Therapists in 07435

Photo of Kenneth Langlieb, Psychologist, PhD, MA, BA
Kenneth Langlieb
Psychologist, PhD, MA, BA
Newfoundland, NJ 07435
Modern Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Traditional Holistic approaches. Specialty: anxiety, fears, phobias, OCD, panic and especially Social Anxiety / Shyness. Also work on depression, negative thoughts, inner critic and personal / relationship issues. Free initial phone consultation..
Modern Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Traditional Holistic approaches. Specialty: anxiety, fears, phobias, OCD, panic and especially Social Anxiety / Shyness. Also work on depression, negative thoughts, inner critic and personal / relationship issues. Free initial phone consultation..
(201) 928-5300 View (201) 928-5300
Photo of Alexa Vizcarra- Motherhood Overwhelm - Alexa Vizcarra- Postpartum Therapist , Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, PMH-C
Alexa Vizcarra- Postpartum Therapist
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, PMH-C
20 Endorsed
Online Only
If you're the mom who's trying to be everything for everyone- juggling it all with "I've got it", only to feel guilt, anxiety or resentment when it becomes too much- I see you. Lately you've been wondering if this heaviness is just exhaustion or something more. You love your baby, but your mind keeps racing- you're anxious, on edge, and you can't remember the last time you truly relaxed. You tell yourself you should be grateful, but instead you feel irritable, overwhelmed, and guilty for even admitting it.
If you're the mom who's trying to be everything for everyone- juggling it all with "I've got it", only to feel guilt, anxiety or resentment when it becomes too much- I see you. Lately you've been wondering if this heaviness is just exhaustion or something more. You love your baby, but your mind keeps racing- you're anxious, on edge, and you can't remember the last time you truly relaxed. You tell yourself you should be grateful, but instead you feel irritable, overwhelmed, and guilty for even admitting it.
(973) 354-5249 View (973) 354-5249
Photo of Sarah Silverman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, MT-BC
Sarah Silverman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, MT-BC
Online Only
Therapy should be a safe space for you to work towards your goals, without any judgment. Rather than feeling alone, a therapist should assist you on your journey to build the life you have envisioned, while understanding that you are the expert in your own life. I will be that therapist for you. I am passionate about assisting others to understand how their past impacts their current, in order to move forward to their future. I have experience working with those who have experienced trauma, endure the daily challenges of depression, anxiety, ADHD, and borderline personality disorder, and/or deal with LGBTQ+ issues.
Therapy should be a safe space for you to work towards your goals, without any judgment. Rather than feeling alone, a therapist should assist you on your journey to build the life you have envisioned, while understanding that you are the expert in your own life. I will be that therapist for you. I am passionate about assisting others to understand how their past impacts their current, in order to move forward to their future. I have experience working with those who have experienced trauma, endure the daily challenges of depression, anxiety, ADHD, and borderline personality disorder, and/or deal with LGBTQ+ issues.
(610) 545-4727 View (610) 545-4727
Photo of Joseph Chang, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Joseph Chang
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
Hello! I am a licensed clinical social worker with over 15 years of experience working with adults, teens, couples, and older adults. I provide a safe and confidential space for my clients to explore their thoughts and feelings. I utilize approaches such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), Motivational Interviewing (MI), spirituality, family structure, Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), trauma-informed care, Prepare/Enrich couple therapy, and psychoeducation.
Hello! I am a licensed clinical social worker with over 15 years of experience working with adults, teens, couples, and older adults. I provide a safe and confidential space for my clients to explore their thoughts and feelings. I utilize approaches such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), Motivational Interviewing (MI), spirituality, family structure, Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), trauma-informed care, Prepare/Enrich couple therapy, and psychoeducation.
(973) 620-2713 View (973) 620-2713

