Therapists in Portsmouth, NH

Photo of Seth Wizwer, Counselor in Portsmouth, NH
Seth Wizwer
Counselor, LCMHC, LCPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Portsmouth, NH 03801
I find that a client is best served when they are listened to, validated, but also challenged to make positive change. That is why I take a cognitive behavioral approach to the counseling I do. Whether the client is a child or adult we all have the ability to learn from the past and make different choices for the future.
I find that a client is best served when they are listened to, validated, but also challenged to make positive change. That is why I take a cognitive behavioral approach to the counseling I do. Whether the client is a child or adult we all have the ability to learn from the past and make different choices for the future.
(603) 244-3370 View (603) 244-3370
Photo of Catherine Forbes, Psychologist in Portsmouth, NH
Catherine Forbes
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Portsmouth, NH 03801
Waitlist for new clients
Stress, depression, anxiety, traumas, family issues, identity concerns - so many of us of all ages face these and many other challenges. Are you hoping to reduce your distress and increase your engagement in life and experience of joy? Would you like more satisfying, healthy relationships? Looking for support through your gender journey and access to needed affirming medical services? Your experiences are valid and you matter. Positive change is possible.
Stress, depression, anxiety, traumas, family issues, identity concerns - so many of us of all ages face these and many other challenges. Are you hoping to reduce your distress and increase your engagement in life and experience of joy? Would you like more satisfying, healthy relationships? Looking for support through your gender journey and access to needed affirming medical services? Your experiences are valid and you matter. Positive change is possible.
(833) 691-5541 View (833) 691-5541
Photo of William B Gunn, Psychologist in Portsmouth, NH
William B Gunn
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Portsmouth, NH 03801
I work with individuals and couples who are in distress and want to develop a "better self" in their work lives, their relationships, and in their view of themselves. I believe we all have the ability to heal ourselves from painful circumstances. As a therapist I work to co-create a safe environment and relationship in which clients can explore difficult topics and create meaningful change.
I work with individuals and couples who are in distress and want to develop a "better self" in their work lives, their relationships, and in their view of themselves. I believe we all have the ability to heal ourselves from painful circumstances. As a therapist I work to co-create a safe environment and relationship in which clients can explore difficult topics and create meaningful change.
(978) 712-9155 View (978) 712-9155
Photo of Jennifer L Gray, Psychologist in Portsmouth, NH
Jennifer L Gray
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Portsmouth, NH 03801
Welcome! I am a licensed clinical psychologist with 17+ years of experience providing assessment and therapy to adolescents, young adults, and families who are seeking to process and heal from a variety of issues including: depression, anxiety, anger, suicide/self-harm, trauma, impulsivity, gender identity issues, and problematic sexual behavior. Adolescence is a period of significant development that presents major social and emotional challenges. My goal is to provide a nurturing and accepting environment where clients can grow to appreciate the therapeutic process and learn new skills necessary to reach their identified goals.
Welcome! I am a licensed clinical psychologist with 17+ years of experience providing assessment and therapy to adolescents, young adults, and families who are seeking to process and heal from a variety of issues including: depression, anxiety, anger, suicide/self-harm, trauma, impulsivity, gender identity issues, and problematic sexual behavior. Adolescence is a period of significant development that presents major social and emotional challenges. My goal is to provide a nurturing and accepting environment where clients can grow to appreciate the therapeutic process and learn new skills necessary to reach their identified goals.
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Photo of Julia E Ovalle, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Portsmouth, NH
Julia E Ovalle
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Portsmouth, NH 03801  (Online Only)
My view of therapy is an opportunity to engage in a collaborative process by which the therapist and client work together towards enriching lifestyle, and enhancing overall well-being. Additional treatment modalities I draw from include cognitive-behavioral therapy techniques aimed to help reframe and replace negative thought patterns leading to healthier responses in challenging situations. Furthermore, I work from a strengths based perspective that amplifies each individual's unique qualities through the process of self-discovery, healing, acceptance and forgiveness of self and others.
