Therapists in New York, NY
Natalie Suna
Pre-Licensed Professional, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10019 (Online Only)
Do you want to cultivate a collaborative partnership for self-directed healing? I am a cisgender, white, Jewish woman living in Brooklyn, and I have experienced firsthand the opportunity therapy provides to connect and feel deeply understood. I help you bring an awareness of and curiosity about the impacts of systems, historical trauma, and early formative experiences that shape you. Bringing compassion and insight to the belief systems that keep you feeling stuck can facilitate new ways of relating to yourself.
Do you want to cultivate a collaborative partnership for self-directed healing? I am a cisgender, white, Jewish woman living in Brooklyn, and I have experienced firsthand the opportunity therapy provides to connect and feel deeply understood. I help you bring an awareness of and curiosity about the impacts of systems, historical trauma, and early formative experiences that shape you. Bringing compassion and insight to the belief systems that keep you feeling stuck can facilitate new ways of relating to yourself.
Talia Shiovitz
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10016
I am committed to being your strongest advocate. I believe in your unlimited capacity to grow and change, and my passion is to help you improve your quality of life. Together, we will find solutions and create long-term changes. I specialize in working with adolescents and adults who are seeking support for depression, anxiety, college adjustment, life transitions, sexuality/identity, stress management, relationship difficulties, and trauma.
I am committed to being your strongest advocate. I believe in your unlimited capacity to grow and change, and my passion is to help you improve your quality of life. Together, we will find solutions and create long-term changes. I specialize in working with adolescents and adults who are seeking support for depression, anxiety, college adjustment, life transitions, sexuality/identity, stress management, relationship difficulties, and trauma.
Andrea Rosenhaft
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10016
Not accepting new clients
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) with over twenty years of experience. I received my Master of Social Work degree from Fordham University. I have worked as an outpatient therapist, both in-person and remotely, and have worked for a leading managed care organization. I work with adolescents, adults, older adults, and families.
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) with over twenty years of experience. I received my Master of Social Work degree from Fordham University. I have worked as an outpatient therapist, both in-person and remotely, and have worked for a leading managed care organization. I work with adolescents, adults, older adults, and families.
Briana Schmidt
Pre-Licensed Professional, MHC-LP, MA
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10017 (Online Only)
Most folks I collaborate with are navigating the aftermath of trauma or adverse experiences, seeking pathways to healing. They confront challenges such as C-PTSD, eating concerns/body image issues, and codependency, with the aim of identifying triggers and managing unwanted behaviors more effectively. Their journey is towards processing past traumas, fostering resilience, and reclaiming their lives. They aspire to convert their pain into strength, nurturing healthier relationships with both themselves and the surrounding world.
Most folks I collaborate with are navigating the aftermath of trauma or adverse experiences, seeking pathways to healing. They confront challenges such as C-PTSD, eating concerns/body image issues, and codependency, with the aim of identifying triggers and managing unwanted behaviors more effectively. Their journey is towards processing past traumas, fostering resilience, and reclaiming their lives. They aspire to convert their pain into strength, nurturing healthier relationships with both themselves and the surrounding world.
Cloud Counseling
Counselor, LMHC, DCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
New York, NY 10037
I am a licensed psychotherapist and certified online counselor. I believe that exploring a desire to change is the first step in creating a fulfilling lifestyle. Using Cloud Counseling(c), or distance counseling, we can build an energized mindset that can help you to achieve a goal or change a dysfunctional behavior. I have experience working with depression, anxiety, psychotic disorders, emotional disturbances, self-empowerment, trauma, loss, finding meaning and addiction. I work to empower clients using a strengths-based, affirming perspective to teach coping skills, to help guide exploration of self and to provide support through normal life transitions.
I am a licensed psychotherapist and certified online counselor. I believe that exploring a desire to change is the first step in creating a fulfilling lifestyle. Using Cloud Counseling(c), or distance counseling, we can build an energized mindset that can help you to achieve a goal or change a dysfunctional behavior. I have experience working with depression, anxiety, psychotic disorders, emotional disturbances, self-empowerment, trauma, loss, finding meaning and addiction. I work to empower clients using a strengths-based, affirming perspective to teach coping skills, to help guide exploration of self and to provide support through normal life transitions.
