Photo of Denise Gooden, Licensed Professional Counselor in 18018, PA
Denise Gooden
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Bethlehem, PA 18018
I have my masters degree in clinical mental health counseling. I focus on acting as a therapeutic support in assisting people in improving their lives by gaining personal insights about themselves. My goal is to help clients gain stability and manageability over their underlying problems that impeded on them being a productive member of society. I help clients to develop healthy coping skills and raise level of functioning as well as satisfaction.
I have my masters degree in clinical mental health counseling. I focus on acting as a therapeutic support in assisting people in improving their lives by gaining personal insights about themselves. My goal is to help clients gain stability and manageability over their underlying problems that impeded on them being a productive member of society. I help clients to develop healthy coping skills and raise level of functioning as well as satisfaction.
(610) 298-9415 View (610) 298-9415
Photo of Carol A Corso in 18018, PA
Carol A Corso
MA
Verified Verified
Bethlehem, PA 18018
My work with children, adolescents and adults is client-centered and strength-based. I believe that as we move through life stages, there are times when we experience difficulty, loss or pain. My goal as a therapist is to help my clients feel acceptance, empathy and positive regard. My approach with clients is non-judgmental; my goal is to help clients work through difficult times and tough issues.
My work with children, adolescents and adults is client-centered and strength-based. I believe that as we move through life stages, there are times when we experience difficulty, loss or pain. My goal as a therapist is to help my clients feel acceptance, empathy and positive regard. My approach with clients is non-judgmental; my goal is to help clients work through difficult times and tough issues.
(484) 334-2131 View (484) 334-2131
Photo of Ulanda R. Davis, Pastoral Counselor in 18018, PA
Ulanda R. Davis
Pastoral Counselor, PhD, ND, CpastC, CPCT, HHSC
Verified Verified
Bethlehem, PA 18018
Hi. I'm Dr. Ulanda Davis. I offer Professional and Pastoral Counseling and Coaching and Naturopathic Care. I have helped many people over the last 20 years or so to develop healthy habits, relationships, and spirituality. Having support that you can to trust and relate to is very important to your success. I am genuinely sensitive to these needs and concerns without judgment. I'll work with you and be a support throughout the journey to wholeness. I offer a holistic approach to mental, emotional and physical wellness.
Hi. I'm Dr. Ulanda Davis. I offer Professional and Pastoral Counseling and Coaching and Naturopathic Care. I have helped many people over the last 20 years or so to develop healthy habits, relationships, and spirituality. Having support that you can to trust and relate to is very important to your success. I am genuinely sensitive to these needs and concerns without judgment. I'll work with you and be a support throughout the journey to wholeness. I offer a holistic approach to mental, emotional and physical wellness.
(484) 626-5024 View (484) 626-5024
Photo of David Beedlemann, Pre-Licensed Professional in 18018, PA
David Beedlemann
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Bethlehem, PA 18018
I specialize in supporting individuals navigating stress, anxiety, and relationship challenges. My ideal client values personal growth, seeking practical tools and insights in a safe, empathetic space. Together, we work towards building resilience, healthier relationships, and a more fulfilling life. If you're ready for positive change and a collaborative therapeutic relationship, I'm here to support you.
I specialize in supporting individuals navigating stress, anxiety, and relationship challenges. My ideal client values personal growth, seeking practical tools and insights in a safe, empathetic space. Together, we work towards building resilience, healthier relationships, and a more fulfilling life. If you're ready for positive change and a collaborative therapeutic relationship, I'm here to support you.
(484) 749-9306 View (484) 749-9306
Photo of Dr. Rebecca Assadnia, Psychologist in 18018, PA
Dr. Rebecca Assadnia
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Bethlehem, PA 18018
I provide therapy to adults struggling with a range of problems and focus on grief, health-based concerns, trauma, substance use, anxiety, and depression. I believe in meeting clients where they are and creating collaborative treatment plans that correspond with your values. My role is to guide and support as you intentionally move toward your goals. I believe we all have the skills needed to find our purpose, and I can help along the way.
I provide therapy to adults struggling with a range of problems and focus on grief, health-based concerns, trauma, substance use, anxiety, and depression. I believe in meeting clients where they are and creating collaborative treatment plans that correspond with your values. My role is to guide and support as you intentionally move toward your goals. I believe we all have the skills needed to find our purpose, and I can help along the way.
