of Julie Jacobson, Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Julie Jacobson
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
6 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19127
Welcome! I am glad you're here! My therapeutic approach is rooted in the belief that we all have a home within ourselves and I am delighted to accompany my clients on their path towards a more compassionate relationship with themselves. Perhaps you are seeking therapy for a specific reason or wound, a pattern that feels impossible to break- or maybe you know that a more peaceful and fulfilling life is possible, but you could use some support. The therapeutic relationship is a vehicle, and in our sessions you will cultivate a deeper understanding of yourself and what you need to experience more satisfaction in all areas of life.
Welcome! I am glad you're here! My therapeutic approach is rooted in the belief that we all have a home within ourselves and I am delighted to accompany my clients on their path towards a more compassionate relationship with themselves. Perhaps you are seeking therapy for a specific reason or wound, a pattern that feels impossible to break- or maybe you know that a more peaceful and fulfilling life is possible, but you could use some support. The therapeutic relationship is a vehicle, and in our sessions you will cultivate a deeper understanding of yourself and what you need to experience more satisfaction in all areas of life.
(484) 309-3933 View (484) 309-3933
Photo of Carolyn Michaels, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Carolyn Michaels
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19127
My clients come to me because they want to deepen and strengthen their relationships - not just with each other, but with themselves. They want to understand the family and societal systems that shaped them into who they are today, and to heal old wounds and trauma so that they can move forward from a place of strength, healing, and connection. Many of my clients exist at the intersection of multiple marginalized identities, and have struggled to find a therapist who will understand and not further stigmatize their identities, and who is committed to unlearning systems of oppression. I seek to provide a healing space for them.
My clients come to me because they want to deepen and strengthen their relationships - not just with each other, but with themselves. They want to understand the family and societal systems that shaped them into who they are today, and to heal old wounds and trauma so that they can move forward from a place of strength, healing, and connection. Many of my clients exist at the intersection of multiple marginalized identities, and have struggled to find a therapist who will understand and not further stigmatize their identities, and who is committed to unlearning systems of oppression. I seek to provide a healing space for them.
(215) 475-5797 View (215) 475-5797
Photo of Lauren Williams, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Lauren Williams
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
2 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19127
Hi, my name is Lauren Williams. I believe that the foundation of effective therapy lies in the relationship between therapist and client. My approach is rooted in creating a safe, trusting, and compassionate space where you can feel heard, understood, and supported. I work with individuals who are ready to engage in a collaborative process, exploring the challenges they face and discovering pathways to healing and personal growth. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) with over 10 years of experience. My goal is to walk alongside you as we work together to better understand your struggles and uncover your strengths.
Hi, my name is Lauren Williams. I believe that the foundation of effective therapy lies in the relationship between therapist and client. My approach is rooted in creating a safe, trusting, and compassionate space where you can feel heard, understood, and supported. I work with individuals who are ready to engage in a collaborative process, exploring the challenges they face and discovering pathways to healing and personal growth. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) with over 10 years of experience. My goal is to walk alongside you as we work together to better understand your struggles and uncover your strengths.
(484) 209-2701 View (484) 209-2701
Photo of Kristin Shelesky - Associates for Well-Being, Psychologist, PhD
Associates for Well-Being
Psychologist, PhD
Philadelphia, PA 19127
The Associates for Well-Being offers supportive and integrative therapy with an emphasis on strength-based, cognitive, behavioral, mindful, and relational approaches. We are licensed, general clinicians who enjoy helping others work through difficult times in their lives, learn new coping and well-being strategies, achieve their goals, and maximize their enjoyment and fulfillment in their lives.
The Associates for Well-Being offers supportive and integrative therapy with an emphasis on strength-based, cognitive, behavioral, mindful, and relational approaches. We are licensed, general clinicians who enjoy helping others work through difficult times in their lives, learn new coping and well-being strategies, achieve their goals, and maximize their enjoyment and fulfillment in their lives.
(215) 515-6869 View (215) 515-6869
Photo of Alexandria Dobrikovic, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW
Alexandria Dobrikovic
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW
3 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19127
