Therapists in Montclair, NJ

Photo of Betsy Stephens, Licensed Social Worker in Montclair, NJ
Betsy Stephens
Licensed Social Worker, LSW, MSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Montclair, NJ 07043
My aim is to help you find the best version of yourself. Sometimes this means processing a deep hurt from the past. Sometimes this means reconfiguring your response to your current situation. Sometimes this means developing skills that will help you meet future circumstances successfully. I’m here for all of it. I am an ADHD Certified Clinical Services Provider (ADHD-CCSP). I've also taught mindfulness-based practices for 20-plus years. I’ll draw from concepts of mindfulness, cognitive behavioral therapy and strengths-based psychotherapy to meet you where you are and deliver an impactful treatment plan.
My aim is to help you find the best version of yourself. Sometimes this means processing a deep hurt from the past. Sometimes this means reconfiguring your response to your current situation. Sometimes this means developing skills that will help you meet future circumstances successfully. I’m here for all of it. I am an ADHD Certified Clinical Services Provider (ADHD-CCSP). I've also taught mindfulness-based practices for 20-plus years. I’ll draw from concepts of mindfulness, cognitive behavioral therapy and strengths-based psychotherapy to meet you where you are and deliver an impactful treatment plan.
(973) 587-2361 View (973) 587-2361
Photo of Israel Martinez, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Montclair, NJ
Israel Martinez
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
13 Endorsed
Montclair, NJ 07042
I specialize in work with the LGBTQ+, consensually non-monogamous, and kink/BDSM communities. Are you worried that most therapists will not truly understand you or that you will have to censor yourself in therapy because of your sexual and/or gender minority status? I had these same concerns and they motivated me to become a psychotherapist who could help others like me. We will work together in a safe and relaxing environment to discover and actualize the solutions you need in order to live a more fulfilling life.
I specialize in work with the LGBTQ+, consensually non-monogamous, and kink/BDSM communities. Are you worried that most therapists will not truly understand you or that you will have to censor yourself in therapy because of your sexual and/or gender minority status? I had these same concerns and they motivated me to become a psychotherapist who could help others like me. We will work together in a safe and relaxing environment to discover and actualize the solutions you need in order to live a more fulfilling life.
(973) 617-2618 View (973) 617-2618
Photo of Michelle Bivas, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Montclair, NJ
Michelle Bivas
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LSW
Verified Verified
Montclair, NJ 07042  (Online Only)
Hi, and welcome! My name is Michelle Bivas, MSW, LSW and I'm so happy to have you here! I have a bachelor's degree in psychology and a master's degree in social work, both from Rutgers University. My educational areas of concentration include women's and gender studies, sexuality studies, trauma, mental health, and behavioral health. I have direct experience helping clients with a wide range of issues including trauma, anxiety, depression, relationship and work issues, self-esteem, identity work, and much more. I work with clients in a dynamic manner that allows for life's little moments to hold as much importance as the big ones.
Hi, and welcome! My name is Michelle Bivas, MSW, LSW and I'm so happy to have you here! I have a bachelor's degree in psychology and a master's degree in social work, both from Rutgers University. My educational areas of concentration include women's and gender studies, sexuality studies, trauma, mental health, and behavioral health. I have direct experience helping clients with a wide range of issues including trauma, anxiety, depression, relationship and work issues, self-esteem, identity work, and much more. I work with clients in a dynamic manner that allows for life's little moments to hold as much importance as the big ones.
(732) 592-5327 View (732) 592-5327
Photo of Mary Ann Forster, LCSW, LLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Montclair, NJ
Mary Ann Forster, LCSW, LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Montclair, NJ 07042
Asking for help is not easy. Perhaps you have tried to resolve your concerns on your own but feel now is the time for something different. I believe it's important to find a therapist with whom you feel comfortable to be yourself. Growth can take place when trust and a sense of connection develop over time.
Asking for help is not easy. Perhaps you have tried to resolve your concerns on your own but feel now is the time for something different. I believe it's important to find a therapist with whom you feel comfortable to be yourself. Growth can take place when trust and a sense of connection develop over time.
(201) 529-0448 View (201) 529-0448
Photo of Rebecca Dennis, Licensed Professional Counselor in Montclair, NJ
Rebecca Dennis
