Therapists in 13220

Photo of James F. Lewis, Counselor, MS, LMHC, CASAC
James F. Lewis
Counselor, MS, LMHC, CASAC
Serves Area
Welcome to my counseling site called Christian Based Counseling Services. As a Christian and a Licensed Mental Health Counselor, it is my intent to use clinical and spiritual beliefs, attitudes and practices to support, encourage, as well as strengthen the client through a caring, professional relationship. As part of our ongoing therapeutic work and discovery, it is my goal to guide the client in identifying unhealthy and dysfunctional beliefs, attitudes and behaviors and be transformed with healthy, realistic and spiritually based truths which will enable you to grow individually and within your relationships with others.
Welcome to my counseling site called Christian Based Counseling Services. As a Christian and a Licensed Mental Health Counselor, it is my intent to use clinical and spiritual beliefs, attitudes and practices to support, encourage, as well as strengthen the client through a caring, professional relationship. As part of our ongoing therapeutic work and discovery, it is my goal to guide the client in identifying unhealthy and dysfunctional beliefs, attitudes and behaviors and be transformed with healthy, realistic and spiritually based truths which will enable you to grow individually and within your relationships with others.
(315) 245-8428 View (315) 245-8428
Photo of Kianna M Cole, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Kianna M Cole
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Hello My name is Kianna and I have been working in the mental health field for more than 20 years. I attended undergrad at Colgate University where I studied Sociology and Biology. My experiences at Colgate created a passion for Mental Health and a thirst to understand human behavior. I attended the Syracuse University School of Social Work and majored in Mental Health. I have worked with diverse populations of all ages since then and came to find that I enjoy working with people who have come from disadvantaged backgrounds, people of color, women, Autists, and persons living with Anxiety and Trauma of all kinds.
Hello My name is Kianna and I have been working in the mental health field for more than 20 years. I attended undergrad at Colgate University where I studied Sociology and Biology. My experiences at Colgate created a passion for Mental Health and a thirst to understand human behavior. I attended the Syracuse University School of Social Work and majored in Mental Health. I have worked with diverse populations of all ages since then and came to find that I enjoy working with people who have come from disadvantaged backgrounds, people of color, women, Autists, and persons living with Anxiety and Trauma of all kinds.
(315) 631-1663 View (315) 631-1663
Photo of Michelle Stevenson, Counselor, MA, LMHC
Michelle Stevenson
Counselor, MA, LMHC
8 Endorsed
Online Only
Counseling is about growth and positive change. You may be really struggling right now - maybe you are anxious, depressed, or having difficulty in your relationships. You may be going through a period of transition in your life - even positive life events can cause stress! Maybe you need a little help managing the day-to-day stressors, or maybe you want to improve some other aspect of your life. I work with individuals in all of these situations, and more. We all feel overwhelmed at times! My goal is to provide support, offer a different perspective, and arm you with the tools to manage life's challenges more effectively.
Counseling is about growth and positive change. You may be really struggling right now - maybe you are anxious, depressed, or having difficulty in your relationships. You may be going through a period of transition in your life - even positive life events can cause stress! Maybe you need a little help managing the day-to-day stressors, or maybe you want to improve some other aspect of your life. I work with individuals in all of these situations, and more. We all feel overwhelmed at times! My goal is to provide support, offer a different perspective, and arm you with the tools to manage life's challenges more effectively.
(315) 613-2103 View (315) 613-2103
Photo of Jill Grant, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Jill Grant
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
Jill Grant is a licensed clinical social worker who understands the importance of a compassionate, empathetic, and non-judgmental approach when working with each client, and their individual needs. Jill treats clients from diverse backgrounds, focusing on personal growth and achieving peace. She is available weeknight evenings and weekend mornings! I am a licensed clinical social worker with over 15 years of experience.
Jill Grant is a licensed clinical social worker who understands the importance of a compassionate, empathetic, and non-judgmental approach when working with each client, and their individual needs. Jill treats clients from diverse backgrounds, focusing on personal growth and achieving peace. She is available weeknight evenings and weekend mornings! I am a licensed clinical social worker with over 15 years of experience.
(315) 595-5861 View (315) 595-5861
Photo of Mariya Pawlikowski, Counselor, MS, LMHC
Mariya Pawlikowski
Counselor, MS, LMHC
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Not accepting new clients
Hello! My name is Mariya and I received my Master's in Counseling, with an undergrad degree in Human Development. I became a Licensed Mental Health Counselor in June 2020. I have worked with many individuals from many walks of life, including depression, anxiety, grief/loss, ADHD, job changes, relationship concerns/issues, parenting stress and much more. I am here to provide hope, a different perspective or guidance on whatever concerns you may have.
Hello! My name is Mariya and I received my Master's in Counseling, with an undergrad degree in Human Development. I became a Licensed Mental Health Counselor in June 2020. I have worked with many individuals from many walks of life, including depression, anxiety, grief/loss, ADHD, job changes, relationship concerns/issues, parenting stress and much more. I am here to provide hope, a different perspective or guidance on whatever concerns you may have.
(315) 871-0016 View (315) 871-0016