Kristopher Thorpe
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10019 (Online Only)
My goal is to "queer" the therapy space, breaking away from heteronormative tropes that leave us trying to fit into pre-determined boxes. I believe the action of therapy is achieved through the building of a safe, collaborative, and trusting relationship between client and therapist. Two people come together with their individual identities and construct a space to facilitate growth, change, and insight. In this space we can begin to explore experiences of trauma, relationship, conflict and intention. It is through this exploration that we can begin understand our relationship to the world.
My goal is to "queer" the therapy space, breaking away from heteronormative tropes that leave us trying to fit into pre-determined boxes. I believe the action of therapy is achieved through the building of a safe, collaborative, and trusting relationship between client and therapist. Two people come together with their individual identities and construct a space to facilitate growth, change, and insight. In this space we can begin to explore experiences of trauma, relationship, conflict and intention. It is through this exploration that we can begin understand our relationship to the world.
Jonathan Rosen
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10128
If you find yourself or a loved one, perhaps a child or a spouse, are struggling with anxiety, depression, or a difficult life transition, I am here to support you. I believe in using tangible coping skills along with the core principles of support, trust, and empathy in helping you through this time. I believe in creating a safe and supportive environment for you to explore thoughts, and feelings. If there is something that is important to you, it is important to me. In therapy we will set goals and work towards giving you the skills needed to feel better.
If you find yourself or a loved one, perhaps a child or a spouse, are struggling with anxiety, depression, or a difficult life transition, I am here to support you. I believe in using tangible coping skills along with the core principles of support, trust, and empathy in helping you through this time. I believe in creating a safe and supportive environment for you to explore thoughts, and feelings. If there is something that is important to you, it is important to me. In therapy we will set goals and work towards giving you the skills needed to feel better.
Erica Cartieri
Counselor, LMHC, NCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
New York, NY 10018 (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Sometimes even just the idea of change can be overwhelming. By nature as humans, we tend to gravitate towards what is familiar out of a sense of comfort, whether this supports personal growth or hinders it. For this reason, I recognize that change is a gradual process and respect the importance of meeting my clients wherever they currently may be in this process. It takes an admirable amount of courage to be willing to explore and uncover specific thoughts and behaviors that may be preventing us from attaining true happiness and fulfillment in our lives.
Sometimes even just the idea of change can be overwhelming. By nature as humans, we tend to gravitate towards what is familiar out of a sense of comfort, whether this supports personal growth or hinders it. For this reason, I recognize that change is a gradual process and respect the importance of meeting my clients wherever they currently may be in this process. It takes an admirable amount of courage to be willing to explore and uncover specific thoughts and behaviors that may be preventing us from attaining true happiness and fulfillment in our lives.
Soo Ngai
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10038 (Online Only)
Hello, I am a psychotherapist who uses a supportive and goal-oriented approach to help steer you toward the life that you deserve. I can help you achieve your vision of a thriving and fulfilling life after identifying and clarifying your individual goals and taking committed action. While this is a process, I can help you navigate the journey by providing an empathic, supportive, and non-judgmental space. My practice focuses on building confidence, self-worth & validation.
Hello, I am a psychotherapist who uses a supportive and goal-oriented approach to help steer you toward the life that you deserve. I can help you achieve your vision of a thriving and fulfilling life after identifying and clarifying your individual goals and taking committed action. While this is a process, I can help you navigate the journey by providing an empathic, supportive, and non-judgmental space. My practice focuses on building confidence, self-worth & validation.
Michael K. Spier
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10011
If you feel stuck in the same unproductive problems and feelings around work, relationships, or any other issue that's important to you, I may be able to help you get to a better place. Many of my patients have considerable insight into their situation, but most find it difficult to change unproductive patterns, or "will" themselves into feeling better. You can break out of the circles of behavior that leave you feeling frustrated or overwhelmed. As a therapist, it is my job to help you gain awareness of unconscious roadblocks and help you tap into your natural ability to heal.