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Helen Carabajal, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Helen Carabajal
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Serves Area
It is safe to say that as humans we have the ability to survive some of the most difficult challenges. Whether these difficulties stem from our workplace, families, relationships, financial stress, physical health or a combination of all of the above we can all agree that at times the stress seems inevitable and along with it feelings of depression and anxiety can slowly start to manifest and impact our daily functioning. Taking a step back and putting our mental health first is a huge step toward learning and developing the skills needed to be the best version of us and not just survive, but learn to live.
It is safe to say that as humans we have the ability to survive some of the most difficult challenges. Whether these difficulties stem from our workplace, families, relationships, financial stress, physical health or a combination of all of the above we can all agree that at times the stress seems inevitable and along with it feelings of depression and anxiety can slowly start to manifest and impact our daily functioning. Taking a step back and putting our mental health first is a huge step toward learning and developing the skills needed to be the best version of us and not just survive, but learn to live.
(732) 385-3922 View (732) 385-3922
Photo of Christine Peters, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Christine Peters
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Chatham, NJ 07928
Christine has over 10 years of therapy experience, utilizing Cognitive Behavior Therapy, Dialectical Behavior Therapy, and other approaches. She received her degree from New York University and is also a Board Certified Behavior Analyst. She has experience working with children, adolescents, and adults for a variety of issues. These include depression, Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), anxiety, phobias, panic, anger, stress, insomnia, ADHD, autism, developmental delays, and work/home/school issues.
Christine has over 10 years of therapy experience, utilizing Cognitive Behavior Therapy, Dialectical Behavior Therapy, and other approaches. She received her degree from New York University and is also a Board Certified Behavior Analyst. She has experience working with children, adolescents, and adults for a variety of issues. These include depression, Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), anxiety, phobias, panic, anger, stress, insomnia, ADHD, autism, developmental delays, and work/home/school issues.
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Photo of Katherine Grey, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LCADC, ACS, CCS
Katherine Grey
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LCADC, ACS, CCS
4 Endorsed
Midland Park, NJ 07432
Many of us may find ourselves struggling, surviving, doing what we can each day to get by. Just because this is what you have known, it does not have to be your present or future. As a Licensed Professional Counselor and a Licensed Clinical Drug and Alcohol Counselor, I have many years of experience working with adolescents, adults, and families who are experiencing difficulties including anxiety, depression, relationship issues, life transitions, family struggles, loss, and low self-esteem. Therapy is a safe space where these difficulties can be explored and an individual path to wellness can be created.
Many of us may find ourselves struggling, surviving, doing what we can each day to get by. Just because this is what you have known, it does not have to be your present or future. As a Licensed Professional Counselor and a Licensed Clinical Drug and Alcohol Counselor, I have many years of experience working with adolescents, adults, and families who are experiencing difficulties including anxiety, depression, relationship issues, life transitions, family struggles, loss, and low self-esteem. Therapy is a safe space where these difficulties can be explored and an individual path to wellness can be created.
(551) 296-7640 View (551) 296-7640
Photo of Denise Pertuz - Psychotherapy & Immigration Evaluations, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Psychotherapy & Immigration Evaluations
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Newark, NJ 07103
Are you feeling stuck in stress, dealing with relationship betrayal, or facing immigration challenges, and unsure what steps to take next? At ARIS Behavioral Health LLC, we help individuals and families work through these challenges by supporting participants in healing from trauma, rebuilding trust in relationships, and conducting clinical evaluations for immigration cases in a compassionate manner.
Are you feeling stuck in stress, dealing with relationship betrayal, or facing immigration challenges, and unsure what steps to take next? At ARIS Behavioral Health LLC, we help individuals and families work through these challenges by supporting participants in healing from trauma, rebuilding trust in relationships, and conducting clinical evaluations for immigration cases in a compassionate manner.
(732) 707-9403 View (732) 707-9403
