Therapists in 18049

Photo of Giavanna Heaton, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, LAMFT
Giavanna Heaton
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, LAMFT
Emmaus, PA 18049
You don’t have to remain unsatisfied, be it at work, with friends and family, or in romantic partnerships. You engage in various relationships, most importantly the one we have with ourselves. Relational wellness warrants our attention and care. By gaining a deeper self-understanding and cultivating the skills necessary to modify behaviors, you can create a foundation for healthy patterns. This, in turn, will empower you to attract relationships that are healthy and happy. Invest in yourself, become mindful and learn how to be intentional. The journey can be challenging but exhilarating!
You don’t have to remain unsatisfied, be it at work, with friends and family, or in romantic partnerships. You engage in various relationships, most importantly the one we have with ourselves. Relational wellness warrants our attention and care. By gaining a deeper self-understanding and cultivating the skills necessary to modify behaviors, you can create a foundation for healthy patterns. This, in turn, will empower you to attract relationships that are healthy and happy. Invest in yourself, become mindful and learn how to be intentional. The journey can be challenging but exhilarating!
(484) 989-8041 View (484) 989-8041
Photo of Kate Lampe, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MA
Kate Lampe
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MA
1 Endorsed
Emmaus, PA 18049
I feel that living life as freely and fully as we are meant to do incorporates both our successes and our failures. We all have ways that we shine and places where we could improve. Our relationship to life is key to healthy passionate living. Symptoms of anxiety, addiction, depression, and confusion can be used to make needed course corrections to restore the balance of life.
I feel that living life as freely and fully as we are meant to do incorporates both our successes and our failures. We all have ways that we shine and places where we could improve. Our relationship to life is key to healthy passionate living. Symptoms of anxiety, addiction, depression, and confusion can be used to make needed course corrections to restore the balance of life.
(484) 772-2253 View (484) 772-2253
Photo of Letecia M Garcia, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Letecia M Garcia
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
5 Endorsed
Emmaus, PA 18049
I am a liberation and embodiment-oriented healing companion, empowering people seeking a trauma-certified practitioner with support through the things that make living life, understanding ourselves, and connecting with others feel so hard. I bring a curious and expansive approach to support the exploration and integration of life experiences and authentic identity: relational, familial, cultural, gender, sexuality, race, ability, etc. I specialize in Complex (Sexual/Relational/Intergenerational) Trauma, intimate and familial relationship challenges, grief, life transitions, low self-esteem, Queer/Trans support, and decolonial care.
I am a liberation and embodiment-oriented healing companion, empowering people seeking a trauma-certified practitioner with support through the things that make living life, understanding ourselves, and connecting with others feel so hard. I bring a curious and expansive approach to support the exploration and integration of life experiences and authentic identity: relational, familial, cultural, gender, sexuality, race, ability, etc. I specialize in Complex (Sexual/Relational/Intergenerational) Trauma, intimate and familial relationship challenges, grief, life transitions, low self-esteem, Queer/Trans support, and decolonial care.
(610) 569-0726 View (610) 569-0726
Photo of Deborah Stoner, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Deborah Stoner
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
1 Endorsed
Emmaus, PA 18049
Bodhi the therapy dog and I will welcome you into our cozy, relaxed, and informal office space. Here you can safely work on your anxieties, stressors, and traumas. Relationships, work-life, illnesses, accidents, etc. can take a toll on us. Having a supportive and experienced person to help you address these is often the key to thriving and not just surviving.
Bodhi the therapy dog and I will welcome you into our cozy, relaxed, and informal office space. Here you can safely work on your anxieties, stressors, and traumas. Relationships, work-life, illnesses, accidents, etc. can take a toll on us. Having a supportive and experienced person to help you address these is often the key to thriving and not just surviving.
(610) 422-3815 View (610) 422-3815
Photo of Kimberly J Luybli, Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, NCC, LPC
Kimberly J Luybli
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, NCC, LPC
Emmaus, PA 18049