If you feel stuck in the same unproductive problems and feelings around work, relationships, or any other issue that's important to you, I may be able to help you get to a better place. Many of my patients have considerable insight into their situation, but most find it difficult to change unproductive patterns, or "will" themselves into feeling better. You can break out of the circles of behavior that leave you feeling frustrated or overwhelmed. As a therapist, it is my job to help you gain awareness of unconscious roadblocks and help you tap into your natural ability to heal.
Jason S
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10029 (Online Only)
My journey in mental health has been shaped by extensive training and experience, equipping me with the skills and knowledge needed to support individuals facing a variety of psychological challenges.
My journey in mental health has been shaped by extensive training and experience, equipping me with the skills and knowledge needed to support individuals facing a variety of psychological challenges.
15 Second Videos
Kristopher Thorpe
Beth Friedman
Erika Malm
Dr. Alisa Rosenberg, Psy.D
Lynn Min
Mariano Casanova
Rose L. Foley
Ashley Winkler
Wynette Green
Leah Wachtel
Jamie Downie
Jill Sammak
Zeynep Sahin
Kelsey Dunn
Ariel Powell
Bryan Batista-Thomas
Sharna Striar
Amber Pitoniak
Taylor Rosenblum
Cyndi Darnell
Barbara Wasserman
Margaret Bass
Kaela Ason
Stephanie Okori
Mickie Diamond
Kalman Honig
Adrian Kwiatkowski
Citron Hennessey Therapy
Sarah Frey
Michelle Kohut
Sheridan A. Smith
Alex Conway
Mia Dusevic
Humantold
Missy Fogarty Psychotherapy
Leslie Alan
O Zotique
Jo Bainbridge
Danny Wang - Expansive Therapy
Nicole Cuttita
Isha Kumar
Justine Duhr
Harrison Tract
Cornell & Associates Marriage & Family Therapy
Tina Vong
Amy Lebowitz Bruce
Seana Rachel Murray
Julia Laplaza
Lakeasha Elle Sullivan
Inna Yulman
Beth Friedman
Pre-Licensed Professional, MHC-LP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
New York, NY 10016
Welcome! My name is Beth Friedman, and I am glad you are here. Whether you are starting therapy for the first time or looking for a new fit, I would be happy to work with you to get yourself on the path to a fulfilled and happy life. I graduated with a major in Psychology and Psychoanalysis from Tel Aviv University and have a Master’s in Mental Health Counseling from Yeshiva’s Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology. In addition, I completed various pieces of training that taught me how to become a Trauma-informed counselor and work with individuals with a history of trauma, substance use, anxiety, schizophrenia, and mood disorders.
Welcome! My name is Beth Friedman, and I am glad you are here. Whether you are starting therapy for the first time or looking for a new fit, I would be happy to work with you to get yourself on the path to a fulfilled and happy life. I graduated with a major in Psychology and Psychoanalysis from Tel Aviv University and have a Master’s in Mental Health Counseling from Yeshiva’s Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology. In addition, I completed various pieces of training that taught me how to become a Trauma-informed counselor and work with individuals with a history of trauma, substance use, anxiety, schizophrenia, and mood disorders.
Carmen Lo
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10010 (Online Only)
Perhaps you are going through a transition, want to make a change, or have a nagging feeling you should take a closer look at neglected aspects of yourself. Do you feel unhappy or ambivalent about your career, studies, or relationships? You may need a place to process grief, loss, or other past experiences. Whatever your sources of anxiety, anger, or sadness we can work together to help you gain self-knowledge and skills as you move forward in your life.
Perhaps you are going through a transition, want to make a change, or have a nagging feeling you should take a closer look at neglected aspects of yourself. Do you feel unhappy or ambivalent about your career, studies, or relationships? You may need a place to process grief, loss, or other past experiences. Whatever your sources of anxiety, anger, or sadness we can work together to help you gain self-knowledge and skills as you move forward in your life.
