Photo of Edwina Kee, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in 10026, NY
Edwina Kee
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-R
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10026  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Healing is always possible. I have over thirty years of clinical experience and work through a client centered and compassion-based lens. I believe that humor can heal and all of us deserve to be seen and valued. Choosing to enter into therapy is a brave and at times difficult process. It would be an honor to work with you and accompany you on your journey.
Healing is always possible. I have over thirty years of clinical experience and work through a client centered and compassion-based lens. I believe that humor can heal and all of us deserve to be seen and valued. Choosing to enter into therapy is a brave and at times difficult process. It would be an honor to work with you and accompany you on your journey.
(646) 762-2620 View (646) 762-2620
Photo of Akilah Sigler, Counselor in 10026, NY
Akilah Sigler
Counselor, MSEd, LMHC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
New York, NY 10026  (Online Only)
I provide therapy that is warm, customized, and collaborative. I am committed to the continuous learning and unlearning that enables me to be responsive to the needs of my communities, particularly BIPOC & Trans/GNC/Queer clients. Many of my clients come to therapy feeling stuck, uncertain, uneasy, or depressed. I work with clients to contextualize these experiences fostering deeper insight, creative responses, meaning, and connection. I believe that therapeutic work extends beyond the therapy session and I emphasize systemic responses to systemic injustice.
I provide therapy that is warm, customized, and collaborative. I am committed to the continuous learning and unlearning that enables me to be responsive to the needs of my communities, particularly BIPOC & Trans/GNC/Queer clients. Many of my clients come to therapy feeling stuck, uncertain, uneasy, or depressed. I work with clients to contextualize these experiences fostering deeper insight, creative responses, meaning, and connection. I believe that therapeutic work extends beyond the therapy session and I emphasize systemic responses to systemic injustice.
(929) 297-8344 View (929) 297-8344
Photo of Elisa Cameron-Niang, Counselor in 10026, NY
Elisa Cameron-Niang
Counselor, LMHC, LPC, BC-TMH
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10026  (Online Only)
Are you feeling stuck? Feeling isolated and disconnected from those around you? Do you feel overwhelmed by your emotional experiences? Are you struggling to understand how you fit into the world? You are not alone. I help adolescents, young adults, professionals, and couples overcome the complex challenges life throws their way and support them on their journey toward achieving a more empowered, connected, and fulfilling life.
Are you feeling stuck? Feeling isolated and disconnected from those around you? Do you feel overwhelmed by your emotional experiences? Are you struggling to understand how you fit into the world? You are not alone. I help adolescents, young adults, professionals, and couples overcome the complex challenges life throws their way and support them on their journey toward achieving a more empowered, connected, and fulfilling life.
(718) 215-0254 View (718) 215-0254
Photo of Eszter Domjan, Counselor in 10026, NY
Eszter Domjan
Counselor, LMHC, SEP
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10026
I would like to offer my help to anyone who struggles with the current global situation. Right now many of us are struggling with increased stress and anxiety, as well as heavy emotions that might be coming up from unprocessed experiences from the past. Understanding the ways our nervous system and body handle stress and trauma can be very helpful in finding our way through the storm.
I would like to offer my help to anyone who struggles with the current global situation. Right now many of us are struggling with increased stress and anxiety, as well as heavy emotions that might be coming up from unprocessed experiences from the past. Understanding the ways our nervous system and body handle stress and trauma can be very helpful in finding our way through the storm.
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Photo of Charlotte Elkin, LCSW P.C., Clinical Social Work/Therapist in 10026, NY
Charlotte Elkin, LCSW P.C.
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-R
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10026  (Online Only)
Sometimes life's challenges, transitions, or conditions are more than we can handle. Feelings of sadness or fear overwhelm. We realize that the way we are living is not how we want to live but are unable to make changes on our own. Unhealthy relationships, dealing with disappointment or loss, feeling alone, or struggling with an inner critic, are a few examples of what leads people to reach out to me. In my practice I largely employ the Internal Family Systems (IFS) model as my framework but also draw techniques from CBT, EMDR, DBT, mindfulness, somatic experiencing, and psychodynamic psychotherapy, when needed.
