Photo of Juliana M Tozzi, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in 07039, NJ
Juliana M Tozzi
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LSW
Verified Verified
Livingston, NJ 07039
“Juliana possesses an innate, preternatural, and extraordinary ability to forge strong, successful, longstanding therapeutic alliances with individuals of all ages, races, and backgrounds. Understanding the profound importance of trust and unconditional positive regard, Juliana utilizes the sanctity of the therapeutic relationship to emphasize each individual’s unique strengths, and foster healing, clarity, growth, self-actualization, and homeostasis.” Bryan Niederman, PhD Founder and CEO of purepsych, LLC
“Juliana possesses an innate, preternatural, and extraordinary ability to forge strong, successful, longstanding therapeutic alliances with individuals of all ages, races, and backgrounds. Understanding the profound importance of trust and unconditional positive regard, Juliana utilizes the sanctity of the therapeutic relationship to emphasize each individual’s unique strengths, and foster healing, clarity, growth, self-actualization, and homeostasis.” Bryan Niederman, PhD Founder and CEO of purepsych, LLC
(551) 244-6331 View (551) 244-6331
Photo of Shana Spier, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in 07039, NJ
Shana Spier
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Livingston, NJ 07039
Do you often feel overwhelmed, misunderstood, anxious, frustrated, helpless? Are you struggling with emotional and physical intimacy in your relationships? Do you struggle to feel close to others and to yourself? Have you experienced sexual assault or trauma? Do you wish you could feel less afraid to express what you need and how you feel? Struggling with these feelings often leaves us feeling stuck, exhausted, unfulfilled. They can also accompany more serious emotional or behavioral symptoms. Therapy can help you cope with and resolve the disturbing experiences and pain that are causing you distress.
Do you often feel overwhelmed, misunderstood, anxious, frustrated, helpless? Are you struggling with emotional and physical intimacy in your relationships? Do you struggle to feel close to others and to yourself? Have you experienced sexual assault or trauma? Do you wish you could feel less afraid to express what you need and how you feel? Struggling with these feelings often leaves us feeling stuck, exhausted, unfulfilled. They can also accompany more serious emotional or behavioral symptoms. Therapy can help you cope with and resolve the disturbing experiences and pain that are causing you distress.
(973) 629-8854 View (973) 629-8854
Photo of Tyler Hogan, Counselor in 07039, NJ
Tyler Hogan
Counselor, NCC, BC-TMH
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Livingston, NJ 07039
My clients are adolescents and young adults (ages 13-35) with mood disorders such as depression and bipolar disorder, possible suicidality, symptoms of trauma or PTSD, anxiety or severe stress disorders, and substance use and addiction. Struggling with life transitions, fitting in or dealing with peers or co-workers, feeling a lack of control over your life, or finding reasons to stay alive—let alone thrive, can feel very intimidating finding a way out. However, you don’t have to face those moments alone or feeling afraid to speak up. When you feel isolated or in the dark, I'll be in your corner without an ounce of judgment.
My clients are adolescents and young adults (ages 13-35) with mood disorders such as depression and bipolar disorder, possible suicidality, symptoms of trauma or PTSD, anxiety or severe stress disorders, and substance use and addiction. Struggling with life transitions, fitting in or dealing with peers or co-workers, feeling a lack of control over your life, or finding reasons to stay alive—let alone thrive, can feel very intimidating finding a way out. However, you don’t have to face those moments alone or feeling afraid to speak up. When you feel isolated or in the dark, I'll be in your corner without an ounce of judgment.
(862) 397-0440 View (862) 397-0440
Photo of Suzanne H. Berman, LCSW, LLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in 07039, NJ
Suzanne H. Berman, LCSW, LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Livingston, NJ 07039
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) based in New Jersey with over twenty years of experience. I have experience working with adults and older adults with depression, anxiety, chronic illness, dementia, and caregiving issues. Additionally, I assist clients coping with grief, life transitions, trauma, family conflict, and in improving communication skills in relationships. I utilize various treatment modalities and tailor treatment to each client's individual needs and goals.
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) based in New Jersey with over twenty years of experience. I have experience working with adults and older adults with depression, anxiety, chronic illness, dementia, and caregiving issues. Additionally, I assist clients coping with grief, life transitions, trauma, family conflict, and in improving communication skills in relationships. I utilize various treatment modalities and tailor treatment to each client's individual needs and goals.