(484) 326-3698 View (484) 326-3698
Photo of A New Dawn Psychotherapy Associates, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in 18018, PA
A New Dawn Psychotherapy Associates
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSS , MLSP, LCSW
Verified Verified
Bethlehem, PA 18018
Rana has extensive experience working with adults, couples, children and their families in a variety of clinical settings. She has pursued additional certification and training in trauma, mediation, family issues, and attachment. She performs immigration evaluations and assessments for families seeking fertility assistance. Rana works with clients that struggle with depression, anxiety, grief/loss, life changes, employment issues, interpersonal and relationship problems as well as trauma. She uses cognitive behavioral, narrative, and psychodynamic techniques to help people meet their individual goals for therapy.
Rana has extensive experience working with adults, couples, children and their families in a variety of clinical settings. She has pursued additional certification and training in trauma, mediation, family issues, and attachment. She performs immigration evaluations and assessments for families seeking fertility assistance. Rana works with clients that struggle with depression, anxiety, grief/loss, life changes, employment issues, interpersonal and relationship problems as well as trauma. She uses cognitive behavioral, narrative, and psychodynamic techniques to help people meet their individual goals for therapy.
(484) 469-9161 View (484) 469-9161
Photo of Lisa Mawhinney, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in 18018, PA
Lisa Mawhinney
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Bethlehem, PA 18018
Not accepting new clients
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker specializing in CBT and Evidenced-Based Treatment for symptoms of depression, anxiety, and Trauma. My style to Therapy is authentic and empathetic in order to comfort you. Therapy is you'r best investment and tool for growth. Together, we can decide what works for you as far as therapy modalities and take it from there. Previously, I worked in school districts with special needs adolescents, numerous group practices, nursing facility, telehealth, and private practice.
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker specializing in CBT and Evidenced-Based Treatment for symptoms of depression, anxiety, and Trauma. My style to Therapy is authentic and empathetic in order to comfort you. Therapy is you'r best investment and tool for growth. Together, we can decide what works for you as far as therapy modalities and take it from there. Previously, I worked in school districts with special needs adolescents, numerous group practices, nursing facility, telehealth, and private practice.
(484) 552-9334 View (484) 552-9334
Photo of Mojca Dusold, Licensed Professional Counselor in 18018, PA
Mojca Dusold
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
9 Endorsed
Bethlehem, PA 18018
Not accepting new clients
I value making therapy a safe and comfortable experience for my clients. Therefore I take a collaborative approach to treatment: I believe the best outcomes in therapy happen when both the client and therapist work together. It may be that therapy is new to you, or you have had a bad experience before; but I will work with you to ensure that we are addressing your needs and meeting your goals. The process of therapy is different for everyone and treatment should be viewed in the same way.
I value making therapy a safe and comfortable experience for my clients. Therefore I take a collaborative approach to treatment: I believe the best outcomes in therapy happen when both the client and therapist work together. It may be that therapy is new to you, or you have had a bad experience before; but I will work with you to ensure that we are addressing your needs and meeting your goals. The process of therapy is different for everyone and treatment should be viewed in the same way.
(484) 218-4786 View (484) 218-4786
Photo of Jill Buehler Knerr, Marriage & Family Therapist in 18018, PA
Jill Buehler Knerr
Marriage & Family Therapist, LCSW, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Bethlehem, PA 18018
I have a warm, compassionate rapport with clients. My 20 years of experience give me an excellent understanding of the issues that clients face. I have helped many people grow closer together and develop a more healthy understanding of their situations. I work with both individuals and couples/families in a non-judgmental atmosphere. I like working collaboratively with clients who are motivated to acknowledge their issues and work on them. I like to work from a faith-based perspective. We will define the problem for which you seek help, set goals and regularly assess your progress towards these goals.