Sometimes life's challenges, transitions, or conditions are more than we can handle. Feelings of sadness or fear overwhelm. We realize that the way we are living is not how we want to live but are unable to make changes on our own. Unhealthy relationships, dealing with disappointment or loss, feeling alone, or struggling with an inner critic, are a few examples of what leads people to reach out to me. In my practice I largely employ the Internal Family Systems (IFS) model as my framework but also draw techniques from CBT, EMDR, DBT, mindfulness, somatic experiencing, and psychodynamic psychotherapy, when needed.
(914) 357-7898 View (914) 357-7898
Photo of Phyllis Otera Thomas, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in 10026, NY
Phyllis Otera Thomas
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-R
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10026
As a clinical therapist my best approach in the helping process is through empathy, active listening as well as a supportive environment. I believe that my enthusiasm, and commitment comes from my positive results of working with patients who were going through bereavement, children in crises, domestic violence and addiction of all types.
As a clinical therapist my best approach in the helping process is through empathy, active listening as well as a supportive environment. I believe that my enthusiasm, and commitment comes from my positive results of working with patients who were going through bereavement, children in crises, domestic violence and addiction of all types.
(917) 551-5410 View (917) 551-5410
Photo of Katherine Kirby, Counselor in 10026, NY
Katherine Kirby
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10026  (Online Only)
My focus is to work together so you gain emotional insight and freedom to create a more satisfying present and future. Together we will identify your needs, explore choices, welcome insights and develop skills that can provide resilience and activate self agency. We collaborate to develop a process of self-inquiry that will be available to you beyond our work together.
My focus is to work together so you gain emotional insight and freedom to create a more satisfying present and future. Together we will identify your needs, explore choices, welcome insights and develop skills that can provide resilience and activate self agency. We collaborate to develop a process of self-inquiry that will be available to you beyond our work together.
(718) 524-3504 View (718) 524-3504
Photo of David M. Ortmann, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in 10026, NY
David M. Ortmann
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CMBT, OSM
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
New York, NY 10026
Waitlist for new clients
Bring it on! I offer uniquely tailored psychotherapy & sex therapy. Please talk about everything & anything, particularly topics that other therapists don't understand or won't hear. I'm said to have a large capacity for care, compassion, & candor while also being a straight-talker. I synthesize depth psychotherapy, sex therapy, coaching, counseling, and more. Sexual diversity, erotic pleasure, and relational intimacy are areas in which I thrive. We'll forge a deep therapeutic alliance and find, confront, address, and overcome the obstacles keeping you from being the very best version of yourself possible.
Bring it on! I offer uniquely tailored psychotherapy & sex therapy. Please talk about everything & anything, particularly topics that other therapists don't understand or won't hear. I'm said to have a large capacity for care, compassion, & candor while also being a straight-talker. I synthesize depth psychotherapy, sex therapy, coaching, counseling, and more. Sexual diversity, erotic pleasure, and relational intimacy are areas in which I thrive. We'll forge a deep therapeutic alliance and find, confront, address, and overcome the obstacles keeping you from being the very best version of yourself possible.
(646) 374-4300 View (646) 374-4300
Photo of May Falcone, Mental Health Counselor in 10026, NY
May Falcone
Mental Health Counselor, LMHC, MA
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
New York, NY 10026  (Online Only)
Life can can feel disorienting and overwhelming, especially when you navigate experiences of transition, trauma, grief, anxiety, faith related wounds. I help individuals and partners in finding solace, restoring trust, reclaim a sense of hope, and resilience. By Integrating your experiences, we work towards helping you feel more whole and empowered so you can regain meaning and a sense of purpose. We explore your pain, reconcile conflicts, and build a healthy relationship, allowing you to strive toward your goals!
Life can can feel disorienting and overwhelming, especially when you navigate experiences of transition, trauma, grief, anxiety, faith related wounds. I help individuals and partners in finding solace, restoring trust, reclaim a sense of hope, and resilience. By Integrating your experiences, we work towards helping you feel more whole and empowered so you can regain meaning and a sense of purpose. We explore your pain, reconcile conflicts, and build a healthy relationship, allowing you to strive toward your goals!