Nicoleen Prince-Burrell
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW, CFA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10065 (Online Only)
Feeling overwhelmed? Is your job stress bleeding into other areas of your life? Maybe you’re thinking it may be time for a transition but are unsure. I understand the intricacies of being a working professional, including coping with workplace dynamics and stress, which can lead to mental health issues. I am here to guide you on your journey to improving your well-being through self-awareness and acceptance.
Feeling overwhelmed? Is your job stress bleeding into other areas of your life? Maybe you’re thinking it may be time for a transition but are unsure. I understand the intricacies of being a working professional, including coping with workplace dynamics and stress, which can lead to mental health issues. I am here to guide you on your journey to improving your well-being through self-awareness and acceptance.
Ilona Bakman
Counselor, MS, LMHC
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10011 (Online Only)
I am a dedicated therapist with extensive experience in supporting clients through various challenges. My background encompasses helping individuals navigate anxiety, depression, and relationship issues. I specialize in providing psychoeducation and insight into mental health conditions, including depressive and anxiety symptoms. I have a passion for aiding clients in achieving emotional well-being and improved coping strategies. My therapeutic approach involves active listening, empathy, and the use of evidence-based techniques such as Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT).
I am a dedicated therapist with extensive experience in supporting clients through various challenges. My background encompasses helping individuals navigate anxiety, depression, and relationship issues. I specialize in providing psychoeducation and insight into mental health conditions, including depressive and anxiety symptoms. I have a passion for aiding clients in achieving emotional well-being and improved coping strategies. My therapeutic approach involves active listening, empathy, and the use of evidence-based techniques such as Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT).
Amy Dombrowski
Counselor, LMHC, MS
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
New York, NY 10007 (Online Only)
As a Mental Health Counselor with extensive experience in couples/marital therapy, I am skilled at addressing communication difficulties, loss of connection, infidelity & abuse. In individual therapy I specialize in treating relationship concerns, interpersonal struggles, family conflict, trauma, anxiety/depression, & self-esteem issues. My therapeutic style is flexible and intuitive, but I firmly believe that the strongest indicator of successful psychotherapy is the connection between counselor and patient, so my goal is to develop true, meaningful rapport with all of my clients (with a healthy dose of humor mixed in!).
As a Mental Health Counselor with extensive experience in couples/marital therapy, I am skilled at addressing communication difficulties, loss of connection, infidelity & abuse. In individual therapy I specialize in treating relationship concerns, interpersonal struggles, family conflict, trauma, anxiety/depression, & self-esteem issues. My therapeutic style is flexible and intuitive, but I firmly believe that the strongest indicator of successful psychotherapy is the connection between counselor and patient, so my goal is to develop true, meaningful rapport with all of my clients (with a healthy dose of humor mixed in!).
Paige Kessler
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10128
If you’ve been feeling stuck, lonely, anxious, or unhappy I’m glad you’re here! I provide a warm, safe and non-judgmental space so that you can feel comfortable sharing your story. In exploring how the past can shape our present day experiences you can gain insight into your life and feel more liberated and confident navigating challenges to move forward. I believe in the inherent strengths present in each individual and work to harness and foster these to create change and lessen the load you may be carrying. Having the opportunity to help people become the best version of themselves is what motivates me as a psychotherapist.
If you’ve been feeling stuck, lonely, anxious, or unhappy I’m glad you’re here! I provide a warm, safe and non-judgmental space so that you can feel comfortable sharing your story. In exploring how the past can shape our present day experiences you can gain insight into your life and feel more liberated and confident navigating challenges to move forward. I believe in the inherent strengths present in each individual and work to harness and foster these to create change and lessen the load you may be carrying. Having the opportunity to help people become the best version of themselves is what motivates me as a psychotherapist.
Erika Malm
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10010
Life is worth living when we feel authentic and genuine, and engage in meaningful relationships. Sadness, grief, disappointment, hurt, and loss are all-natural human emotions. Feeling chronically anxious, depressed, inadequate, or unlovable are not. These unrelenting feelings come from an injury (or injuries) that hasn’t healed. Regardless of where your emotional injury comes from, you can learn to regulate your reactions, heal these wounds, take care of yourself, & connect to your sense of meaning and purpose. The more you live in alignment with your values and what is meaningful to you, the better you will feel.