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Malia Rogers, Licensed Mental Health Counselor, LMHC
Malia Rogers
Licensed Mental Health Counselor, LMHC
1 Endorsed
East Syracuse, NY 13057
As a neurodivergent, queer, fat therapist, I understand the importance of finding your people and providing reciprocity by bringing my authentic self into the therapy space as I would hope my clients feel safe to do. I do not believe in the oppressive concept of ‘normal’ and work to model the vulnerable act of unmasking in a judgment-free environment. I am conversational and work to weave therapeutic techniques and concepts into our dialogues in an accessible way. I continually emphasize my clients’ autonomy over how sessions are conducted and support them in identifying their needs and evolving goals in the work.
As a neurodivergent, queer, fat therapist, I understand the importance of finding your people and providing reciprocity by bringing my authentic self into the therapy space as I would hope my clients feel safe to do. I do not believe in the oppressive concept of ‘normal’ and work to model the vulnerable act of unmasking in a judgment-free environment. I am conversational and work to weave therapeutic techniques and concepts into our dialogues in an accessible way. I continually emphasize my clients’ autonomy over how sessions are conducted and support them in identifying their needs and evolving goals in the work.
(315) 757-1992 View (315) 757-1992
Photo of Dr. Sarah F Spiegelhoff, Counselor, PhD, LMHC-D, LPC, NCC
Dr. Sarah F Spiegelhoff
Counselor, PhD, LMHC-D, LPC, NCC
3 Endorsed
Camillus, NY 13031
Every client is unique and it is my job to assist you through transforming pain and other emotional distress into hope, strength, and positive change. I offer you a patient-centered partnership, to support and empower them in making informed choices that will lead to meaningful outcomes. Identified concerns are evaluated from an integrative mental health perspective to understand psychological, health, and relational dynamics. Through insight-oriented conversations and creating a safe space explore oneself, I work with you to identify barriers and emotions, behavioral and relationship patterns, and achieve change.
Every client is unique and it is my job to assist you through transforming pain and other emotional distress into hope, strength, and positive change. I offer you a patient-centered partnership, to support and empower them in making informed choices that will lead to meaningful outcomes. Identified concerns are evaluated from an integrative mental health perspective to understand psychological, health, and relational dynamics. Through insight-oriented conversations and creating a safe space explore oneself, I work with you to identify barriers and emotions, behavioral and relationship patterns, and achieve change.
(315) 320-6441 View (315) 320-6441
Photo of Laura Thompson - Supportive Solutions Mental Health Counseling PLLC, Counselor, LMHC-D, MS
Supportive Solutions Mental Health Counseling PLLC
Counselor, LMHC-D, MS
4 Endorsed
Serves Area
The NYS-licensed clinicians at Supportive Solutions Mental Health Counseling, PLLC, take a direct, goal‑focused approach to help clients feel and function better in their daily lives. We provide specialized treatment for anxiety and depression, trauma and PTSD, grief/loss, adverse childhood experiences, and child and adolescent concerns.
The NYS-licensed clinicians at Supportive Solutions Mental Health Counseling, PLLC, take a direct, goal‑focused approach to help clients feel and function better in their daily lives. We provide specialized treatment for anxiety and depression, trauma and PTSD, grief/loss, adverse childhood experiences, and child and adolescent concerns.
(716) 245-4415 View (716) 245-4415
Photo of Alice Chanthasensak, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Alice Chanthasensak
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
1 Endorsed
East Syracuse, NY 13057
You've got it together...mostly. You're a rock star at your job, you're amazing to your partner, and you love the heck out of your kids, so why does the little voice in your head STILL say "Not good enough"? You do ALL the things for everyone who needs you (because you definitely feel guilty if you don't), and on the days you're overwhelmed and running on fumes? You'll continue to push through, because saying "no" feels like letting someone down. You can't remember the last time you did something for yourself, since "self-care" sounds like selfish and "burn out" is something you passed miles ago.