(646) 681-7218 View (646) 681-7218
Photo of Julia Mark, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in 10026, NY
Julia Mark
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10026  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Perhaps you're struggling to cope with anxiety or you've experienced a recent loss. Maybe you feel held back by shame and guilt, or you feel stuck in repetitive patterns that aren't serving you. Therapy can be a powerful tool for healing and personal growth. As your therapist, I aim to create a safe space for you to explore your thoughts and emotions without judgment. We will work to understand your past and present experiences, as well as unconscious feelings that may be unknowingly causing you pain. Doing so will help you connect with your authentic self and desires, allowing you to create meaningful change in your life.
Perhaps you're struggling to cope with anxiety or you've experienced a recent loss. Maybe you feel held back by shame and guilt, or you feel stuck in repetitive patterns that aren't serving you. Therapy can be a powerful tool for healing and personal growth. As your therapist, I aim to create a safe space for you to explore your thoughts and emotions without judgment. We will work to understand your past and present experiences, as well as unconscious feelings that may be unknowingly causing you pain. Doing so will help you connect with your authentic self and desires, allowing you to create meaningful change in your life.
(646) 762-0627 View (646) 762-0627
Photo of Tony Vilanova - Kink Aware Sex Therapist, Marriage & Family Therapist in 10026, NY
Tony Vilanova - Kink Aware Sex Therapist
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10026
There are a host of reasons one may seek Individual, couples/partners, or sex therapy. You may be dealing with issues surrounding a relationship, anxiety or depression, looking to change maladaptive patterns or shift from a negative self-image that has held you back for far too long. I work with individuals, couples/partners to help bring clarity and understanding to the issues present, and find solutions. I work toward reestablishing a sense of harmony and good communication so that they may find that space in which they feel secure and confident with each other once more.
There are a host of reasons one may seek Individual, couples/partners, or sex therapy. You may be dealing with issues surrounding a relationship, anxiety or depression, looking to change maladaptive patterns or shift from a negative self-image that has held you back for far too long. I work with individuals, couples/partners to help bring clarity and understanding to the issues present, and find solutions. I work toward reestablishing a sense of harmony and good communication so that they may find that space in which they feel secure and confident with each other once more.
(929) 239-4597 View (929) 239-4597
Photo of Tia Dole, Psychologist in 10026, NY
Tia Dole
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
New York, NY 10026  (Online Only)
Philosophy and Practice: I offer short- and long-term psychotherapy. While working collaboratively with clients, we will determine the goals for treatment and the steps towards reaching those goals. Each person has their strengths and weakness and we will work together to access your strengths, while decreasing vulnerabilities to stress. The purpose of psychotherapy is to help people to change in ways that creates a more satisfying life. Past events often get in the way of moving forward and I help clients to let go and find resolution. My focus is on intersectional identity and helping folks of color in particular.
Philosophy and Practice: I offer short- and long-term psychotherapy. While working collaboratively with clients, we will determine the goals for treatment and the steps towards reaching those goals. Each person has their strengths and weakness and we will work together to access your strengths, while decreasing vulnerabilities to stress. The purpose of psychotherapy is to help people to change in ways that creates a more satisfying life. Past events often get in the way of moving forward and I help clients to let go and find resolution. My focus is on intersectional identity and helping folks of color in particular.
(646) 480-6843 View (646) 480-6843
Photo of Aaron Lorenzo Milton, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in 10026, NY
Aaron Lorenzo Milton
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10026  (Online Only)
Greetings! In providing care, I think it is necessary to look at our whole selves, including our thoughts, feelings, social connections, herstories and histories, our fears and our dreams, as a path is charted to joy and fulfillment. I have extensive experience working with individuals from diverse backgrounds, particularly from BIPOC and LGBT+ communities. I specialize in supporting teens and adults in better understanding and treating their anxiety, depression, and trauma, amongst other concerns. It is my goal to help clients gain greater control, stability, and overall flow to live the best life possible.