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, ATR-BC, LCADC, LCAT
Verified Verified
Montclair, NJ 07042
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor with over 15 years experience located in Montclair, New Jersey. I offer a range of therapeutic approaches depending on your needs. Together we will target the issues that bring you into therapy and seek solutions in a timely manner.
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor with over 15 years experience located in Montclair, New Jersey. I offer a range of therapeutic approaches depending on your needs. Together we will target the issues that bring you into therapy and seek solutions in a timely manner.
(973) 874-1844 View (973) 874-1844
Photo of Mark Dodd, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Montclair, NJ
Mark Dodd
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Montclair, NJ 07042
My orientation to psychotherapy is to approach every session as a creative undertaking, whether it is with an individual or a group, a couple or a family, a child, an adolescent, or an adult. This is true for every stage of the treatment process, beginning with engagement and problem clarification, with developing a working relationship based on trust, and moving constructively forward in relation to established objectives. The process of each session involves engaging purposefully to facilitate problem resolution, newness, and growth. When appropriate the course of treatment can be as brief as three sessions.
My orientation to psychotherapy is to approach every session as a creative undertaking, whether it is with an individual or a group, a couple or a family, a child, an adolescent, or an adult. This is true for every stage of the treatment process, beginning with engagement and problem clarification, with developing a working relationship based on trust, and moving constructively forward in relation to established objectives. The process of each session involves engaging purposefully to facilitate problem resolution, newness, and growth. When appropriate the course of treatment can be as brief as three sessions.
(973) 841-4160 View (973) 841-4160
Photo of Dawn Fried, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Montclair, NJ
Dawn Fried
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Montclair, NJ 07042
Are you living the life you want for yourself? I recognize your worth and the strengths within you. Allow me to help you improve your sense of well being in the shortest time possible. We will partner together as I assist you in getting unstuck from painful self-limiting behaviors, feelings and thoughts with compassion, honesty and insight. You will free yourself from patterns in your past and dismantle beliefs at the core of your difficulties. I combine traditional and alternative techniques with a mind-body-spirit perspective for healing that creates greater emotional balance, self acceptance and fulfillment.
Are you living the life you want for yourself? I recognize your worth and the strengths within you. Allow me to help you improve your sense of well being in the shortest time possible. We will partner together as I assist you in getting unstuck from painful self-limiting behaviors, feelings and thoughts with compassion, honesty and insight. You will free yourself from patterns in your past and dismantle beliefs at the core of your difficulties. I combine traditional and alternative techniques with a mind-body-spirit perspective for healing that creates greater emotional balance, self acceptance and fulfillment.
(973) 671-1765 View (973) 671-1765
Photo of Arthur L Pressley, Psychologist in Montclair, NJ
Arthur L Pressley
Psychologist, PhD, MDiv
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Montclair, NJ 07042
I have a clinical practice that offers services to children, adolescents, and couples. Most couples seek therapy to improve their communication, to discover more effective strategies to resolve conflicts and to create new goals for their marriage. Almost all couples come to the realization that the reasons for staying married are different than the reasons for getting married. Couples therapy can frequently help achieve these goals in 4-6 sessions. my clinical practice with children focuses on helping parents to gain a wider range of interventions with children who are adjusting to changes in their bodies, families, and school.
I have a clinical practice that offers services to children, adolescents, and couples. Most couples seek therapy to improve their communication, to discover more effective strategies to resolve conflicts and to create new goals for their marriage. Almost all couples come to the realization that the reasons for staying married are different than the reasons for getting married. Couples therapy can frequently help achieve these goals in 4-6 sessions. my clinical practice with children focuses on helping parents to gain a wider range of interventions with children who are adjusting to changes in their bodies, families, and school.
(862) 276-2867 View (862) 276-2867
Photo of Robert Brett Fechner, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Montclair, NJ
Robert Brett Fechner
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Montclair, NJ 07043