Photo of Gillious J Soler, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Gillious J Soler
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
2 Endorsed
Bloomfield, NJ 07003
Welcome. I am an LCSW with over 10 years of experience working with high-distress professionals and veterans who appear high functioning on the outside but feel internally overwhelmed, stuck, or out of control. Many of the individuals I work with struggle with overthinking, anxiety, trauma, and private urges or behaviors that create conflict, secrecy, or distance in their relationships. You may feel disciplined and successful in certain areas of your life, yet find yourself losing control in others. This is not traditional talk therapy. This is results driven collaborative psychotherapy for results you can both see and feel!
Welcome. I am an LCSW with over 10 years of experience working with high-distress professionals and veterans who appear high functioning on the outside but feel internally overwhelmed, stuck, or out of control. Many of the individuals I work with struggle with overthinking, anxiety, trauma, and private urges or behaviors that create conflict, secrecy, or distance in their relationships. You may feel disciplined and successful in certain areas of your life, yet find yourself losing control in others. This is not traditional talk therapy. This is results driven collaborative psychotherapy for results you can both see and feel!
(201) 773-1355 View (201) 773-1355
Photo of Tressabelle Euchler, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW
Tressabelle Euchler
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW
Online Only
I am a trauma-informed therapist and licensed social worker working towards getting my clinical license. I have an undergraduate degree from Stockton University in social work specializing in children. And I have a master's degree from Monmouth University in social work specializing in clinical work with children and families. I am passionate about working with children, teens, and adults struggling with many issues, such as anxiety, ADHD, developmental disorders, learning delays, peer relationships, self-worth, and much more.
I am a trauma-informed therapist and licensed social worker working towards getting my clinical license. I have an undergraduate degree from Stockton University in social work specializing in children. And I have a master's degree from Monmouth University in social work specializing in clinical work with children and families. I am passionate about working with children, teens, and adults struggling with many issues, such as anxiety, ADHD, developmental disorders, learning delays, peer relationships, self-worth, and much more.
(732) 487-3381 View (732) 487-3381
Photo of Amber Marie Montes, Counselor, MEd, LAC
Amber Marie Montes
Counselor, MEd, LAC
Teaneck, NJ 07666
Navigating life's challenges can be overwhelming, whether you're dealing with anxiety, depression, trauma, or relationship issues. I offer a safe, non-judgmental space where you can freely explore your thoughts and emotions. My goal is to help you understand the underlying causes of your feelings and behaviors, and together, we can work towards a more fulfilling life free from the constraints of mental health struggles.
Navigating life's challenges can be overwhelming, whether you're dealing with anxiety, depression, trauma, or relationship issues. I offer a safe, non-judgmental space where you can freely explore your thoughts and emotions. My goal is to help you understand the underlying causes of your feelings and behaviors, and together, we can work towards a more fulfilling life free from the constraints of mental health struggles.
(551) 365-6381 View (551) 365-6381
Photo of Melyssa Mandelbaum, Psychologist, PsyD
Melyssa Mandelbaum
Psychologist, PsyD
2 Endorsed
River Edge, NJ 07661
I understand that life’s complexities can sometimes feel overwhelming, and I deeply respect the courage it takes to seek help. My approach is rooted in empathy and respect, as I create a nonjudgmental, safe space for you to explore your thoughts, emotions, and behaviors. Together, we will identify the patterns that have been holding you back, and I’ll guide you with evidence-based tools to create meaningful change.
I understand that life’s complexities can sometimes feel overwhelming, and I deeply respect the courage it takes to seek help. My approach is rooted in empathy and respect, as I create a nonjudgmental, safe space for you to explore your thoughts, emotions, and behaviors. Together, we will identify the patterns that have been holding you back, and I’ll guide you with evidence-based tools to create meaningful change.
(551) 383-4374 View (551) 383-4374
Photo of Deborah G Schuster, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, BCD
Deborah G Schuster
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, BCD
Teaneck, NJ 07666
Too often individuals & couples self-impose obstacles to their own happiness. Within a warm, caring atmosphere, I endeavor to help rid clients of these roadblocks--to get them unstuck from repetitive, unproductive behaviors and/or relational patterns so that they may move on to richer fuller lives. While nurturing & supportive, I am active & solution focused, concentrating on the present with an understanding of the past.