I am so glad you are here. Being here is the first step in your healing journey. And taking that first step is one of the bravest things you can do. I specialize in helping with anxiety, health anxiety, trauma, family dynamics, women’s issues, pre-natal/post-natal, burnout, and substance misuse. In addition to somatic work, I use several other modalities in my practice: Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), and mindfulness. Based on my clients’ needs, my modality may vary. Overall, I’ll use a strengths-based holistic approach, catering to each individual’s personal needs and goals.
I am so glad you are here. Being here is the first step in your healing journey. And taking that first step is one of the bravest things you can do. I specialize in helping with anxiety, health anxiety, trauma, family dynamics, women’s issues, pre-natal/post-natal, burnout, and substance misuse. In addition to somatic work, I use several other modalities in my practice: Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), and mindfulness. Based on my clients’ needs, my modality may vary. Overall, I’ll use a strengths-based holistic approach, catering to each individual’s personal needs and goals.
(484) 882-0665 View (484) 882-0665
Photo of Jill Farabelli, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LSCW, APHSW-C
Jill Farabelli
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LSCW, APHSW-C
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19127
Sometimes life is messy and navigating it on our own can feel overwhelming. Whether you are facing a life transition, a change in relationship, or a serious illness or grief, you may find yourself struggling. Recognizing this is a big step and reaching out for help is one of the bravest things you can do. I value each human's uniqueness and approach therapy from a place of warmth, compassion and free of judgment. I believe that a good therapeutic relationship allows us to be seen, heard and offers an opportunity for healing and growth.
Sometimes life is messy and navigating it on our own can feel overwhelming. Whether you are facing a life transition, a change in relationship, or a serious illness or grief, you may find yourself struggling. Recognizing this is a big step and reaching out for help is one of the bravest things you can do. I value each human's uniqueness and approach therapy from a place of warmth, compassion and free of judgment. I believe that a good therapeutic relationship allows us to be seen, heard and offers an opportunity for healing and growth.
(484) 218-3177 View (484) 218-3177
Photo of Laure E. DeForges, Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, NCC, LPC
Laure E. DeForges
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, NCC, LPC
Philadelphia, PA 19127
Welcome! I would like you to know that you are here on purpose and the first step is that you acknowledged that things haven't been "OK". If you are an adult surviving life’s most difficult challenges from your traumatic experiences, to stress, unhappiness, life transitions, self-doubt or you’re losing your way - I’ve had you in mind and created a space for you. My hope is that you’ll take the time to connect with me and allow me to help you overcome those obstacles. You’ll have the tools to face the world - anything that prevents you from being the best version of yourself.
Welcome! I would like you to know that you are here on purpose and the first step is that you acknowledged that things haven't been "OK". If you are an adult surviving life’s most difficult challenges from your traumatic experiences, to stress, unhappiness, life transitions, self-doubt or you’re losing your way - I’ve had you in mind and created a space for you. My hope is that you’ll take the time to connect with me and allow me to help you overcome those obstacles. You’ll have the tools to face the world - anything that prevents you from being the best version of yourself.
(610) 881-6710 View (610) 881-6710
Photo of Shannon Stewart, Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, LAPC
Shannon Stewart
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, LAPC
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19127
Our lives often ask so much of us that taking even one hour for ourselves can feel radical. As someone deeply familiar with PTSD and the lasting effects of complex trauma, I know how important it is to intentionally create space for healing and to be accurately witnessed. Therapy with me is an hour devoted to attunement, support, and movement toward what you truly want. My clinical training at Northwestern provided a strong therapeutic foundation, and my background in teaching shapes how I guide and collaborate with clients. My hope is that therapy becomes a place where you meet yourself with accountability, presence, and real love.
Our lives often ask so much of us that taking even one hour for ourselves can feel radical. As someone deeply familiar with PTSD and the lasting effects of complex trauma, I know how important it is to intentionally create space for healing and to be accurately witnessed. Therapy with me is an hour devoted to attunement, support, and movement toward what you truly want. My clinical training at Northwestern provided a strong therapeutic foundation, and my background in teaching shapes how I guide and collaborate with clients. My hope is that therapy becomes a place where you meet yourself with accountability, presence, and real love.
(215) 392-8714 View (215) 392-8714
Photo of Kaitlyn Farrell, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Kaitlyn Farrell
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
5 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19127