I have a warm, compassionate rapport with clients. My 20 years of experience give me an excellent understanding of the issues that clients face. I have helped many people grow closer together and develop a more healthy understanding of their situations. I work with both individuals and couples/families in a non-judgmental atmosphere. I like working collaboratively with clients who are motivated to acknowledge their issues and work on them. I like to work from a faith-based perspective. We will define the problem for which you seek help, set goals and regularly assess your progress towards these goals.
(610) 810-1499 View (610) 810-1499
Photo of Tracy E Hill PhD & Associates LLC, Licensed Professional Counselor in 18018, PA
Tracy E Hill PhD & Associates LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, PMHNP, LPC, PhD, LCSW, LSW
Verified Verified
Bethlehem, PA 18018
Tracy E. Hill PhD & Associates LLC has a variety of clinicians to choose from. Whether you want virtual (NY residents) or in person; we have clinicians who are licensed in Connecticut, Colorado, New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania. We offer both virtual and in person sessions. We have a licensed psychiatric nurse practitioner, licensed social workers and licensed professional counselors along with Ph.D.s. Our team of dedicated professional clinicians can help you figure life out when life becomes complicated.
Tracy E. Hill PhD & Associates LLC has a variety of clinicians to choose from. Whether you want virtual (NY residents) or in person; we have clinicians who are licensed in Connecticut, Colorado, New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania. We offer both virtual and in person sessions. We have a licensed psychiatric nurse practitioner, licensed social workers and licensed professional counselors along with Ph.D.s. Our team of dedicated professional clinicians can help you figure life out when life becomes complicated.
(484) 873-4187 View (484) 873-4187
Photo of Nikida Capasso, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in 18018, PA
Nikida Capasso
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, CTSP, CCTP, CMBST
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Bethlehem, PA 18018
I have experience with various clients from diverse backgrounds across a multitude of different settings. I have experience within child welfare, hospital, community mental health, and school settings. I primarily work with children/adolescents, adults, and families. I have a client-centered, solution focused approach to my practice. I assist clients to make positive life changes in order to keep moving forward towards life goals.
I have experience with various clients from diverse backgrounds across a multitude of different settings. I have experience within child welfare, hospital, community mental health, and school settings. I primarily work with children/adolescents, adults, and families. I have a client-centered, solution focused approach to my practice. I assist clients to make positive life changes in order to keep moving forward towards life goals.
(484) 946-3997 View (484) 946-3997
Photo of Joseph Kelly, Licensed Professional Counselor in 18018, PA
Joseph Kelly
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MS, NCC, CiPP, CPPC
Verified Verified
Bethlehem, PA 18018
A State Licensed Professional Counselor with an advanced Masters degree in Counseling Psychology. I have engaged in years of work with individuals, couples, and families that provide me the skills, strengths, and clinical knowledge to work with my patients in the core areas of anxiety, depression, trauma, and relationship issues of communication and trust. We explore the areas that are most important to patients in helping them move from a place of conflict, confusion, and pain to realizing their potential for happiness and well-being. We can help you understand your current challenges, grow from them, and learn to enjoy your life and your relationships.
A State Licensed Professional Counselor with an advanced Masters degree in Counseling Psychology. I have engaged in years of work with individuals, couples, and families that provide me the skills, strengths, and clinical knowledge to work with my patients in the core areas of anxiety, depression, trauma, and relationship issues of communication and trust. We explore the areas that are most important to patients in helping them move from a place of conflict, confusion, and pain to realizing their potential for happiness and well-being. We can help you understand your current challenges, grow from them, and learn to enjoy your life and your relationships.
(484) 334-8490 View (484) 334-8490
Photo of Wester Messina, Licensed Professional Counselor in 18018, PA
Wester Messina
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, CAADC
Verified Verified
Bethlehem, PA 18018
Are your struggling with debilitating symptoms of anxiety or depression? Perhaps, you are one of the millions who just feels stuck, depressed, anxious, or overwhelmed. Please know this: There is hope and you can move from suffering to engagement with life. In an accepting and compassionate manner, I will be sharing with you life-transforming skills. You will be able to approach your distress in a different way and begin to live the kind of life you truly want. Individual and couples counseling provided. Services offered in English or Spanish.