My view of therapy is an opportunity to engage in a collaborative process by which the therapist and client work together towards enriching lifestyle, and enhancing overall well-being. Additional treatment modalities I draw from include cognitive-behavioral therapy techniques aimed to help reframe and replace negative thought patterns leading to healthier responses in challenging situations. Furthermore, I work from a strengths based perspective that amplifies each individual's unique qualities through the process of self-discovery, healing, acceptance and forgiveness of self and others.
(603) 732-9256 View (603) 732-9256
Photo of Meredith Orchard-Blowen, Counselor in Portsmouth, NH
Meredith Orchard-Blowen
Counselor, MS, LCMHC, MLADC, LLC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Portsmouth, NH 03801  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Not accepting new clients at this time. Welcome to my 100 % telehealth practice. I provide psychotherapy and substance use services to individuals, couples and families. I am committed to working with diverse individuals (LGBTQ+), ages 14 and older, tailoring varied therapeutic methods as needed to best support them in creating meaningful change in their lives. I also work with couples; providing space and support to deepen their connection, further their communication skills and enable them to move more successfully through conflict. Additionally, I provide court ordered substance use treatment and evaluations.
Not accepting new clients at this time. Welcome to my 100 % telehealth practice. I provide psychotherapy and substance use services to individuals, couples and families. I am committed to working with diverse individuals (LGBTQ+), ages 14 and older, tailoring varied therapeutic methods as needed to best support them in creating meaningful change in their lives. I also work with couples; providing space and support to deepen their connection, further their communication skills and enable them to move more successfully through conflict. Additionally, I provide court ordered substance use treatment and evaluations.
(603) 678-4304 View (603) 678-4304
Photo of Laurie A. Couture, Counselor in Portsmouth, NH
Laurie A. Couture
Counselor, MEd, LCMHC, LMHC
Verified Verified
Portsmouth, NH 03801
Welcome! I’m a Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor and EMDR clinician who specializes in treating childhood developmental trauma and attachment challenges in children and youths ages toddler to age 22 with their parents or guardians involved in the treatment. I provide both teletherapy and in-person therapy sessions for children, youths, and their parents, as well as parenting group workshops, parent and professional consulting, and trainings for professionals.
Welcome! I’m a Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor and EMDR clinician who specializes in treating childhood developmental trauma and attachment challenges in children and youths ages toddler to age 22 with their parents or guardians involved in the treatment. I provide both teletherapy and in-person therapy sessions for children, youths, and their parents, as well as parenting group workshops, parent and professional consulting, and trainings for professionals.
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Photo of Diane Koehler, Counselor in Portsmouth, NH
Diane Koehler
Counselor, MA, LCMHC, LMHC, LCPC
Verified Verified
Portsmouth, NH 03801  (Online Only)
Sometimes in life we question where we are going or cannot seem to find a path to get to where we want to be ~ to be happy with ourselves and at peace. The world today may be creating more stressors in our life than what we are use to causing a feeling of imbalance, depression or anxiety. My goal is to create a safe, respectful and caring atmosphere where one may explore and begin to understand one's thoughts, behaviors and feelings. Together with my clients, we explore their dreams, challenges and fears. Along this journey there can be self-discovery, problem solving and self love.
Sometimes in life we question where we are going or cannot seem to find a path to get to where we want to be ~ to be happy with ourselves and at peace. The world today may be creating more stressors in our life than what we are use to causing a feeling of imbalance, depression or anxiety. My goal is to create a safe, respectful and caring atmosphere where one may explore and begin to understand one's thoughts, behaviors and feelings. Together with my clients, we explore their dreams, challenges and fears. Along this journey there can be self-discovery, problem solving and self love.
(978) 961-9414 View (978) 961-9414
Photo of Tradeport Counseling and Mediation Associates, Counselor in Portsmouth, NH
Tradeport Counseling and Mediation Associates
Counselor, LCMHC, LICSW, LMFT
Verified Verified
Portsmouth, NH 03801
Currently accepting new clients. The professionals at TCMA are committed to supporting individuals and families through difficult and challenging life moments. Our treatment philosophy is that people should receive only the services most appropriate to their specific needs, personal orientation and presenting problems. We employ only those counseling approaches that adhere to the highest standards of our profession and believe the counseling process is successful only when the work is done between both the counselor and the client.