Therapy is a journey you and I take together. In times of pain and discomfort, we have the potential to grow into a stronger version of ourselves. My goal as your therapist will be to create a safe space where we can explore ways to decrease distress, so that you can live life feeling lighter and unburdened.
Therapy is a journey you and I take together. In times of pain and discomfort, we have the potential to grow into a stronger version of ourselves. My goal as your therapist will be to create a safe space where we can explore ways to decrease distress, so that you can live life feeling lighter and unburdened.
(215) 709-7957 View (215) 709-7957
Photo of Estefania Luna, Psychologist, PsyD
Estefania Luna
Psychologist, PsyD
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19127
Are you overwhelmed by anxiety, depression, or the weight of challenges like trauma, grief, emotion dysregulation, self-harm and relationship struggles? Does it cast a shadow over your day-to-day life, leaving you exhausted and wondering if life could be better? In challenging times many share similar feelings of uncertainty about overcoming difficulties, but there is hope and answers. Hope is the ability to see light despite darkness, and achieving balance and fulfillment shouldn't be arduous. I'm here to guide you through, offering assurance that you can find peace even in challenging times.
Are you overwhelmed by anxiety, depression, or the weight of challenges like trauma, grief, emotion dysregulation, self-harm and relationship struggles? Does it cast a shadow over your day-to-day life, leaving you exhausted and wondering if life could be better? In challenging times many share similar feelings of uncertainty about overcoming difficulties, but there is hope and answers. Hope is the ability to see light despite darkness, and achieving balance and fulfillment shouldn't be arduous. I'm here to guide you through, offering assurance that you can find peace even in challenging times.
(720) 783-2818 View (720) 783-2818
Photo of Sam Sperling - Sam Sperling (licensed in PA, NJ and DE), Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Sam Sperling (licensed in PA, NJ and DE)
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
2 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19127
Your life has become exhausting. You have so much to do and your efforts never feel like they are enough. You would like to take time to slow down and focus on yourself for a change, but when will that realistically happen? There will always be something else to get done and you can’t seem to catch a break. Maybe your pain is taking the driver's seat, unsure of when your next flare up will strike. Maybe you've made your world smaller in hopes of having more control, but things continue to feel not quite right. You feel stuck in this place for what feels like an eternity and feeling uncertain about the future has become the norm.
Your life has become exhausting. You have so much to do and your efforts never feel like they are enough. You would like to take time to slow down and focus on yourself for a change, but when will that realistically happen? There will always be something else to get done and you can’t seem to catch a break. Maybe your pain is taking the driver's seat, unsure of when your next flare up will strike. Maybe you've made your world smaller in hopes of having more control, but things continue to feel not quite right. You feel stuck in this place for what feels like an eternity and feeling uncertain about the future has become the norm.
(267) 662-2861 View (267) 662-2861
Photo of Jillian Jackson Williams, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Jillian Jackson Williams
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
2 Endorsed
Serves Area
Life is not easy and I believe most people would benefit from someone impartial to help navigate that uneasiness. I use a holistic approach to help individuals, couples and families with depression, anxiety, PTSD, substance use, stress, ADHD and a myriad of other issues and conditions. The goal of my practice is to create a collaborative relationship where people can identify goals, reduce stress, and find peace. My practice is designed to assist people in all circumstances: whether you need to address something that happened years ago, a recent life event, or you just want guidance on living your best life.
Life is not easy and I believe most people would benefit from someone impartial to help navigate that uneasiness. I use a holistic approach to help individuals, couples and families with depression, anxiety, PTSD, substance use, stress, ADHD and a myriad of other issues and conditions. The goal of my practice is to create a collaborative relationship where people can identify goals, reduce stress, and find peace. My practice is designed to assist people in all circumstances: whether you need to address something that happened years ago, a recent life event, or you just want guidance on living your best life.
(610) 379-1826 View (610) 379-1826

See more therapy options for 19127

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 19127

80+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in 19127 who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
88% Relationship Issues
88% Depression
83% Stress
82% Self Esteem
69% Trauma and PTSD
66% Grief

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

83% Aetna
56% Cigna and Evernorth
41% Optum

How Therapists in 19127 see their clients

64% In Person and Online
36% Online Only

Gender breakdown

75% Female
24% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 19127?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.