(862) 305-8375 View (862) 305-8375
Photo of Rosemary S McGee, Licensed Professional Counselor in 07039, NJ
Rosemary S McGee
Licensed Professional Counselor, DMH, LPC, NCPsyA
Verified Verified
Livingston, NJ 07039
I know the idea of starting therapy may be scary and uncertain, but having someone to talk to who listens may be the first step to a better life. Discussing your current problems or past traumas with a skilled and empathic listener is a way of working through life events or difficult relationships whether at home, work or school. Therapy can help you identify underlying issues or inner conflicts that get in the way of realizing your highest potential and achieving your dreams.
I know the idea of starting therapy may be scary and uncertain, but having someone to talk to who listens may be the first step to a better life. Discussing your current problems or past traumas with a skilled and empathic listener is a way of working through life events or difficult relationships whether at home, work or school. Therapy can help you identify underlying issues or inner conflicts that get in the way of realizing your highest potential and achieving your dreams.
(862) 397-7572 View (862) 397-7572
Photo of Creative Drive LLC - Art Therapy & Expressive Arts, Art Therapist in 07039, NJ
Creative Drive LLC - Art Therapy & Expressive Arts
Art Therapist, MA, ATR-BC, ATCS
Verified Verified
Livingston, NJ 07039
You might be wondering how Art Therapy can make a difference in your life and how it can help to overcome personal challenges. Creative interventions provide a safe space for you to gradually explore, identify, and move through feelings in productive and insightful directions. I will listen to you and together we will take a creative journey toward healing and restoration. Building trust, strengthening relationships and avoiding destructive patterns can be so hard to manage. Accessing your creative process will reduce the fears that hold you back from experiencing the joys of everyday life. I welcome the chance to work with you.
You might be wondering how Art Therapy can make a difference in your life and how it can help to overcome personal challenges. Creative interventions provide a safe space for you to gradually explore, identify, and move through feelings in productive and insightful directions. I will listen to you and together we will take a creative journey toward healing and restoration. Building trust, strengthening relationships and avoiding destructive patterns can be so hard to manage. Accessing your creative process will reduce the fears that hold you back from experiencing the joys of everyday life. I welcome the chance to work with you.
(862) 256-5610 View (862) 256-5610
Photo of Elizabeth Stilwell, Psychologist in 07039, NJ
Elizabeth Stilwell
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Livingston, NJ 07039
I am a licensed clinical psychologist in both New Jersey and New York. My clinical practice focuses on working with children, adolescent, adults, couples, and families with a variety of concerns ranging from adjustment reactions to severe mental illness. I also provide psychological testing for differential diagnosis, psychoeducational evaluations, and cognitive/executive functioning difficulties.
I am a licensed clinical psychologist in both New Jersey and New York. My clinical practice focuses on working with children, adolescent, adults, couples, and families with a variety of concerns ranging from adjustment reactions to severe mental illness. I also provide psychological testing for differential diagnosis, psychoeducational evaluations, and cognitive/executive functioning difficulties.
(973) 358-7017 View (973) 358-7017
Photo of Michael Overland, Ph.D., Psychologist in 07039, NJ
Michael Overland, Ph.D.
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Livingston, NJ 07039  (Online Only)
Sometimes you do everything you're supposed to do and things go right. Sometimes you do everything you're not supposed to do and everything goes right. But what happens when almost nothing goes right? It's disheartening, disorienting, and undermines confidence. What can follow is anxiety (fear and threat come with disorientation), depression (apathy and hopelessness come with being ineffective). You may feel the world is conspiring against you. Often self-deprecation seeps in. You beat yourself up as you feel you've let yourself down, a self-betrayal informing you that you must be defective and inadequate.
Sometimes you do everything you're supposed to do and things go right. Sometimes you do everything you're not supposed to do and everything goes right. But what happens when almost nothing goes right? It's disheartening, disorienting, and undermines confidence. What can follow is anxiety (fear and threat come with disorientation), depression (apathy and hopelessness come with being ineffective). You may feel the world is conspiring against you. Often self-deprecation seeps in. You beat yourself up as you feel you've let yourself down, a self-betrayal informing you that you must be defective and inadequate.