Hi, I'm Kim Luybli. I offer counseling and psychotherapy services for teens (18+) through adults. My services can help you with depression, anxiety, relationship difficulties, emotional difficulties, grief and loss, women's issues, college student issues, stress management, and personal growth. I practice a collaborative approach to therapy where client and counselor join together to form an interpersonal relationship based on respect and mutual understanding. I work with clients to develop goals for therapy that fit their own personal needs. My approach is warm, genuine, and includes a sense of humor which creates a trusting atmosphere for my clients.
Hi, I'm Kim Luybli. I offer counseling and psychotherapy services for teens (18+) through adults. My services can help you with depression, anxiety, relationship difficulties, emotional difficulties, grief and loss, women's issues, college student issues, stress management, and personal growth. I practice a collaborative approach to therapy where client and counselor join together to form an interpersonal relationship based on respect and mutual understanding. I work with clients to develop goals for therapy that fit their own personal needs. My approach is warm, genuine, and includes a sense of humor which creates a trusting atmosphere for my clients.
(610) 915-8848 View (610) 915-8848
Photo of Pam Fullerton, Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC
Pam Fullerton
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC
Emmaus, PA 18049
When you're facing life's challenges, whether personal or within your relationships, I seek to understand the complexity of what you're going through. You might be struggling with depression, emotional turmoil, anxiety, or relationship issues. In our sessions, I'm here to offer you emotional support, guidance, and a deep understanding of your unique journey. Together, we'll work towards gaining self-awareness and personal growth, helping you navigate these challenges with more ease and resilience. Your well-being and the strength of your relationships matter, and I'm committed to walking this path with you towards a fulfilling life.
When you're facing life's challenges, whether personal or within your relationships, I seek to understand the complexity of what you're going through. You might be struggling with depression, emotional turmoil, anxiety, or relationship issues. In our sessions, I'm here to offer you emotional support, guidance, and a deep understanding of your unique journey. Together, we'll work towards gaining self-awareness and personal growth, helping you navigate these challenges with more ease and resilience. Your well-being and the strength of your relationships matter, and I'm committed to walking this path with you towards a fulfilling life.
(610) 915-8011 View (610) 915-8011
Photo of Ashley L. Baldwin, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC
Ashley L. Baldwin
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC
Emmaus, PA 18049
As warm and compassionate therapists, we are committed to understanding your needs, life experiences, and strengths that have shaped you into the unique person you are today. We have expertise working with individuals of all ages in a variety of clinical settings. Collaboratively, we will develop healthy coping strategies that will allow you to effectively manage your life stressors and process your past that have left you feeling stuck, so you can move forward with intention & purpose.
As warm and compassionate therapists, we are committed to understanding your needs, life experiences, and strengths that have shaped you into the unique person you are today. We have expertise working with individuals of all ages in a variety of clinical settings. Collaboratively, we will develop healthy coping strategies that will allow you to effectively manage your life stressors and process your past that have left you feeling stuck, so you can move forward with intention & purpose.
(610) 756-0437 View (610) 756-0437
Photo of Amy Keyser, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Amy Keyser
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
1 Endorsed
Emmaus, PA 18049
My vision has always been to create an inviting environment to explore and understand what it is you're searching for in yourself to be the best you can be and to have that better life for yourself. Therapy should be a support that you can go to when you are feeling sad, angry, fearful, hate, happiness, and any other emotion you feel comfortable in talking about. This is a time in your life to have that space to be open and real with yourself and I can be the person who will open those doors and lend a helping hand.
My vision has always been to create an inviting environment to explore and understand what it is you're searching for in yourself to be the best you can be and to have that better life for yourself. Therapy should be a support that you can go to when you are feeling sad, angry, fearful, hate, happiness, and any other emotion you feel comfortable in talking about. This is a time in your life to have that space to be open and real with yourself and I can be the person who will open those doors and lend a helping hand.
(484) 930-1034 View (484) 930-1034
Photo of Philip Anthony Nastasee, Psychologist, PhD
Philip Anthony Nastasee