You've got it together...mostly. You're a rock star at your job, you're amazing to your partner, and you love the heck out of your kids, so why does the little voice in your head STILL say "Not good enough"? You do ALL the things for everyone who needs you (because you definitely feel guilty if you don't), and on the days you're overwhelmed and running on fumes? You'll continue to push through, because saying "no" feels like letting someone down. You can't remember the last time you did something for yourself, since "self-care" sounds like selfish and "burn out" is something you passed miles ago.
(315) 737-4182 View (315) 737-4182
Photo of Niamh Doyle, Psychologist, PhD, BCBA-D
Niamh Doyle
Psychologist, PhD, BCBA-D
Fayetteville, NY 13066
Are you a frustrated parent, feeling that you cannot connect with your child? Are you dealing with temper tantrums, defiance, aggression or anxiety? Are you concerned when you can't calm your child when they are anxious, scared or overwhelmed? Does it feel like getting your child ready to leave the house or go to bed is exhausting for the whole family? For caregivers of both neurotypical children and those with developmental challenges, I can provide parenting tools and supports for your child.
Are you a frustrated parent, feeling that you cannot connect with your child? Are you dealing with temper tantrums, defiance, aggression or anxiety? Are you concerned when you can't calm your child when they are anxious, scared or overwhelmed? Does it feel like getting your child ready to leave the house or go to bed is exhausting for the whole family? For caregivers of both neurotypical children and those with developmental challenges, I can provide parenting tools and supports for your child.
(315) 400-3116 View (315) 400-3116
Photo of Paolo Cesari - New Avenues Mental Health Counseling PLLC, Counselor, LMHC, CCPT
New Avenues Mental Health Counseling PLLC
Counselor, LMHC, CCPT
3 Endorsed
Baldwinsville, NY 13027
Reaching out for support can feel overwhelming — but you don’t have to navigate life’s challenges alone. At New Avenues Counseling, we are a team of compassionate, licensed clinicians dedicated to helping children, adolescents, and adults of all ages find healing, growth, and renewed hope. Our practice specializes in treating anxiety, depression, trauma, eating disorders, and a wide range of other mental health concerns. Whether you are seeking support for yourself or your child, we work collaboratively to create a safe, supportive space where you feel heard, understood, and empowered.
Reaching out for support can feel overwhelming — but you don’t have to navigate life’s challenges alone. At New Avenues Counseling, we are a team of compassionate, licensed clinicians dedicated to helping children, adolescents, and adults of all ages find healing, growth, and renewed hope. Our practice specializes in treating anxiety, depression, trauma, eating disorders, and a wide range of other mental health concerns. Whether you are seeking support for yourself or your child, we work collaboratively to create a safe, supportive space where you feel heard, understood, and empowered.
(315) 753-4248 View (315) 753-4248
Photo of Julie Malloy, Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Julie Malloy
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Liverpool, NY 13088
I strive to create an environment where you feel safe working through unresolved issues in an effort to expand your capacity for a fulfilling life. I will help you recognize personal strengths and resources and develop a stronger sense of resiliency. When we understand that most of our suffering doesn't come from feeling pain, but from all the ways we avoid confronting or dealing with our unresolved issues, we learn how to reduce our suffering.
I strive to create an environment where you feel safe working through unresolved issues in an effort to expand your capacity for a fulfilling life. I will help you recognize personal strengths and resources and develop a stronger sense of resiliency. When we understand that most of our suffering doesn't come from feeling pain, but from all the ways we avoid confronting or dealing with our unresolved issues, we learn how to reduce our suffering.
(347) 956-4489 View (347) 956-4489
Photo of Michelle VanHatten, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, CTP
Michelle VanHatten
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, CTP
5 Endorsed
Camillus, NY 13031
You lie awake at night, going over the day again and wondering where it all went wrong. Before you have time to figure it out, yet another hectic day has begun. As a parent of a child who has experienced a challenge or traumatic experience, it's like you're being asked to do it all. The problem is that there's never enough energy, time, or information to manage the difficult behaviors. Before you know it, you've seen multiple therapists and nothing seems to work. The parenting suggestions just don't fit the socially awkward tantrums, fits of rage, or your child's need to control. You're nearing the end of your rope, but what's next?