(862) 366-4840 x101 View (862) 366-4840 x101
Photo of Jessica Conrad, Counselor in 07039, NJ
Jessica Conrad
Counselor, MS, LAC
Verified Verified
Livingston, NJ 07039  (Online Only)
Life can get complicated and feel utterly overwhelming at times. Sometimes transitions can cause you to feel overly stressed or simply stuck. You don't have to go through this alone, and it is incredibly brave to have taken the first step in your healing journey. We can work together to help you feel like the best version of yourself again, or maybe even for the first time.
Life can get complicated and feel utterly overwhelming at times. Sometimes transitions can cause you to feel overly stressed or simply stuck. You don't have to go through this alone, and it is incredibly brave to have taken the first step in your healing journey. We can work together to help you feel like the best version of yourself again, or maybe even for the first time.
(732) 347-7781 View (732) 347-7781
Photo of Barbara Lauer-Listhaus, Psychologist in 07039, NJ
Barbara Lauer-Listhaus
Psychologist, Psy, D
Verified Verified
Livingston, NJ 07039
Over the past thirty years, I have worked with children, adolescents, and adults with diverse mental health issues including depression, anxiety, Post-concussive syndrome, ADHD, learning disabilities, ASD, addiction, grief, and trauma. Recognizing that individuals experience stress in many aspects of their life and struggle with life's transitions, I work with children and adolescents transitioning through the stages of development and with adults facing marital, parenting, custody and relationship issues. I conduct psychological and neuropsychological testing to evaluate for mental health, academic, and neurological issues.
Over the past thirty years, I have worked with children, adolescents, and adults with diverse mental health issues including depression, anxiety, Post-concussive syndrome, ADHD, learning disabilities, ASD, addiction, grief, and trauma. Recognizing that individuals experience stress in many aspects of their life and struggle with life's transitions, I work with children and adolescents transitioning through the stages of development and with adults facing marital, parenting, custody and relationship issues. I conduct psychological and neuropsychological testing to evaluate for mental health, academic, and neurological issues.
(551) 226-5248 View (551) 226-5248
Photo of Michael Shrem, Psychologist in 07039, NJ
Michael Shrem
Psychologist, PsyD, MA, EdM
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Livingston, NJ 07039
Taking the step to enter into therapy takes courage and demonstrates a high level of personal commitment. It is a risk, and that risk needs to be acknowledged. Each of us has needs that should be met with flexibility and adaptation if we are to feel secure in sharing our private lives with another. My therapeutic approach is guided by theory and 10 years of clinical experience. At the same time, I provide a reliable, empathic, and safe environment for you to gain deeper insight into who you are and what you need, in order to find greater meaning and enjoyment in life.
Taking the step to enter into therapy takes courage and demonstrates a high level of personal commitment. It is a risk, and that risk needs to be acknowledged. Each of us has needs that should be met with flexibility and adaptation if we are to feel secure in sharing our private lives with another. My therapeutic approach is guided by theory and 10 years of clinical experience. At the same time, I provide a reliable, empathic, and safe environment for you to gain deeper insight into who you are and what you need, in order to find greater meaning and enjoyment in life.
(973) 988-4212 View (973) 988-4212
Photo of Nia Nanton, Licensed Social Worker in 07039, NJ
Nia Nanton
Licensed Social Worker , LSW
Verified Verified
Livingston, NJ 07039  (Online Only)
I'm Nia Nanton, a highly skilled Licensed Social Worker and a Certified Yoga Teacher with a decade of experience in mental and behavioral health. I've had the privilege of working across diverse settings, from inpatient facilities to higher education, and I'm here to offer you top-notch support. My services encompass case management, assessments, counseling, program development, and dedicated advocacy. I'm deeply committed to personal growth and hold certifications in the Nurtured Heart Approach and as a Registered Yoga Teacher (RYT-200). What's more, I'm on the verge of completing my TF-CBT certification.
I'm Nia Nanton, a highly skilled Licensed Social Worker and a Certified Yoga Teacher with a decade of experience in mental and behavioral health. I've had the privilege of working across diverse settings, from inpatient facilities to higher education, and I'm here to offer you top-notch support. My services encompass case management, assessments, counseling, program development, and dedicated advocacy. I'm deeply committed to personal growth and hold certifications in the Nurtured Heart Approach and as a Registered Yoga Teacher (RYT-200). What's more, I'm on the verge of completing my TF-CBT certification.