Too often individuals & couples self-impose obstacles to their own happiness. Within a warm, caring atmosphere, I endeavor to help rid clients of these roadblocks--to get them unstuck from repetitive, unproductive behaviors and/or relational patterns so that they may move on to richer fuller lives. While nurturing & supportive, I am active & solution focused, concentrating on the present with an understanding of the past.
(201) 688-7003 View (201) 688-7003
Photo of Samantha Powell, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Samantha Powell
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Newark, NJ 07103
Struggling with life’s challenges and looking for support? I’m Samantha Powell, LCSW, with experience across developmental disabilities, child, adolescent, adult, and geriatric settings. I’ve worked in inpatient psychiatric homes, women’s shelters, schools, and individual therapy, supporting clients with anxiety, depression, grief, trauma, self-harm, and relationship challenges. Using evidence-based, humanistic, and holistic approaches, I work hand-in-hand with clients to overcome barriers and reach their highest potential.
Struggling with life’s challenges and looking for support? I’m Samantha Powell, LCSW, with experience across developmental disabilities, child, adolescent, adult, and geriatric settings. I’ve worked in inpatient psychiatric homes, women’s shelters, schools, and individual therapy, supporting clients with anxiety, depression, grief, trauma, self-harm, and relationship challenges. Using evidence-based, humanistic, and holistic approaches, I work hand-in-hand with clients to overcome barriers and reach their highest potential.
(732) 627-4210 View (732) 627-4210
Photo of Carolyn Smiley, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Carolyn Smiley
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
South Orange, NJ 07079
We all experience times in our lives when we feel that life is out of balance. Perhaps there is sadness, or longing. Something doesn't feel quite right. Or Maybe we experience the effects of past or present trauma and feel disconnected from ourselves or others. With presence and warmth my goal is to provide a nurturing environment where you can explore, process, and develop insight into why life feels the way it does. I'll strive to help you find sure footing as you navigate the uncertainties of life, and develop a deeper connection with yourself and others.
We all experience times in our lives when we feel that life is out of balance. Perhaps there is sadness, or longing. Something doesn't feel quite right. Or Maybe we experience the effects of past or present trauma and feel disconnected from ourselves or others. With presence and warmth my goal is to provide a nurturing environment where you can explore, process, and develop insight into why life feels the way it does. I'll strive to help you find sure footing as you navigate the uncertainties of life, and develop a deeper connection with yourself and others.
(908) 948-8935 View (908) 948-8935
Photo of Steven D. Chen, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LCADC
Steven D. Chen
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LCADC
Paramus, NJ 07652
I am a dual licensed clinical social worker and licensed clinical addiction and drug counselor (LCSW and LCADC) with experience working with children, adolescents, adults and families in various care level and treatment environments. I strongly believe in the potential of the mind, body and spirit that empower each person to regain a balanced life, healthier relationship with others and the world. I am passionate in encouraging and empowering clients to learn and grow using various approaches meeting the unique needs of each client to resolve their issues.
I am a dual licensed clinical social worker and licensed clinical addiction and drug counselor (LCSW and LCADC) with experience working with children, adolescents, adults and families in various care level and treatment environments. I strongly believe in the potential of the mind, body and spirit that empower each person to regain a balanced life, healthier relationship with others and the world. I am passionate in encouraging and empowering clients to learn and grow using various approaches meeting the unique needs of each client to resolve their issues.
(201) 479-9760 View (201) 479-9760
Photo of Ricky Rivera, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW
Ricky Rivera
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW
2 Endorsed
Cranford, NJ 07016
My ideal client is someone navigating anxiety, life transitions, or identity challenges. They want to feel more grounded, confident, and emotionally connected. Their goals include building self-awareness, setting boundaries, and improving communication. They seek a safe space to process and grow because they want to feel more in control of their lives and relationships.
My ideal client is someone navigating anxiety, life transitions, or identity challenges. They want to feel more grounded, confident, and emotionally connected. Their goals include building self-awareness, setting boundaries, and improving communication. They seek a safe space to process and grow because they want to feel more in control of their lives and relationships.