You lie awake at night, going over the day again and wondering where it all went wrong. Before you have time to figure it out, yet another hectic day has begun. As a parent of a child who has experienced a challenge or traumatic experience, it's like you're being asked to do it all. The problem is that there's never enough energy, time, or information to manage the difficult behaviors. Before you know it, you've seen multiple therapists and nothing seems to work. The parenting suggestions just don't fit the socially awkward tantrums, fits of rage, or your child's need to control. You're nearing the end of your rope, but what's next?
(315) 506-4383 View (315) 506-4383
Photo of Shannon Galarneau, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CASAC
Shannon Galarneau
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CASAC
2 Endorsed
Syracuse, NY 13206
I am open minded, easy to talk to and have a great deal of lived experience, as well as learned knowledge to offer. I focus on goal setting and tangible solutions to help clients feel empowered and in control of their own healing. I try to use unique and client-centered methods to help process every individual situation, no matter what that may be.
I am open minded, easy to talk to and have a great deal of lived experience, as well as learned knowledge to offer. I focus on goal setting and tangible solutions to help clients feel empowered and in control of their own healing. I try to use unique and client-centered methods to help process every individual situation, no matter what that may be.
(315) 897-6678 View (315) 897-6678
Photo of Rosemarie Montague, Counselor, MS Ed, LMT, LMHC
Rosemarie Montague
Counselor, MS Ed, LMT, LMHC
6 Endorsed
Skaneateles, NY 13152
Beginning counseling is a very important decision and a step towards changing your life. I offer a non-judgmental, client centered, supportive environment. You can feel safe to explore your uniqueness, thoughts, feelings, & behaviors, raising awareness of what may be holding you back from moving forward. I strongly believe in resilience & address trauma & grief while traveling with you on your healing journey. If you are ready to address anxiety, panic, phobias, depression, hoarding, eating disorders, relationship distress, or other mental health concerns, reach out today for a quick response!
Beginning counseling is a very important decision and a step towards changing your life. I offer a non-judgmental, client centered, supportive environment. You can feel safe to explore your uniqueness, thoughts, feelings, & behaviors, raising awareness of what may be holding you back from moving forward. I strongly believe in resilience & address trauma & grief while traveling with you on your healing journey. If you are ready to address anxiety, panic, phobias, depression, hoarding, eating disorders, relationship distress, or other mental health concerns, reach out today for a quick response!
(929) 383-6769 View (929) 383-6769
Photo of Breyanna Locke - Midstate Marriage and Family Therapy, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Midstate Marriage and Family Therapy
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Manlius, NY 13104
New Clients Welcome! Evening and weekend appointments, with same-week availability. Call or email for the soonest available! At Midstate Therapy, our goal is to provide exceptional systemically based mental health services to our community through evidence-based clinical practice and education. Our clinicians work collaboratively with clients to determine a person-centered approach and treatment goals that are inclusive of each clients personal needs and background. Clients can find support for individual, couple, and family dynamics in environment that strengthens communication and fosters healthy relationship development.
New Clients Welcome! Evening and weekend appointments, with same-week availability. Call or email for the soonest available! At Midstate Therapy, our goal is to provide exceptional systemically based mental health services to our community through evidence-based clinical practice and education. Our clinicians work collaboratively with clients to determine a person-centered approach and treatment goals that are inclusive of each clients personal needs and background. Clients can find support for individual, couple, and family dynamics in environment that strengthens communication and fosters healthy relationship development.
(315) 284-5503 View (315) 284-5503
Photo of Hannah Pietra, Creative Arts Therapist, MS, LCAT, MT-BC, CLC
Hannah Pietra
Creative Arts Therapist, MS, LCAT, MT-BC, CLC
Syracuse, NY 13214
“Every story matters…We are all worthy of telling our stories and having them heard.” Using compassion and curiosity, I support individuals in their journey towards personal growth and discovery. Do you find yourself feeling stuck, overwhelmed, or unfulfilled in life? I help people find balance, gain relief, and better connect with their bodies and minds to achieve enhanced wellness.
