Therapists in 05673

Photo of Jennifer Degen, Registered Psychotherapist, MA
Jennifer Degen
Registered Psychotherapist, MA
5 Endorsed
Waitsfield, VT 05673
Rapid Transformational Coaching (RTT) for Anxiety, Stress & Emotional Blocks If you’re high-functioning and capable, yet still struggling with anxiety, stress, or emotional patterns you can’t shift, you’re not alone. Many of my clients come to me after talk therapy or personal development work hasn’t created lasting change. I’m a coach who works with adults using Rapid Transformational Therapy (RTT) combined with somatic and nervous-system-based approaches to identify and resolve root causes - not just manage symptoms. Because this work is focused and subconscious-based, clients often experience meaningful relief in 1-3 sessions.
Rapid Transformational Coaching (RTT) for Anxiety, Stress & Emotional Blocks If you’re high-functioning and capable, yet still struggling with anxiety, stress, or emotional patterns you can’t shift, you’re not alone. Many of my clients come to me after talk therapy or personal development work hasn’t created lasting change. I’m a coach who works with adults using Rapid Transformational Therapy (RTT) combined with somatic and nervous-system-based approaches to identify and resolve root causes - not just manage symptoms. Because this work is focused and subconscious-based, clients often experience meaningful relief in 1-3 sessions.
(802) 392-4214 View (802) 392-4214
Photo of Gary D Frankel, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Gary D Frankel
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Waitsfield, VT 05673
Through over twenty years of experience I have come to realize the importance of true, meaningful client based relationships in order to help individuals find answers to difficult life challenges. Using an eclectic style firmly based in Motivational Enhancement and Cognitive Behavioral therapies, I strive to help my clients find meaning in their lives from within. Life is hard. Challenges never cease. Finding solid solutions that work, for personal issues is key to navigating the ups and downs we all face every day.
Through over twenty years of experience I have come to realize the importance of true, meaningful client based relationships in order to help individuals find answers to difficult life challenges. Using an eclectic style firmly based in Motivational Enhancement and Cognitive Behavioral therapies, I strive to help my clients find meaning in their lives from within. Life is hard. Challenges never cease. Finding solid solutions that work, for personal issues is key to navigating the ups and downs we all face every day.
(802) 441-4016 View (802) 441-4016
Photo of Michael Domey, Counselor, MS, LCMHC
Michael Domey
Counselor, MS, LCMHC
Serves Area
It’s been a tough few years to say the least. You’re probably thinking things aren’t going as well in your teen's life as they used to. There is something going on in their mind, body, or spirit that is holding them back from the full potential you know they can reach. Like many others they’ve probably experienced something recently or in their life that still has power over their emotions to this day. You want to help them get back to thriving, but don’t know exactly where to start. Maybe traditional talk therapies have helped to an extent, but didn’t get them as far as you wanted to go.
It’s been a tough few years to say the least. You’re probably thinking things aren’t going as well in your teen's life as they used to. There is something going on in their mind, body, or spirit that is holding them back from the full potential you know they can reach. Like many others they’ve probably experienced something recently or in their life that still has power over their emotions to this day. You want to help them get back to thriving, but don’t know exactly where to start. Maybe traditional talk therapies have helped to an extent, but didn’t get them as far as you wanted to go.
(802) 348-2943 View (802) 348-2943
Photo of Nk Raven Bruce, Psychologist, PsyD
Nk Raven Bruce
Psychologist, PsyD
Serves Area
Our natural state is wellness. Yet many of us feel sick in our souls. Empty and discouraged, we seek creative bandaids to contain our despair : pursuits of money, relationships, sex, achievement, adventure, good works, productivity. Even health practices can become compulsive activities that fail to mend a persistent sense of inner broken-ness. Mindful Psychotherapy cultivates inherent wellness in the midst of life difficulty and opens the potential for real and lasting change. I am now honored to offer Mindfulness for couples as a certified Dialogue Therapist, a powerful time limited intervention : https://young-eisendrath.com/d
Our natural state is wellness. Yet many of us feel sick in our souls. Empty and discouraged, we seek creative bandaids to contain our despair : pursuits of money, relationships, sex, achievement, adventure, good works, productivity. Even health practices can become compulsive activities that fail to mend a persistent sense of inner broken-ness. Mindful Psychotherapy cultivates inherent wellness in the midst of life difficulty and opens the potential for real and lasting change. I am now honored to offer Mindfulness for couples as a certified Dialogue Therapist, a powerful time limited intervention : https://young-eisendrath.com/d
(802) 465-4174 View (802) 465-4174
Photo of Isabelle Meulnet
Isabelle Meulnet
Verified Verified
Serves Area