Are your struggling with debilitating symptoms of anxiety or depression? Perhaps, you are one of the millions who just feels stuck, depressed, anxious, or overwhelmed. Please know this: There is hope and you can move from suffering to engagement with life. In an accepting and compassionate manner, I will be sharing with you life-transforming skills. You will be able to approach your distress in a different way and begin to live the kind of life you truly want. Individual and couples counseling provided. Services offered in English or Spanish.
(484) 652-8239 View (484) 652-8239
Photo of Leslie Cogorno, Licensed Professional Counselor in 18018, PA
Leslie Cogorno
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Bethlehem, PA 18018
Welcome to my page, my name is Leslie Cogorno, and I am a licensed Professional Counselor. Life can often be challenging, which leaves us fatigued, stressed, and overwhelmed. I desire to walk along with you and find coping skills to help you achieve overall wellness. In your journey towards well-being, I honor the uniqueness of each individual. My approach to counseling is one that is warm, accepting, and genuine. As a counselor, I use a trauma-informed approach to all my sessions with the goal of providing a safe space where you can unpack and heal from past wounds.
Welcome to my page, my name is Leslie Cogorno, and I am a licensed Professional Counselor. Life can often be challenging, which leaves us fatigued, stressed, and overwhelmed. I desire to walk along with you and find coping skills to help you achieve overall wellness. In your journey towards well-being, I honor the uniqueness of each individual. My approach to counseling is one that is warm, accepting, and genuine. As a counselor, I use a trauma-informed approach to all my sessions with the goal of providing a safe space where you can unpack and heal from past wounds.
(484) 613-2573 View (484) 613-2573
Photo of Jolene Batarick, Licensed Professional Counselor in 18018, PA
Jolene Batarick
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Bethlehem, PA 18018
I specialize in treating eating disorders, trauma and ptsd, grief and loss, chronic pain and substance use issues. I am certified in intuitive therapy for eating disorders and am a certified trauma therapist. I strive to create a safe and nurturing atmosphere in which individuals can express themselves. I believe that compassion, empathy and patience are needed with all patients. I draw on mindfulness, DBT and CBT techniques. I also incorporate play, art and music therapy when appropriate. Each treatment is tailored to each client, so I focus on getting to know you and how you want to live your life, and what is stopping you.
I specialize in treating eating disorders, trauma and ptsd, grief and loss, chronic pain and substance use issues. I am certified in intuitive therapy for eating disorders and am a certified trauma therapist. I strive to create a safe and nurturing atmosphere in which individuals can express themselves. I believe that compassion, empathy and patience are needed with all patients. I draw on mindfulness, DBT and CBT techniques. I also incorporate play, art and music therapy when appropriate. Each treatment is tailored to each client, so I focus on getting to know you and how you want to live your life, and what is stopping you.
(484) 209-9748 View (484) 209-9748
Photo of Yamilca Rosado Ziegler, Pre-Licensed Professional in 18018, PA
Yamilca Rosado Ziegler
Pre-Licensed Professional, MACC
Verified Verified
Bethlehem, PA 18018
Feeling lost, anxious, discouraged, or just looking for a change? You have found the right place. I strive to create a welcoming environment where individuals feel that they can be and explore their true selves. As a client, you should expect to have a collaborative relationship where you can find support and encouragement and experience individual growth. As humans, we are all similar and different in many ways, and I believe anyone can achieve mental wellness if given the right tools and provided a space where they feel heard.
Feeling lost, anxious, discouraged, or just looking for a change? You have found the right place. I strive to create a welcoming environment where individuals feel that they can be and explore their true selves. As a client, you should expect to have a collaborative relationship where you can find support and encouragement and experience individual growth. As humans, we are all similar and different in many ways, and I believe anyone can achieve mental wellness if given the right tools and provided a space where they feel heard.
(484) 562-4799 View (484) 562-4799
Photo of Kimberly Thurston-Brown, Licensed Professional Counselor in 18018, PA
Kimberly Thurston-Brown
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Bethlehem, PA 18018