Greetings! In providing care, I think it is necessary to look at our whole selves, including our thoughts, feelings, social connections, herstories and histories, our fears and our dreams, as a path is charted to joy and fulfillment. I have extensive experience working with individuals from diverse backgrounds, particularly from BIPOC and LGBT+ communities. I specialize in supporting teens and adults in better understanding and treating their anxiety, depression, and trauma, amongst other concerns. It is my goal to help clients gain greater control, stability, and overall flow to live the best life possible.
(646) 328-6946 View (646) 328-6946
Photo of Nancy Colier, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in 10026, NY
Nancy Colier
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, Rev
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10026
As a long time practitioner of Eastern spirituality, I incorporate mindfulness and meditation into our work together. Rather than using a medical model, which seeks to diagnose and fix you, I seek to introduce you to your deepest truth, and thus guide you towards a true internal refuge. And mostly, I am here to help you experience more joy, balance and peace in your life.
As a long time practitioner of Eastern spirituality, I incorporate mindfulness and meditation into our work together. Rather than using a medical model, which seeks to diagnose and fix you, I seek to introduce you to your deepest truth, and thus guide you towards a true internal refuge. And mostly, I am here to help you experience more joy, balance and peace in your life.
(646) 392-8598 View (646) 392-8598
Photo of Dr. Giacinta Talarico, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in 10026, NY
Dr. Giacinta Talarico
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, MSS, LCSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10026
Do you feel caught in the past & unable to move forward? Do you feel overwhelmed or burned out? Tired of repeating the same patterns? Ready for a change, but unsure of what it looks like and how to get there? Whether you feel anxious & overwhelmed or depressed & bored by your relationships with work, partners, friends and family, I'm here to help you move forward into the life that you want for yourself. Everyone comes to therapy for unique reasons. Whether you have a specific goal for therapy, or a nagging feeling you would like to shake, I am here to support you through an active & holistic process of collaborative exploration.
Do you feel caught in the past & unable to move forward? Do you feel overwhelmed or burned out? Tired of repeating the same patterns? Ready for a change, but unsure of what it looks like and how to get there? Whether you feel anxious & overwhelmed or depressed & bored by your relationships with work, partners, friends and family, I'm here to help you move forward into the life that you want for yourself. Everyone comes to therapy for unique reasons. Whether you have a specific goal for therapy, or a nagging feeling you would like to shake, I am here to support you through an active & holistic process of collaborative exploration.
(347) 434-8376 View (347) 434-8376
Photo of Daniela Tuda, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in 10026, NY
Daniela Tuda
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10026  (Online Only)
My philosophy around treatment focuses on non-judgmentally meeting you where you are while also working to increase your ability and confidence to grow and find balance in your potentially ever-changing current environment. I am passionate about ensuring my clients feel seen and understood for who they are as people first and foremost and work to cultivate a therapeutic relationship that works for them personally. "The only thing that's capital-T True is that you get to decide how you're going to try to see it. You get to consciously decide what has meaning and what doesn’t.”-David Foster Wallace
My philosophy around treatment focuses on non-judgmentally meeting you where you are while also working to increase your ability and confidence to grow and find balance in your potentially ever-changing current environment. I am passionate about ensuring my clients feel seen and understood for who they are as people first and foremost and work to cultivate a therapeutic relationship that works for them personally. "The only thing that's capital-T True is that you get to decide how you're going to try to see it. You get to consciously decide what has meaning and what doesn’t.”-David Foster Wallace
(646) 941-8032 View (646) 941-8032
Photo of Penelope Dow, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in 10026, NY
Penelope Dow
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10026
Waitlist for new clients