I am not your typical therapist; I blend psychotherapy with spirituality. I am passionate about the exploration and evolution of human consciousness. I believe that we are spiritual beings having a physical experience. My focus is on working with intentionality to facilitate the merging of consciousness and energy as a tool for healing, personal transformation, better quality of life and fulfilling relationships . I work with mature individuals who are asking " who am I really?"; are committed to meeting and transforming their shadow self, understand and uphold universal laws and long to liberate their spiritual Being .
I am not your typical therapist; I blend psychotherapy with spirituality. I am passionate about the exploration and evolution of human consciousness. I believe that we are spiritual beings having a physical experience. My focus is on working with intentionality to facilitate the merging of consciousness and energy as a tool for healing, personal transformation, better quality of life and fulfilling relationships . I work with mature individuals who are asking " who am I really?"; are committed to meeting and transforming their shadow self, understand and uphold universal laws and long to liberate their spiritual Being .
(802) 521-2670 View (802) 521-2670
Photo of Beth Kendrick, Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor, MA, ATR-BC, LCMHC
Beth Kendrick
Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor, MA, ATR-BC, LCMHC
1 Endorsed
Waitsfield, VT 05673
Waitlist for new clients
I provide psychotherapy that invites children, adolescents and adults who are struggling to creatively find their own path to well-being. By expressing and exploring their feelings and concerns, I support my clients to give color and form to their inner voice and to befriend and encourage their own potential. My clients can work to overcome anxiety, depression, stress, trauma, social concerns, grief and life transitions. Through the power of your inner knowing, I'll support you to find yourself and make the changes needed to feel better.
I provide psychotherapy that invites children, adolescents and adults who are struggling to creatively find their own path to well-being. By expressing and exploring their feelings and concerns, I support my clients to give color and form to their inner voice and to befriend and encourage their own potential. My clients can work to overcome anxiety, depression, stress, trauma, social concerns, grief and life transitions. Through the power of your inner knowing, I'll support you to find yourself and make the changes needed to feel better.
(802) 281-4561 View (802) 281-4561
Photo of Edward Spaulding, Drug & Alcohol Counselor, PhD
Edward Spaulding
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, PhD
Online Only
Waitlist for new clients
Clients typically come to me seeking support and therapy for chronic conditions that involve managing high stress, understanding the mental health impacts of ailments, and treatment for conditions that can be addressed with outpatient therapy.
Clients typically come to me seeking support and therapy for chronic conditions that involve managing high stress, understanding the mental health impacts of ailments, and treatment for conditions that can be addressed with outpatient therapy.
(802) 327-7867 View (802) 327-7867
Photo of Lynda Mischler, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW-C, LICSW
Lynda Mischler
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW-C, LICSW
Online Only
I strongly believe in the value of therapy and I feel privileged to be a part of the healing community. I strive to empower you to make healthy changes that will positively impact your life. I work with sensitivity and warmth to create an accepting environment where you can feel safe and free to explore your thoughts and feelings despite how difficult or painful they might be. At times, your life may seem out of balance, whether the issues pertain to home, work, or relationships. My goal is to help you find the peace and joy in life that you deserve. I specialize in the healing of trauma.
I strongly believe in the value of therapy and I feel privileged to be a part of the healing community. I strive to empower you to make healthy changes that will positively impact your life. I work with sensitivity and warmth to create an accepting environment where you can feel safe and free to explore your thoughts and feelings despite how difficult or painful they might be. At times, your life may seem out of balance, whether the issues pertain to home, work, or relationships. My goal is to help you find the peace and joy in life that you deserve. I specialize in the healing of trauma.
(301) 288-3769 View (301) 288-3769
Photo of Amber Banta, Counselor, MS, LCMHC
Amber Banta
Counselor, MS, LCMHC
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Not accepting new clients
I enjoy working with adult clients who are navigating live transitions and adjusting to new identities, whether in relationship to self, their support system and family, or their environment. I primarily work with clients between the ages of 18-35 including college students, individuals navigating life post-grad, and maternal mental health. I also provide therapeutic support for graduate students in the fields of counseling and social work who are looking to process their lived experience alongside their academics and future role as a helper.
I enjoy working with adult clients who are navigating live transitions and adjusting to new identities, whether in relationship to self, their support system and family, or their environment. I primarily work with clients between the ages of 18-35 including college students, individuals navigating life post-grad, and maternal mental health. I also provide therapeutic support for graduate students in the fields of counseling and social work who are looking to process their lived experience alongside their academics and future role as a helper.
(802) 278-9542 View (802) 278-9542