(862) 420-9255 x1 View (862) 420-9255 x1
Photo of Jilyan Lane-Cruz, Counselor in 07039, NJ
Jilyan Lane-Cruz
Counselor, MA, LAC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Livingston, NJ 07039  (Online Only)
Currently Not Accepting New Clients. I strongly believe that everyone has a need to be heard and express themselves. As your counselor, I offer a safe, non-judgmental space for you vent and have someone to listen to. Whether you are a child or adult, I am here to assist you in doing the hard work of strengthening your ability to maneuver through life’s tough challenges.
Currently Not Accepting New Clients. I strongly believe that everyone has a need to be heard and express themselves. As your counselor, I offer a safe, non-judgmental space for you vent and have someone to listen to. Whether you are a child or adult, I am here to assist you in doing the hard work of strengthening your ability to maneuver through life’s tough challenges.
(973) 629-8802 View (973) 629-8802
Photo of Joshua Shifrin, Psychologist in 07039, NJ
Joshua Shifrin
Psychologist, PhD, ABSNP, NCSP, ADHD-SP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Livingston, NJ 07039
Thank you for taking the time to review my profile. I am a school neuropsychologist and specialize working with children, adolescents and adults that are struggling with school related difficulties. My areas of specialty include assessing for learning disabilities, ADD/ADHD, high functioning autism, social-emotional disorders, as well as ADHD therapy. I am a Licensed Clinical Psychologist, a Diplomate of the American Board of School Neuropsychology, a Nationally Certified School Psychologist, as well as an ADHD - Certified Clinical Services Provider. Please feel free to contact me for a free phone consultation.
Thank you for taking the time to review my profile. I am a school neuropsychologist and specialize working with children, adolescents and adults that are struggling with school related difficulties. My areas of specialty include assessing for learning disabilities, ADD/ADHD, high functioning autism, social-emotional disorders, as well as ADHD therapy. I am a Licensed Clinical Psychologist, a Diplomate of the American Board of School Neuropsychology, a Nationally Certified School Psychologist, as well as an ADHD - Certified Clinical Services Provider. Please feel free to contact me for a free phone consultation.
(862) 245-4714 View (862) 245-4714
Photo of Michelle Berniker, Psychologist in 07039, NJ
Michelle Berniker
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Livingston, NJ 07039  (Online Only)
Everyone faces challenging times in life, which often leads to people feeling sad, anxious and overwhelmed. Sometimes these issues feel insurmountable. My goal is to help you overcome these challenges in a safe and comfortable environment. I pride myself on being a warm, empathic and interactive therapist who can help you learn effective coping strategies.
Everyone faces challenging times in life, which often leads to people feeling sad, anxious and overwhelmed. Sometimes these issues feel insurmountable. My goal is to help you overcome these challenges in a safe and comfortable environment. I pride myself on being a warm, empathic and interactive therapist who can help you learn effective coping strategies.
(973) 346-9549 View (973) 346-9549
Photo of Kristen Agnello, Licensed Professional Counselor in 07039, NJ
Kristen Agnello
Licensed Professional Counselor, LMHC, NCC, ACS
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Livingston, NJ 07039
Throughout life’s many stages, everyone faces difficult challenges which can cause us to feel anxious, depressed, angry, stuck and even defeated. As difficult as these times may be, you do not have to go through them alone. Personal growth is possible. I commend you for taking the first step by searching for a therapist that best fits your needs. Counseling services are offered for individuals in all stages of life.
Throughout life’s many stages, everyone faces difficult challenges which can cause us to feel anxious, depressed, angry, stuck and even defeated. As difficult as these times may be, you do not have to go through them alone. Personal growth is possible. I commend you for taking the first step by searching for a therapist that best fits your needs. Counseling services are offered for individuals in all stages of life.
(201) 464-2427 View (201) 464-2427
Photo of Clorinda Bulfamante, Psychologist in 07039, NJ
Clorinda Bulfamante
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Livingston, NJ 07039
I am a clinical psychologist providing therapy and assessment services in Scarsdale and Greenwich. I treat various conditions, such as depression, anxiety, behavioral problems, social anxiety, and school/work issues. I also focus on life transitions, whether that be a recent move, transition from college, changes in family dynamics, or changes in significant relationships. Furthermore, I have extensive experience in conducting psychological assessments. Therapeutically, I focus on developing teens and adults, where as I provide assessments for all ages.