“Every story matters…We are all worthy of telling our stories and having them heard.” Using compassion and curiosity, I support individuals in their journey towards personal growth and discovery. Do you find yourself feeling stuck, overwhelmed, or unfulfilled in life? I help people find balance, gain relief, and better connect with their bodies and minds to achieve enhanced wellness.
(315) 810-6212 View (315) 810-6212
Photo of Dr. Stephanie Rabin Scherr, Psychologist, PhD
Dr. Stephanie Rabin Scherr
Psychologist, PhD
1 Endorsed
Manlius, NY 13104
Anxiety disorders and OCD can present in many different ways, including avoidance, irritability, severe shyness, panic attacks, uncontrollable worries, phobias, and repetitive thoughts and behaviors. Many of my clients find themselves avoiding work, school, and social interactions because of their anxiety. Others have no option to avoid, but struggle immensely and feel exhausted afterward. The family members of my patients often feel helpless or frustrated, but find themselves unsure of how to help.
Anxiety disorders and OCD can present in many different ways, including avoidance, irritability, severe shyness, panic attacks, uncontrollable worries, phobias, and repetitive thoughts and behaviors. Many of my clients find themselves avoiding work, school, and social interactions because of their anxiety. Others have no option to avoid, but struggle immensely and feel exhausted afterward. The family members of my patients often feel helpless or frustrated, but find themselves unsure of how to help.
(315) 509-6254 x110 View (315) 509-6254 x110
Photo of Sanja Schneider, Licensed Mental Health Counselor, LMHC
Sanja Schneider
Licensed Mental Health Counselor, LMHC
1 Endorsed
Baldwinsville, NY 13027
Many people reach out for therapy when stress, anxiety, or life changes feel overwhelming, or when relationships feel strained. I work with individuals and couples who want more calm, better ways to manage emotions, a stronger connection with their partner, and improved communication. In a confidential and relaxed space you will have an opportunity to explore challenges, develop practical coping strategies, and move toward meaningful, lasting change.
Many people reach out for therapy when stress, anxiety, or life changes feel overwhelming, or when relationships feel strained. I work with individuals and couples who want more calm, better ways to manage emotions, a stronger connection with their partner, and improved communication. In a confidential and relaxed space you will have an opportunity to explore challenges, develop practical coping strategies, and move toward meaningful, lasting change.
(315) 595-5167 View (315) 595-5167
Photo of Lily Anderson, Counselor, LMHC
Lily Anderson
Counselor, LMHC
3 Endorsed
Serves Area
Currently accepting new in-person and virtual appointments, and limited availability in evenings. I collaborate with my clients to explore underlying feelings that affect day-to-day life, helping them discover their interests and passions. Having worked with children for over a decade, I have a unique perspective and experience with kids and adults. I am passionate about exploring the relationship dynamics between children, parents, and siblings of all ages. From childhood, through the challenges of changing bonds as children and parents grow up, these roles may evolve and with this can come uncertainty, confusion, and questions.
Currently accepting new in-person and virtual appointments, and limited availability in evenings. I collaborate with my clients to explore underlying feelings that affect day-to-day life, helping them discover their interests and passions. Having worked with children for over a decade, I have a unique perspective and experience with kids and adults. I am passionate about exploring the relationship dynamics between children, parents, and siblings of all ages. From childhood, through the challenges of changing bonds as children and parents grow up, these roles may evolve and with this can come uncertainty, confusion, and questions.
(347) 983-1871 View (347) 983-1871

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 13220

< 10

Therapists in 13220 who prioritize treating:

100% Anxiety
80% Relationship Issues
80% Depression
80% Women's Issues
80% Stress
60% Grief
60% Anger Management

Average years in practice

14 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

75% Aetna
75% BlueCross and BlueShield
75% Oxford

How Therapists in 13220 see their clients

80% Online Only
20% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

80% Female
20% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 13220?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.