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Brooke W Lockwood-Cole - Brooke Lockwood-Cole, LCMHC, Counselor, LCMHC
Brooke Lockwood-Cole, LCMHC
Counselor, LCMHC
Burlington, VT 05401
I believe that each client is their own best expert, and has come to counseling because they have hit a log jam or bump in the road. Often times they have unresolved issues in their past that have been triggered by current issues that have the same theme. Also, some clients come to counseling due to current situations that are more short-term. My counseling style is very respectful, collaborative, going at a pace that meets the client's needs. Validation of the client's strengths, feelings and stressors is key to helping them transcend traumas and negative experience of the past and present.
I believe that each client is their own best expert, and has come to counseling because they have hit a log jam or bump in the road. Often times they have unresolved issues in their past that have been triggered by current issues that have the same theme. Also, some clients come to counseling due to current situations that are more short-term. My counseling style is very respectful, collaborative, going at a pace that meets the client's needs. Validation of the client's strengths, feelings and stressors is key to helping them transcend traumas and negative experience of the past and present.
(802) 865-3450 x511 View (802) 865-3450 x511
Photo of Molly Papp - Bella Vida Therapy with Molly Papp, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, CSAT, MS, MPH
Bella Vida Therapy with Molly Papp
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, CSAT, MS, MPH
2 Endorsed
Serves Area
You deserve to live 'la bella vida:' a beautiful life. But sometimes life doesn’t always feel beautiful. If it's hard to get close to people, you have been shockingly betrayed, or you feel you have an unhealthy relationship with sex, I can help you. You are not alone. I will be your advocate and guide. I currently can hold teletherapy sessions in California and Vermont. I'm sex positive, trauma-informed and try to offer a safe, supportive place for processing so my clients can move forward in their lives with grace and self-respect.
You deserve to live 'la bella vida:' a beautiful life. But sometimes life doesn’t always feel beautiful. If it's hard to get close to people, you have been shockingly betrayed, or you feel you have an unhealthy relationship with sex, I can help you. You are not alone. I will be your advocate and guide. I currently can hold teletherapy sessions in California and Vermont. I'm sex positive, trauma-informed and try to offer a safe, supportive place for processing so my clients can move forward in their lives with grace and self-respect.
(562) 379-6774 View (562) 379-6774
Photo of Hayden Elmendorf, Counselor, MS, LCMHC, PMH-C
Hayden Elmendorf
Counselor, MS, LCMHC, PMH-C
Montpelier, VT 05602
Greetings! My name is Hayden and I believe seeking therapy is a courageous step. My practice specializes in providing support to anyone along the perinatal spectrum. Whether you are entering parenthood or returning, adding to your village can be a challenging task. My aim is to make your perinatal journey one of empowerment and ease.
Greetings! My name is Hayden and I believe seeking therapy is a courageous step. My practice specializes in providing support to anyone along the perinatal spectrum. Whether you are entering parenthood or returning, adding to your village can be a challenging task. My aim is to make your perinatal journey one of empowerment and ease.
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Photo of Sage Narbonne, Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor, MS, LCMHC
Sage Narbonne
Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor, MS, LCMHC
4 Endorsed
Richmond, VT 05477
I offer nature-based therapy in Jericho, as well as, in-office sessions in Winooski and virtual sessions. Being outside together offers a powerful opportunity for regulating the nervous system and processing emotions. My goal is to help you feel deeply seen and understood as we work to unravel the strategies that you developed for protection and work to find new perspectives and more expansive ways of being. I will support you in identifying what is most important to you and aligning your experiences with these values.
I offer nature-based therapy in Jericho, as well as, in-office sessions in Winooski and virtual sessions. Being outside together offers a powerful opportunity for regulating the nervous system and processing emotions. My goal is to help you feel deeply seen and understood as we work to unravel the strategies that you developed for protection and work to find new perspectives and more expansive ways of being. I will support you in identifying what is most important to you and aligning your experiences with these values.