Have you been affected by adverse life experiences in childhood or as an adult? Do you feel stuck and lack motivation? Are you ready to heal and transform? I believe everyone's light is meant to shine no matter how dark times are or have been. I'm passionate about empowering others to overcome difficulties and thrive.
Have you been affected by adverse life experiences in childhood or as an adult? Do you feel stuck and lack motivation? Are you ready to heal and transform? I believe everyone's light is meant to shine no matter how dark times are or have been. I'm passionate about empowering others to overcome difficulties and thrive.
(484) 939-8855 View (484) 939-8855
Photo of Anastasia Hall, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in 18018, PA
Anastasia Hall
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Bethlehem, PA 18018
I'm so glad you're here. Whether it's due to a life transition, experiencing anxiety or depression, or navigating issues within a relationship, everyone can benefit from therapy at one point or another. So many of us find ourselves feeling stuck, struggling to navigate our emotions, or simply wanting someone to process with. In our time together, my goal is that you feel comfortable to share your journey with me, and are ready to make changes to foster growth.
I'm so glad you're here. Whether it's due to a life transition, experiencing anxiety or depression, or navigating issues within a relationship, everyone can benefit from therapy at one point or another. So many of us find ourselves feeling stuck, struggling to navigate our emotions, or simply wanting someone to process with. In our time together, my goal is that you feel comfortable to share your journey with me, and are ready to make changes to foster growth.
(484) 897-6219 View (484) 897-6219
Photo of Deadra Clewell Counseling, LLC, Licensed Professional Counselor in 18018, PA
Deadra Clewell Counseling, LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC
Verified Verified
Bethlehem, PA 18018
I like to work with a broad range of clientelle who prefer a straightforward approach. I work with individual clients and at times, host couple/family sessions to assist in the treatment of the individual. I accept many commercial insurances. My waitlist for Pa Medicaid spans over a year in length, so I am NOT accepting new Medicaid referrals. I work with clients exhibiting symptoms of anxiety, depression and trauma. As a US Army Veteran, I have a keen understanding of the military culture and concerns of military personnel and their families not often seen in the private sector.
I like to work with a broad range of clientelle who prefer a straightforward approach. I work with individual clients and at times, host couple/family sessions to assist in the treatment of the individual. I accept many commercial insurances. My waitlist for Pa Medicaid spans over a year in length, so I am NOT accepting new Medicaid referrals. I work with clients exhibiting symptoms of anxiety, depression and trauma. As a US Army Veteran, I have a keen understanding of the military culture and concerns of military personnel and their families not often seen in the private sector.
(484) 209-1337 View (484) 209-1337
Photo of Ziona Brotleit, Psychologist in 18018, PA
Ziona Brotleit
Psychologist, MA, LicPsyc
Verified Verified
Bethlehem, PA 18018  (Online Only)
This is a difficult time and you may be dealing with isolation or home life struggles. You may have greater stress at work or lack work. You may be facing illness and loss or handling others' needs. Managing it all on your own, talking only with family and friends, may not be enough to give you peace of mind and may not help you to do it all. Consulting with me has given many people relief and helped them find new ways to cope. Call me to tell me what's going on and maybe a telephone or Zoom meeting is a good idea now. I can also help with many other conditions and concerns so please don't hesitate. I look forward to your call.
This is a difficult time and you may be dealing with isolation or home life struggles. You may have greater stress at work or lack work. You may be facing illness and loss or handling others' needs. Managing it all on your own, talking only with family and friends, may not be enough to give you peace of mind and may not help you to do it all. Consulting with me has given many people relief and helped them find new ways to cope. Call me to tell me what's going on and maybe a telephone or Zoom meeting is a good idea now. I can also help with many other conditions and concerns so please don't hesitate. I look forward to your call.
(610) 572-4602 View (610) 572-4602

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 18018

100+

Average cost per session

$130

Therapists in 18018 who prioritize treating:

95% Anxiety
90% Depression
79% Self Esteem
76% Relationship Issues
72% Trauma and PTSD
72% Coping Skills
66% Stress

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

80% Highmark
76% Aetna
72% BlueCross and BlueShield

How Therapists in 18018 see their clients

84% In Person and Online
16% Online Only

Gender breakdown

80% Female
19% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 18018?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.