Whether therapy is something you feel you need, something you want, or something your parents are making you do, understanding your deeper self is never a bad choice. But it can be a challenging one. I honor any person willing or wanting to embark on that adventure, and focus on helping my clients to identify, understand, and explore the aspects of their lives and their selves that feel stuck, painful, or not quite where they want them to be. I firmly believe that depth of understanding, emotional awareness, and rejuvenated coping skills are the foundations of progress, confidence, and success.
Whether therapy is something you feel you need, something you want, or something your parents are making you do, understanding your deeper self is never a bad choice. But it can be a challenging one. I honor any person willing or wanting to embark on that adventure, and focus on helping my clients to identify, understand, and explore the aspects of their lives and their selves that feel stuck, painful, or not quite where they want them to be. I firmly believe that depth of understanding, emotional awareness, and rejuvenated coping skills are the foundations of progress, confidence, and success.
(973) 828-0472 View (973) 828-0472
Photo of Lisa M Ilaria, Psychologist in Montclair, NJ
Lisa M Ilaria
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Montclair, NJ 07042
Not accepting new clients
Are you struggling to regain your equilibrium after months of unprecedented challenge, stress, and loss? Perhaps you are feeling depressed, isolated, fearful, or just overwhelmed? Have you lost your sense of self? Has your health suffered? Have your relationships with friends, family or significant others worsened or become unmanageable? Are you doing "ok" but wonder if there's a better version of your life you could be living? If so, it may be time to look more deeply into yourself and find new ways to move forward. I can help you to live more insightfully, create better balance, reduce distress, and uncover your path to wellness.
Are you struggling to regain your equilibrium after months of unprecedented challenge, stress, and loss? Perhaps you are feeling depressed, isolated, fearful, or just overwhelmed? Have you lost your sense of self? Has your health suffered? Have your relationships with friends, family or significant others worsened or become unmanageable? Are you doing "ok" but wonder if there's a better version of your life you could be living? If so, it may be time to look more deeply into yourself and find new ways to move forward. I can help you to live more insightfully, create better balance, reduce distress, and uncover your path to wellness.
(862) 272-3904 View (862) 272-3904
Photo of Kaitlin Vanderhoff, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Montclair, NJ
Kaitlin Vanderhoff
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Montclair, NJ 07042
Have you recently experienced a difficult event or struggled for years with unexplained panic or anger without relief? My goal as a therapist is to serve clients who are looking for a guide and ally to lead them toward improved emotional health, better relationships, and life satisfaction. If you are ready to make a change or at least willing to explore the possibilities that therapy can offer then relief is possible.
Have you recently experienced a difficult event or struggled for years with unexplained panic or anger without relief? My goal as a therapist is to serve clients who are looking for a guide and ally to lead them toward improved emotional health, better relationships, and life satisfaction. If you are ready to make a change or at least willing to explore the possibilities that therapy can offer then relief is possible.
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Photo of Sheila Harrington, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Montclair, NJ
Sheila Harrington
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Montclair, NJ 07042
I am a licensed clinical social worker who is committed to help you feel better, to be more productive and to have more satisfying relationships. I believe in partnering with my patients to create a life worth living. You can accomplish this by incorporating mindfulness exercises, learning new coping skills, exercise and strengthening relationships. Together we will explore the connections among these areas in order to help you become the best you possible.
I am a licensed clinical social worker who is committed to help you feel better, to be more productive and to have more satisfying relationships. I believe in partnering with my patients to create a life worth living. You can accomplish this by incorporating mindfulness exercises, learning new coping skills, exercise and strengthening relationships. Together we will explore the connections among these areas in order to help you become the best you possible.
(973) 870-0601 View (973) 870-0601
Photo of Allison S Stanton, LCSW, LLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Montclair, NJ
Allison S Stanton, LCSW, LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Montclair, NJ 07042