(908) 498-7751 View (908) 498-7751
Photo of Samuel Parton, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Samuel Parton
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Montville, NJ 07045
Working in schools and foster care settings for years, Sam is an expert in child and adolescent therapy. He utilizes two of the leading therapies, Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) and Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT). With CBT, Sam helps clients change unhelpful thought processes and behavioral patterns and aids clients in bravely facing their fears. While with DBT, he helps clients learn better emotion regulation, distress tolerance, and interpersonal skills. He is passionate about building connections and assists clients in finding strengths and skills within themselves to work through any struggles they might be experiencing.
Working in schools and foster care settings for years, Sam is an expert in child and adolescent therapy. He utilizes two of the leading therapies, Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) and Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT). With CBT, Sam helps clients change unhelpful thought processes and behavioral patterns and aids clients in bravely facing their fears. While with DBT, he helps clients learn better emotion regulation, distress tolerance, and interpersonal skills. He is passionate about building connections and assists clients in finding strengths and skills within themselves to work through any struggles they might be experiencing.
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Photo of Barb Petrella, Psychologist, PhD, BCC
Barb Petrella
Psychologist, PhD, BCC
Hackensack, NJ 07601
Welcome! Let’s work together to help you thrive. For those of you seeking therapeutic intervention, I provide evidence-based psychotherapy for adolescents and adults, specializing in anxiety and adjustment to life transitions such as divorce, moving, and the transition to college. I also offer career counseling for teens and adults to help you clarify goals and navigate professional challenges, and life coaching to empower meaningful growth. My social skills groups help children build strong social connections. I provide clinical supervision that nurtures skill development, professional identity, and ethical practice.
Welcome! Let’s work together to help you thrive. For those of you seeking therapeutic intervention, I provide evidence-based psychotherapy for adolescents and adults, specializing in anxiety and adjustment to life transitions such as divorce, moving, and the transition to college. I also offer career counseling for teens and adults to help you clarify goals and navigate professional challenges, and life coaching to empower meaningful growth. My social skills groups help children build strong social connections. I provide clinical supervision that nurtures skill development, professional identity, and ethical practice.
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Photo of Pooja Bakri - Pooja Bakri Creative Arts Therapy LLC, Art Therapist, LPAT, LCAT, ATR-BC
Pooja Bakri Creative Arts Therapy LLC
Art Therapist, LPAT, LCAT, ATR-BC
2 Endorsed
Montclair, NJ 07042
I specialize in providing creative art therapy services to individuals of all ages and am dedicated to helping my clients discover their own unique path to happiness and wellbeing. Words alone often cannot express the emotions experienced for many people who are struggling to overcome trauma or challenges in life. By combining traditional psychotherapy with the creative process, art therapy can provide opportunities to explore behaviors, emotions, and experiences. Each session can provide a wonderful outlet to relieve anxiety and stress. No previous experience in art making is needed to benefit from this therapeutic method.
I specialize in providing creative art therapy services to individuals of all ages and am dedicated to helping my clients discover their own unique path to happiness and wellbeing. Words alone often cannot express the emotions experienced for many people who are struggling to overcome trauma or challenges in life. By combining traditional psychotherapy with the creative process, art therapy can provide opportunities to explore behaviors, emotions, and experiences. Each session can provide a wonderful outlet to relieve anxiety and stress. No previous experience in art making is needed to benefit from this therapeutic method.
(201) 429-0789 View (201) 429-0789

See more therapy options for 07435

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 07435

< 10

Therapists in 07435 who prioritize treating:

100% Anxiety
75% Relationship Issues
75% Depression
75% Grief
75% Parenting
75% Self Esteem
75% Stress

Average years in practice

34 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

100% Aetna
100% Cigna and Evernorth
100% Oxford

How Therapists in 07435 see their clients

75% Online Only
25% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

50% Female
50% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 07435?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.