Psychologist, PhD
Emmaus, PA 18049
I specialize in working with people in transition. These transitions have many sources, but we all struggle with them to some degree. In short, crisis provides danger and opportunity. I facilitate growth and change, rather than being reductionistic and focusing solely on symptoms. Together my clients and I collaborate to create new insights, develop new skills and eliminate old, unproductive ways of thinking and behaving.
I specialize in working with people in transition. These transitions have many sources, but we all struggle with them to some degree. In short, crisis provides danger and opportunity. I facilitate growth and change, rather than being reductionistic and focusing solely on symptoms. Together my clients and I collaborate to create new insights, develop new skills and eliminate old, unproductive ways of thinking and behaving.
(610) 616-2844 View (610) 616-2844
Photo of Jodi Merrill, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Jodi Merrill
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
2 Endorsed
Emmaus, PA 18049
Every Child Finds Their Path. Your child is struggling — and your heart is breaking watching it happen. Maybe they’re pulling away. Maybe school feels impossible. Maybe the anger or the tears seem to come out of nowhere, and nothing you try seems to make it better. You love them more than anything, and you just want them to be okay. At Pathways For Change, we see your child — and we see you. We know how exhausting and lonely it can feel to watch your child struggle while searching for answers. That’s why our team of warm, specialized therapists is dedicated entirely to children and teens, using play therapy, CBT, & many more.
Every Child Finds Their Path. Your child is struggling — and your heart is breaking watching it happen. Maybe they’re pulling away. Maybe school feels impossible. Maybe the anger or the tears seem to come out of nowhere, and nothing you try seems to make it better. You love them more than anything, and you just want them to be okay. At Pathways For Change, we see your child — and we see you. We know how exhausting and lonely it can feel to watch your child struggle while searching for answers. That’s why our team of warm, specialized therapists is dedicated entirely to children and teens, using play therapy, CBT, & many more.
(610) 928-1097 View (610) 928-1097
Photo of Carmen Garrison, Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Carmen Garrison
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Emmaus, PA 18049
My philosophy is that positive change is possible for everyone. I believe that achieving wellness is a journey, and I am dedicated to helping others along their path. Using a compassionate, person-centered style; I work collaboratively with my clients. My holistic approach to wellness focuses on all areas of wellness; mind, body and soul. Finding balance gives us the strength to face challenges in our lives. Through counseling, hope can be restored. In my nine years of working with individuals and families, I have seen an immense amount of resiliency and hope. "Once you choose hope, anything is possible"
My philosophy is that positive change is possible for everyone. I believe that achieving wellness is a journey, and I am dedicated to helping others along their path. Using a compassionate, person-centered style; I work collaboratively with my clients. My holistic approach to wellness focuses on all areas of wellness; mind, body and soul. Finding balance gives us the strength to face challenges in our lives. Through counseling, hope can be restored. In my nine years of working with individuals and families, I have seen an immense amount of resiliency and hope. "Once you choose hope, anything is possible"
(610) 628-4157 View (610) 628-4157
Photo of Lori B. Yoder, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSS, LCSW, CHT
Lori B. Yoder
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSS, LCSW, CHT
Emmaus, PA 18049
Welcome to Sacred Soul Space! Whether you're navigating anxiety, grief, trauma, dissociation, or persistent emotional pain, I work collaboratively with you to access your own internal strengths and clarity. Our body and our mind want us to heal. They offer signs and clues, inviting us to slow down, listen, and reconnect with our inner wisdom. Healing begins when we learn to trust those messages and approach ourselves with curiosity and compassion. I’m here to support that journey with tools that go beyond talk therapy, engaging both the nervous system and the inner self. I'd be honored to walk alongside you.
Welcome to Sacred Soul Space! Whether you're navigating anxiety, grief, trauma, dissociation, or persistent emotional pain, I work collaboratively with you to access your own internal strengths and clarity. Our body and our mind want us to heal. They offer signs and clues, inviting us to slow down, listen, and reconnect with our inner wisdom. Healing begins when we learn to trust those messages and approach ourselves with curiosity and compassion. I’m here to support that journey with tools that go beyond talk therapy, engaging both the nervous system and the inner self. I'd be honored to walk alongside you.