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Photo of Luke Smith, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Luke Smith
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Stowe, VT 05672
Different problems force us to take stock in who we are and how we are living. We struggle through anxiety, sadness, trauma, loneliness; some of us have used unhealthy coping mechanisms to get by. Eventually, we come to learn that asking for help is one of the most powerful actions we can take.
Different problems force us to take stock in who we are and how we are living. We struggle through anxiety, sadness, trauma, loneliness; some of us have used unhealthy coping mechanisms to get by. Eventually, we come to learn that asking for help is one of the most powerful actions we can take.
(802) 752-4904 View (802) 752-4904
Photo of Maureen Finnerty Turner - Motivation Hypnosis, Counselor, MEd, RNBC, LCMHC, LCSW
Motivation Hypnosis
Counselor, MEd, RNBC, LCMHC, LCSW
South Burlington, VT 05403
Hello - I am a counselor who is also a Board Certified Psychiatric Nurse with 40+ years of experience, including 20 years of practicing Clinical Hypnosis for a myriad of issues: anxiety, trauma, depression, and pain, to name but a few. I also train clinicians to utilize Clinical Hypnosis and am an Approved Consultant for the American Society of Clinical Hypnosis. I focus on finding and treating the cause of the symptoms and in this way, most symptoms are markedly reduced and, often gone altogether. As a client, you and I would team up together and work cooperatively as a team!
Hello - I am a counselor who is also a Board Certified Psychiatric Nurse with 40+ years of experience, including 20 years of practicing Clinical Hypnosis for a myriad of issues: anxiety, trauma, depression, and pain, to name but a few. I also train clinicians to utilize Clinical Hypnosis and am an Approved Consultant for the American Society of Clinical Hypnosis. I focus on finding and treating the cause of the symptoms and in this way, most symptoms are markedly reduced and, often gone altogether. As a client, you and I would team up together and work cooperatively as a team!
(802) 891-4348 View (802) 891-4348
Photo of Dr. Dianne Coffey, Registered Psychotherapist, MA, EdD
Dr. Dianne Coffey
Registered Psychotherapist, MA, EdD
Winooski, VT 05404
My work is based in Cognitive-Behavioral psychotherapy, with a wide variety of experiential techniques tailored to the needs of individual clients. I infuse this work with Mindfulness concepts and practices when appropriate to the client's needs. I enjoy my work tremendously, and have a very strong belief that anyone can learn to be comfortable in their own skin, and create a meaningful and fulfilling life for themselves.
My work is based in Cognitive-Behavioral psychotherapy, with a wide variety of experiential techniques tailored to the needs of individual clients. I infuse this work with Mindfulness concepts and practices when appropriate to the client's needs. I enjoy my work tremendously, and have a very strong belief that anyone can learn to be comfortable in their own skin, and create a meaningful and fulfilling life for themselves.
(802) 472-1255 View (802) 472-1255
Photo of Katie Hughes, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Katie Hughes
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
3 Endorsed
Burlington, VT 05401
I help clients explore the “parts” of themselves that carry anxiety, anger, grief, hypervigilance, self-doubt, or overwhelm. We work together to understand what these parts need rather than push them away. Because healing isn’t just talk, sessions can include grounding, movement, art, writing, breathwork, or other creative tools—whatever supports your body and nervous system. I’m grounded in a systems-focused, anti-oppressive lens, acknowledging how gender expectations, family patterns, trauma, capitalism, and identity shape your daily experience.
I help clients explore the “parts” of themselves that carry anxiety, anger, grief, hypervigilance, self-doubt, or overwhelm. We work together to understand what these parts need rather than push them away. Because healing isn’t just talk, sessions can include grounding, movement, art, writing, breathwork, or other creative tools—whatever supports your body and nervous system. I’m grounded in a systems-focused, anti-oppressive lens, acknowledging how gender expectations, family patterns, trauma, capitalism, and identity shape your daily experience.
(828) 786-8986 View (828) 786-8986
Photo of Audra Socinski, Counselor, LCMHC
Audra Socinski