My practice offers a variety of treatment options based on the client's needs and goals. After a thorough assessment some of the following treatment options may be recommended: individual psychotherapy, family therapy, marriage counseling, divorce counseling, or group therapy. Dialectic (DBT) and Cognitive (CBT) behavioral therapy techniques and practical interventions used in sessions will provide the client with tools and coping strategies to use between sessions. The therapeutic experience will assist clients with facilitating long term change, reducing anxiety and improving interpersonal relationships.
My practice offers a variety of treatment options based on the client's needs and goals. After a thorough assessment some of the following treatment options may be recommended: individual psychotherapy, family therapy, marriage counseling, divorce counseling, or group therapy. Dialectic (DBT) and Cognitive (CBT) behavioral therapy techniques and practical interventions used in sessions will provide the client with tools and coping strategies to use between sessions. The therapeutic experience will assist clients with facilitating long term change, reducing anxiety and improving interpersonal relationships.
(973) 928-0816 View (973) 928-0816
Photo of Susan Parente, Psychologist in Montclair, NJ
Susan Parente
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Montclair, NJ 07042
Your family doctor would not offer the same treatment to every patient dealing with physical pain. You should expect the same type of individualized and nuanced treatment when you or your family member experiences pain of an emotional nature. A licensed psychologist with 20+ years of clinical experience and an integrative orientation, I've modeled my psychological treatment approach on the family doctor paradigm. My goal is to explore, assess, identify, and then compassionately and collaboratively address the unique presenting life issues of each patient with knowledge, positivity, and creativity.
Your family doctor would not offer the same treatment to every patient dealing with physical pain. You should expect the same type of individualized and nuanced treatment when you or your family member experiences pain of an emotional nature. A licensed psychologist with 20+ years of clinical experience and an integrative orientation, I've modeled my psychological treatment approach on the family doctor paradigm. My goal is to explore, assess, identify, and then compassionately and collaboratively address the unique presenting life issues of each patient with knowledge, positivity, and creativity.
(973) 509-1113 View (973) 509-1113
Photo of James Vincent Mahon, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Montclair, NJ
James Vincent Mahon
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, BCD, MSW
Verified Verified
Montclair, NJ 07042
Contemporary life causes emotional/ mental conflict and stress. As your therapist, I will assist you in achieving authentic self-knowledge. "Knowledge Is Power". Through mirroring, I will reflect YOU to yourself; that knowledge can empower you in your life to resolve conflicts, mitigate anxieties/ depressive states and enhance/ maximize productive relationships. With 36 years of clinical practice especially serving the GLBT community, this work has enhanced my ability to be sensitive and insightful into the general human condition. The curative aspect of treatment is relational. I assist the client in developing a therapeutic alliance with me to promote mental and emotional health.
Contemporary life causes emotional/ mental conflict and stress. As your therapist, I will assist you in achieving authentic self-knowledge. "Knowledge Is Power". Through mirroring, I will reflect YOU to yourself; that knowledge can empower you in your life to resolve conflicts, mitigate anxieties/ depressive states and enhance/ maximize productive relationships. With 36 years of clinical practice especially serving the GLBT community, this work has enhanced my ability to be sensitive and insightful into the general human condition. The curative aspect of treatment is relational. I assist the client in developing a therapeutic alliance with me to promote mental and emotional health.
(973) 797-9039 View (973) 797-9039
Photo of Annemarie Halbert, Licensed Professional Counselor in Montclair, NJ
Annemarie Halbert
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Montclair, NJ 07042  (Online Only)
Hi! I am a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) in New Jersey with over 20 years of experience working with adolescents and adults in a variety of settings.
Hi! I am a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) in New Jersey with over 20 years of experience working with adolescents and adults in a variety of settings.
(973) 841-8939 View (973) 841-8939
Photo of Tiffany Leone, Licensed Professional Counselor in Montclair, NJ
Tiffany Leone
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Montclair, NJ 07042  (Online Only)