In my practice I work with clients of all backgrounds and age groups; and I have a specialty in adolescence and young adulthood. I enjoy supporting clients as they navigate growing up and becoming adults in this complex world. My approach is grounded in Psychodynamic Theory and the belief that many of our problems are rooted in thinking patterns, behaviors, and emotional responses that we developed early in life. My work is eclectic and collaborative. I draw on many modalities including Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Trauma Informed Treatment, Family Systems Theory and Motivational Interviewing.
In my practice I work with clients of all backgrounds and age groups; and I have a specialty in adolescence and young adulthood. I enjoy supporting clients as they navigate growing up and becoming adults in this complex world. My approach is grounded in Psychodynamic Theory and the belief that many of our problems are rooted in thinking patterns, behaviors, and emotional responses that we developed early in life. My work is eclectic and collaborative. I draw on many modalities including Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Trauma Informed Treatment, Family Systems Theory and Motivational Interviewing.
(917) 336-6453 View (917) 336-6453
Photo of Mary McRae, Psychologist in 10026, NY
Mary McRae
Psychologist, EdD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10026  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
I help people to become more aware of their emotions and ways of thinking about concerns and problems that impact them in daily life. I believe that awareness leads to a better understanding which enhances coping skills. I am also interested in how an individual is impacted emotionally by their environment and social context. People who work with me comment on my being authentic and genuine, willing to engage and challenge as necessary.
I help people to become more aware of their emotions and ways of thinking about concerns and problems that impact them in daily life. I believe that awareness leads to a better understanding which enhances coping skills. I am also interested in how an individual is impacted emotionally by their environment and social context. People who work with me comment on my being authentic and genuine, willing to engage and challenge as necessary.
(646) 679-6343 View (646) 679-6343
Photo of Natasha Edwards, Counselor in 10026, NY
Natasha Edwards
Counselor, MA, LMHC, NCC
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10026
The process of beginning therapy and finding a therapist can feel overwhelming and frightening. I understand and believe those who are starting this process are truly courageous and resourceful. In my experience, I have found having a safe, contained, and trusting environment to share all of one's thoughts, feelings, and experiences can be restorative and healing. Each experience is different and some clients desire short term treatment while others wish for a more long term therapeutic relationship to achieve their goals; I look forward to exploring options and co-creating a safe and productive space with those seeking therapy.
The process of beginning therapy and finding a therapist can feel overwhelming and frightening. I understand and believe those who are starting this process are truly courageous and resourceful. In my experience, I have found having a safe, contained, and trusting environment to share all of one's thoughts, feelings, and experiences can be restorative and healing. Each experience is different and some clients desire short term treatment while others wish for a more long term therapeutic relationship to achieve their goals; I look forward to exploring options and co-creating a safe and productive space with those seeking therapy.
(646) 759-9934 View (646) 759-9934
Photo of Jim Oher, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in 10026, NY
Jim Oher
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10026  (Online Only)
I'd like to start by talking about what brings you to seek therapy. Are there precipitating events, a culmination of events, general discomfort, social pressure, self examination, or anything else? In order to achieve your goals, we will discuss your concerns, thoughts, feelings and perceptions. This can be a quick fix or a longer term treatment plan - something that we will agree on mutually.
I'd like to start by talking about what brings you to seek therapy. Are there precipitating events, a culmination of events, general discomfort, social pressure, self examination, or anything else? In order to achieve your goals, we will discuss your concerns, thoughts, feelings and perceptions. This can be a quick fix or a longer term treatment plan - something that we will agree on mutually.
(646) 759-9734 View (646) 759-9734

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 10026

200+

Average cost per session

$200

Therapists in 10026 who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
89% Depression
80% Relationship Issues
72% Self Esteem
64% Grief
64% Trauma and PTSD
54% Family Conflict

Average years in practice

17 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

84% Aetna
64% Cigna and Evernorth
61% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in 10026 see their clients

72% In Person and Online
28% Online Only

Gender breakdown

77% Female
22% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 10026?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.