Life is worth living when we feel authentic and genuine, and engage in meaningful relationships. Sadness, grief, disappointment, hurt, and loss are all-natural human emotions. Feeling chronically anxious, depressed, inadequate, or unlovable are not. These unrelenting feelings come from an injury (or injuries) that hasn’t healed. Regardless of where your emotional injury comes from, you can learn to regulate your reactions, heal these wounds, take care of yourself, & connect to your sense of meaning and purpose. The more you live in alignment with your values and what is meaningful to you, the better you will feel.
Andrew Hearn
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10014
Your anxiety symptoms can be controlled before panic levels are reached and higher anxiety symptoms can be reduced. Find relief from symptoms in the first few weeks of treatment. Patients feel better in as little as three weeks and often leave treatment after six months. Specalizing in anxiety disorders such as: social anxiety, relationship issues, stress, obsessive compulsive disorder, performance anxiety, panic disorder, GAD, anxiety disorder. chronic stress, eating disorders, sexual dysfunction, relationship conflict, sleep disorder, panic, depression, out of control behavior, and confusion. New York City, Union Square, 10003, Chelsea, NYC 10011, West Village NYC 10014
Your anxiety symptoms can be controlled before panic levels are reached and higher anxiety symptoms can be reduced. Find relief from symptoms in the first few weeks of treatment. Patients feel better in as little as three weeks and often leave treatment after six months. Specalizing in anxiety disorders such as: social anxiety, relationship issues, stress, obsessive compulsive disorder, performance anxiety, panic disorder, GAD, anxiety disorder. chronic stress, eating disorders, sexual dysfunction, relationship conflict, sleep disorder, panic, depression, out of control behavior, and confusion. New York City, Union Square, 10003, Chelsea, NYC 10011, West Village NYC 10014
Michele R. Kabas
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CEDS
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10010
I INVITE YOU TO POSITIVELY CHANGE YOUR LIFE. Let’s take a look at what is holding you back. By working together in a supportive, accepting, interactive environment, you can feel more empowered to make better choices for yourself and experience more joy in your life. I specialize in work with adults 18-65+ who may be dealing with Eating Disorders or body image issues, feeling depressed or anxious, who may have had some trauma, or who may be dealing with relationship issues. My goal is to help each person grow through self-awareness and reach their greatest potential for happiness and self-fulfillment.
I INVITE YOU TO POSITIVELY CHANGE YOUR LIFE. Let’s take a look at what is holding you back. By working together in a supportive, accepting, interactive environment, you can feel more empowered to make better choices for yourself and experience more joy in your life. I specialize in work with adults 18-65+ who may be dealing with Eating Disorders or body image issues, feeling depressed or anxious, who may have had some trauma, or who may be dealing with relationship issues. My goal is to help each person grow through self-awareness and reach their greatest potential for happiness and self-fulfillment.
See more therapy options for New York
How does your Therapist compare?
Number of Therapists in New York, NY
3,000+
Average cost per session
$200
Therapists in New York, NY who prioritize treating:
94% | Anxiety |
89% | Depression |
85% | Relationship Issues |
78% | Self Esteem |
67% | Trauma and PTSD |
66% | Stress |
63% | Coping Skills |
Average years in practice
12 Years
Top 3 insurances accepted
78% | Aetna |
62% | UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH |
60% | Cigna and Evernorth |
How Therapists in New York, NY see their clients
59% | In Person and Online | |
41% | Online Only |
Gender breakdown
78% | Female | |
21% | Male | |
1% | Non-Binary |
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling
How can I find a therapist in New York?
Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.
Learn more about how to find a therapist
Learn more about how to find a therapist
Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?
The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.
Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.
Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.
What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?
Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.
Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.
Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.
What type of therapy is right for me?
The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.
How much does therapy cost?
The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.
What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?
Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.
Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?
Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.
Is online therapy a good option?
Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.
Are therapy sessions confidential?
Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.