Counselor, LCMHC
1 Endorsed
Charlotte, VT 05445
Hello and thank you for visiting my page! I specialize in working with teens, adults, and couples, all with Autism Spectrum Disorders. I feel fortunate to have found a niche as unique as this! I am committed to helping these individuals enhance their social and relational skills in order to better develop interpersonal relationships with others. Whether you are an individual or part of a couple, I treat all my clients in a non-judgmental and empathetic manner. Please note: I am currently not accepting new clients, but feel free to inquire about my waiting list.
Hello and thank you for visiting my page! I specialize in working with teens, adults, and couples, all with Autism Spectrum Disorders. I feel fortunate to have found a niche as unique as this! I am committed to helping these individuals enhance their social and relational skills in order to better develop interpersonal relationships with others. Whether you are an individual or part of a couple, I treat all my clients in a non-judgmental and empathetic manner. Please note: I am currently not accepting new clients, but feel free to inquire about my waiting list.
(802) 255-8527 View (802) 255-8527
Photo of Rebecca Gillespie, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Rebecca Gillespie
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Currently offering in person/virtual in New Jersey, as well as virtual sessions for residents of Florida & Vermont. . . My goal is to create a safe space where everyone can feel heard, validated, and seen for and appreciated for who they are. I have experience treating depression, anxiety, relationship problems, grief, and transitional issues. I love working with individuals who often feel misunderstood and need above all, to be taken seriously and understood at their word. It's only when you can feel really comfortable in your space that you can begin to reflect on what changes you are ready to make.
Currently offering in person/virtual in New Jersey, as well as virtual sessions for residents of Florida & Vermont. . . My goal is to create a safe space where everyone can feel heard, validated, and seen for and appreciated for who they are. I have experience treating depression, anxiety, relationship problems, grief, and transitional issues. I love working with individuals who often feel misunderstood and need above all, to be taken seriously and understood at their word. It's only when you can feel really comfortable in your space that you can begin to reflect on what changes you are ready to make.
(848) 222-3601 View (848) 222-3601
Photo of Tex Gibson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Tex Gibson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
2 Endorsed
Serves Area
Tired of censoring yourself in therapy? Has your experience of therapy been unable to support important aspects of your identity— like your sexuality, or values— in ways that affect your day-to-day life, relationships, ability to function, or your career? Do you feel exhausted by modern life’s expectations, or overwhelmed by what it means to create and live by your own? Do you wonder if your daily life could be better? Right now, people with marginalized identities are feeling anxious, overwhelmed, and uncertain about taking their place in the world, becoming confident individuals, and nurturing healthy relationships. It’s possible!
Tired of censoring yourself in therapy? Has your experience of therapy been unable to support important aspects of your identity— like your sexuality, or values— in ways that affect your day-to-day life, relationships, ability to function, or your career? Do you feel exhausted by modern life’s expectations, or overwhelmed by what it means to create and live by your own? Do you wonder if your daily life could be better? Right now, people with marginalized identities are feeling anxious, overwhelmed, and uncertain about taking their place in the world, becoming confident individuals, and nurturing healthy relationships. It’s possible!
(646) 846-4459 View (646) 846-4459

See more therapy options for 05673

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 05673

< 10

Therapists in 05673 who prioritize treating:

100% Anxiety
89% Depression
89% Trauma and PTSD
78% Relationship Issues
78% Self Esteem
67% ADHD
67% Stress

Average years in practice

18 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

100% BlueCross and BlueShield
100% Medicaid
33% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in 05673 see their clients

78% In Person and Online
22% Online Only

Gender breakdown

67% Female
33% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 05673?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.