(267) 915-6506 View (267) 915-6506
Photo of Jenna Park, Counselor, LPC, LPAT, ATR-BC, ACS
Jenna Park
Counselor, LPC, LPAT, ATR-BC, ACS
5 Endorsed
Emmaus, PA 18049
When feelings of powerlessness and insecurity become reflected in eating habits, body image, and emotional wellness, life can feel confusing and difficult. You may find yourself preoccupied with distressing thoughts, mood reliant on what you ate, and self worth dependent on a number on the scale. I am here to help you take control of your narrative and gain freedom from the confines of disordered eating and distorted body image. Through compassionate guidance and evidence-based techniques, I help clients develop resilience, self-awareness, and coping strategies essential for sustainable recovery.
When feelings of powerlessness and insecurity become reflected in eating habits, body image, and emotional wellness, life can feel confusing and difficult. You may find yourself preoccupied with distressing thoughts, mood reliant on what you ate, and self worth dependent on a number on the scale. I am here to help you take control of your narrative and gain freedom from the confines of disordered eating and distorted body image. Through compassionate guidance and evidence-based techniques, I help clients develop resilience, self-awareness, and coping strategies essential for sustainable recovery.
(973) 922-9422 View (973) 922-9422
Photo of Emily Calcagni, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Emily Calcagni
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
3 Endorsed
Serves Area
Finding a therapist who truly "gets it" can feel like a daunting task, especially when you're navigating the complexities of identity alongside mental health challenges and life stressors. Whether you identify as LGBTQIA+, you are a family member/friend/partner of someone who does, or you are just struggling to cope with daily life, I am here as an added support. I strive to offer a safe and supportive environment to work through LGBTQIA+ issues, neurodivergence, anxiety, depression, trauma, and other mood disorders and disturbance. I typically work with ages 10 and up, but also have experience with younger kiddos.
Finding a therapist who truly "gets it" can feel like a daunting task, especially when you're navigating the complexities of identity alongside mental health challenges and life stressors. Whether you identify as LGBTQIA+, you are a family member/friend/partner of someone who does, or you are just struggling to cope with daily life, I am here as an added support. I strive to offer a safe and supportive environment to work through LGBTQIA+ issues, neurodivergence, anxiety, depression, trauma, and other mood disorders and disturbance. I typically work with ages 10 and up, but also have experience with younger kiddos.
(610) 467-5422 View (610) 467-5422
Photo of Annalisa Bova, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Annalisa Bova
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
3 Endorsed
Serves Area
If you’ve spent years feeling at war with food or your body, you’re not the problem—our culture is. We live in a world that praises restriction, pathologizes fatness, and turns self-worth into a reflection of size. My work as an eating disorder therapist is rooted in an anti-diet, fat-positive, Health at Every Size (HAES) perspective I treat bulimia, and binge eating disorder (BED) through a lens that sees your struggle not as a failure of willpower or control, but as a deeply human response to living in a culture obsessed with thinness and perfectionism.
If you’ve spent years feeling at war with food or your body, you’re not the problem—our culture is. We live in a world that praises restriction, pathologizes fatness, and turns self-worth into a reflection of size. My work as an eating disorder therapist is rooted in an anti-diet, fat-positive, Health at Every Size (HAES) perspective I treat bulimia, and binge eating disorder (BED) through a lens that sees your struggle not as a failure of willpower or control, but as a deeply human response to living in a culture obsessed with thinness and perfectionism.
(610) 991-8036 View (610) 991-8036
Photo of Mehrnaz Shoultes, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Mehrnaz Shoultes
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Serves Area
Mehrnaz Shoultes is a Licensed Professional Counselor in Pennsylvania who has been practicing since 2020. Mehrnaz believes everyone is their own expert in their healing journey and she helps clients recognize their own strengths. As they are able to identify their strengths, they become more powerful and in control of their lives. Outside of work, Mehrnaz enjoys spending time out in nature, listening to music, dance, and travel.
Mehrnaz Shoultes is a Licensed Professional Counselor in Pennsylvania who has been practicing since 2020. Mehrnaz believes everyone is their own expert in their healing journey and she helps clients recognize their own strengths. As they are able to identify their strengths, they become more powerful and in control of their lives. Outside of work, Mehrnaz enjoys spending time out in nature, listening to music, dance, and travel.