I am a clinical psychologist providing therapy and assessment services in Scarsdale and Greenwich. I treat various conditions, such as depression, anxiety, behavioral problems, social anxiety, and school/work issues. I also focus on life transitions, whether that be a recent move, transition from college, changes in family dynamics, or changes in significant relationships. Furthermore, I have extensive experience in conducting psychological assessments. Therapeutically, I focus on developing teens and adults, where as I provide assessments for all ages.
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Photo of Doretha Smith, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in 07039, NJ
Doretha Smith
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW
Verified Verified
Livingston, NJ 07039
Life in general can be very challenging and even overwhelming at times, more so when trying to manage intense issues on a daily basis. As a licensed social worker, I can assist you with addressing these issues, and the emotional difficulties they bring, in a healthy, productive manner through psychotherapy.
Life in general can be very challenging and even overwhelming at times, more so when trying to manage intense issues on a daily basis. As a licensed social worker, I can assist you with addressing these issues, and the emotional difficulties they bring, in a healthy, productive manner through psychotherapy.
(973) 251-2874 View (973) 251-2874
Photo of Victor Aaron Calderon in 07039, NJ
Victor Aaron Calderon
MA
Verified Verified
Livingston, NJ 07039  (Online Only)
As someone specializing in psychoanalysis, I've learned that there are a myriad of causes that contribute to the stress, anger, anxiety, rage, hatred, and depression we may experience in life. Whether they be associated with the failures of caregivers, unmet needs, not feeling loved or wanted, relationship issues, or feeling as if one has no purpose in life, psychoanalysis has a way of addressing, working through, and resolving the psychological conflicts that emerge in one's life. The effects of working through troubling feelings not only alleviates suffering, it also results in more experiences of pleasure and happiness.
As someone specializing in psychoanalysis, I've learned that there are a myriad of causes that contribute to the stress, anger, anxiety, rage, hatred, and depression we may experience in life. Whether they be associated with the failures of caregivers, unmet needs, not feeling loved or wanted, relationship issues, or feeling as if one has no purpose in life, psychoanalysis has a way of addressing, working through, and resolving the psychological conflicts that emerge in one's life. The effects of working through troubling feelings not only alleviates suffering, it also results in more experiences of pleasure and happiness.
(201) 948-0360 View (201) 948-0360
Photo of Lauren Dobbs, Psychologist in 07039, NJ
Lauren Dobbs
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Livingston, NJ 07039
Dr. Dobbs is an accomplished clinical psychologist with over fifteen years of experience between teaching and clinical work. She specializes in working with children, teens, and adults and has worked across various settings, including private practice, school, residential, and community mental health. Her therapeutic approach is rooted in the gold standard of treatment, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, which provides faster, more effective results. With children and teens, she goes beyond the traditional confines of therapy by harnessing their natural creativity, integrating art, music, games, journaling, and other creative outlets.
Dr. Dobbs is an accomplished clinical psychologist with over fifteen years of experience between teaching and clinical work. She specializes in working with children, teens, and adults and has worked across various settings, including private practice, school, residential, and community mental health. Her therapeutic approach is rooted in the gold standard of treatment, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, which provides faster, more effective results. With children and teens, she goes beyond the traditional confines of therapy by harnessing their natural creativity, integrating art, music, games, journaling, and other creative outlets.
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 07039

300+

Average cost per session

$180

Therapists in 07039 who prioritize treating:

95% Anxiety
91% Depression
85% Relationship Issues
77% Self Esteem
72% Coping Skills
66% Family Conflict
61% Grief

Average years in practice

14 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

77% Aetna
64% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
63% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in 07039 see their clients

81% In Person and Online
19% Online Only

Gender breakdown

80% Female
19% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 07039?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.