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor with a Doctorate Degree in Clinical Psychology and over 19 years of experience working in the mental health field. I am the founder / owner of the Transformation Counseling and Assessment Center, LLC. I provide a wide range of psychological treatments and have an extensive background in treating toddlers, children, adolescents, adults, families, and couples. I am well-versed in the assessment of psychological diagnoses, psychopathology, personality, intelligence, as well as Fit for Duty Evaluations, ADHD Assessments, and School Threat Risk Assessments.
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor with a Doctorate Degree in Clinical Psychology and over 19 years of experience working in the mental health field. I am the founder / owner of the Transformation Counseling and Assessment Center, LLC. I provide a wide range of psychological treatments and have an extensive background in treating toddlers, children, adolescents, adults, families, and couples. I am well-versed in the assessment of psychological diagnoses, psychopathology, personality, intelligence, as well as Fit for Duty Evaluations, ADHD Assessments, and School Threat Risk Assessments.
(973) 791-4668 View (973) 791-4668
Photo of Deborah New, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Montclair, NJ
Deborah New
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Montclair, NJ 07042
Clients come to me for relief of symptoms of anxiety and depression, and to learn to process how trauma or complex trauma may be impacting their lives today and how to move forward from it. They also seek to gain insight into why they do what they do, to improve their agency or control over their own lives, to learn how to recognize and deal with feelings, to build their self-esteem and to find more pleasure and serenity in their lives. As we work towards the goals clients become ready and willing to make the real behavioral changes that will make a positive difference in their lives.
Clients come to me for relief of symptoms of anxiety and depression, and to learn to process how trauma or complex trauma may be impacting their lives today and how to move forward from it. They also seek to gain insight into why they do what they do, to improve their agency or control over their own lives, to learn how to recognize and deal with feelings, to build their self-esteem and to find more pleasure and serenity in their lives. As we work towards the goals clients become ready and willing to make the real behavioral changes that will make a positive difference in their lives.
(973) 566-5880 View (973) 566-5880
Photo of Sally Pitanga, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Montclair, NJ
Sally Pitanga
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Montclair, NJ 07042  (Online Only)
Old patterns holding you back? Stress and anxiety gripping you? Do you just want to feel happier? Suffering from grief; or dealing with remembered trauma from childhood such as physical or sexual abuse? Problems in your relationships, with a partner/your child?
Old patterns holding you back? Stress and anxiety gripping you? Do you just want to feel happier? Suffering from grief; or dealing with remembered trauma from childhood such as physical or sexual abuse? Problems in your relationships, with a partner/your child?
(973) 657-5636 View (973) 657-5636
Photo of Lewis C Pagano, Licensed Professional Counselor in Montclair, NJ
Lewis C Pagano
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Montclair, NJ 07042
Talk therapy can help you become your true self. I have worked extensively with adults and adolescents for over 30 years and have a good understanding of childhood issues.I work with individuals and families with a focus on emotions.I believe that all people have resources to solve problems.I am easy to talk to and I have great listening skills.I have worked with individuals who are depressed and with adolescents in public education with great success I also have an extensive background in substance abuse and am certified to work with clients on Suboxone (Buprenorphine) for treatment of opiate addiction.
Talk therapy can help you become your true self. I have worked extensively with adults and adolescents for over 30 years and have a good understanding of childhood issues.I work with individuals and families with a focus on emotions.I believe that all people have resources to solve problems.I am easy to talk to and I have great listening skills.I have worked with individuals who are depressed and with adolescents in public education with great success I also have an extensive background in substance abuse and am certified to work with clients on Suboxone (Buprenorphine) for treatment of opiate addiction.
(973) 310-2273 View (973) 310-2273

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Montclair, NJ

800+

Average cost per session

$175

Therapists in Montclair, NJ who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
89% Depression
80% Relationship Issues
79% Self Esteem
71% Coping Skills
64% Family Conflict
64% Stress

Average years in practice

13 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

73% Aetna
66% Cigna and Evernorth
66% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Montclair, NJ see their clients

69% In Person and Online
31% Online Only

Gender breakdown

80% Female
19% Male
1% Non-Binary

FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Montclair?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.