(484) 997-6355 View (484) 997-6355
Photo of Julie Mackey, Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Julie Mackey
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
5 Endorsed
Serves Area
Are you feeling stressed and overwhelmed? Do you feel sad or anxious? Do you have concerns with your partner or your child? My calm and gentle style enables me to work with people of all ages in a manner that draws upon your inherent strengths to overcome the obstacles you face. I use an empowering approach to help you feel better in a way that is compassionate, challenging, validating, and rewarding. I am also available to provide supervision for licensure as a professional counselor in Pennsylvania.
Are you feeling stressed and overwhelmed? Do you feel sad or anxious? Do you have concerns with your partner or your child? My calm and gentle style enables me to work with people of all ages in a manner that draws upon your inherent strengths to overcome the obstacles you face. I use an empowering approach to help you feel better in a way that is compassionate, challenging, validating, and rewarding. I am also available to provide supervision for licensure as a professional counselor in Pennsylvania.
(610) 708-0461 View (610) 708-0461
Photo of E. Christopher Payne, Psychologist, PhD
E. Christopher Payne
Psychologist, PhD
Serves Area
My goal as a therapist is to support and empower my clients to successfully navigate life's challenges and find solutions to their problems. I believe that establishing a positive therapeutic relationship, grounded in respect for diversity of experience, is the most critical factor in helping my clients change and feel better about themselves.
My goal as a therapist is to support and empower my clients to successfully navigate life's challenges and find solutions to their problems. I believe that establishing a positive therapeutic relationship, grounded in respect for diversity of experience, is the most critical factor in helping my clients change and feel better about themselves.
(610) 915-8826 View (610) 915-8826
Photo of Frank Gerlach, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Frank Gerlach
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
My experiences taught me that seeing things from others’ perspectives is key to building positive relationships, and that showing respect and dignity toward others leads to greater understanding. I believe that progress is relative to each individual and is best understood within the context of their unique experiences and goals.
My experiences taught me that seeing things from others’ perspectives is key to building positive relationships, and that showing respect and dignity toward others leads to greater understanding. I believe that progress is relative to each individual and is best understood within the context of their unique experiences and goals.
(484) 739-8718 View (484) 739-8718
Photo of Korina Hasbrouck, Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Korina Hasbrouck
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Serves Area
Korina Hasbrouck is a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist in Pennsylvania who has been practicing since 2006. She has an Associate’s Degree in Pre-Professional Psychology, a Bachelor of Arts in Psychology, and a Master of Science in Marriage and Family Therapy. Korina is specifically trained and experienced to work with individuals, children, couples, and families who are having difficulties with their mental health and relationship issues. Outside of work, Korina enjoys spending time with her teenage daughter, watching movies and good television series with her family, and playing with her silly dogs, Mort and Giddy.Korina Hasbr
Korina Hasbrouck is a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist in Pennsylvania who has been practicing since 2006. She has an Associate’s Degree in Pre-Professional Psychology, a Bachelor of Arts in Psychology, and a Master of Science in Marriage and Family Therapy. Korina is specifically trained and experienced to work with individuals, children, couples, and families who are having difficulties with their mental health and relationship issues. Outside of work, Korina enjoys spending time with her teenage daughter, watching movies and good television series with her family, and playing with her silly dogs, Mort and Giddy.Korina Hasbr
(484) 263-8436 View (484) 263-8436

See more therapy options for 18049

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 18049

60+

Average cost per session

$130

Therapists in 18049 who prioritize treating:

95% Anxiety
84% Depression
76% Trauma and PTSD
68% Relationship Issues
67% Self Esteem
65% Grief
56% Stress

Average years in practice

14 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

94% Highmark
83% Aetna
72% Capital Blue Cross

How Therapists in 18049 see their clients

81% In Person and Online
19% Online Only

Gender breakdown

84% Female
14% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 18049?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.