Currently accepting new clients. The professionals at TCMA are committed to supporting individuals and families through difficult and challenging life moments. Our treatment philosophy is that people should receive only the services most appropriate to their specific needs, personal orientation and presenting problems. We employ only those counseling approaches that adhere to the highest standards of our profession and believe the counseling process is successful only when the work is done between both the counselor and the client.
(603) 634-9823 View (603) 634-9823
Photo of Lesley White, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Portsmouth, NH
Lesley White
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Portsmouth, NH 03801
As a clinical social worker, my goal is to provide a safe and trusting environment where you feel understood. My approach to therapy is centered around identifying your needs, honoring your feelings, and building on your strengths. I currently offer individual therapy to adults treating depression, anxiety, adjustment to life changes, relationship issues, and women’s issues.
As a clinical social worker, my goal is to provide a safe and trusting environment where you feel understood. My approach to therapy is centered around identifying your needs, honoring your feelings, and building on your strengths. I currently offer individual therapy to adults treating depression, anxiety, adjustment to life changes, relationship issues, and women’s issues.
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Photo of Kim Cote, Pre-Licensed Professional in Portsmouth, NH
Kim Cote
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
Portsmouth, NH 03801
Accepting new In-person and Telehealth Clients at Mending Minds Counseling PLLC in Portsmouth, NH. I am a pre-licensed Clinical Mental Health therapist with several years of experience facilitating growth in adults, children and families seeking support for a variety of mental health issues. My experience is as follows but is not limited too; stress management, Anxiety, Depression, Mood Disorders, Eating Disorders, OCD and Behavioral Disorders. I can assist individuals in identifying their problem(s) and working towards solutions to help live a more fulfilling and manageable life.
Accepting new In-person and Telehealth Clients at Mending Minds Counseling PLLC in Portsmouth, NH. I am a pre-licensed Clinical Mental Health therapist with several years of experience facilitating growth in adults, children and families seeking support for a variety of mental health issues. My experience is as follows but is not limited too; stress management, Anxiety, Depression, Mood Disorders, Eating Disorders, OCD and Behavioral Disorders. I can assist individuals in identifying their problem(s) and working towards solutions to help live a more fulfilling and manageable life.
(833) 358-0469 View (833) 358-0469
Photo of Catherine Watters, Pre-Licensed Professional in Portsmouth, NH
Catherine Watters
Pre-Licensed Professional, MSW
Verified Verified
Portsmouth, NH 03801
Connection has been found to be the biggest determinant of social, emotional and physical health and well-being. I believe that we are experts of our own lived experiences and seek to connect with clients to help them identify the link between challenging experiences, thoughts, emotions, and behaviors and offer strategies to better cope with those situations. My training has centered on a strengths-based, empowering approach with the guiding principles of my practice being one of empathy, compassion, kindness, and respect.
Connection has been found to be the biggest determinant of social, emotional and physical health and well-being. I believe that we are experts of our own lived experiences and seek to connect with clients to help them identify the link between challenging experiences, thoughts, emotions, and behaviors and offer strategies to better cope with those situations. My training has centered on a strengths-based, empowering approach with the guiding principles of my practice being one of empathy, compassion, kindness, and respect.
(833) 987-6897 View (833) 987-6897
Photo of Amy Blackburn, Psychologist in Portsmouth, NH
Amy Blackburn
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Portsmouth, NH 03801
I am a licensed clinical psychologist in both NH and Mass. I have worked with children, adolescents, and families for more than 30 years in many different settings including public and independent schools, colleges, hospitals, and private and group practice. I have much experience working with adults, children, and adolescents in outpatient settings, and I understand schools and the myriad issues that can arise in schools. I am a thoughtful, warm professional with a good sense of humor. My approach is solution-focused and I integrate various treatment modalities, tailoring my approach to meet the individual needs of my clients.
I am a licensed clinical psychologist in both NH and Mass. I have worked with children, adolescents, and families for more than 30 years in many different settings including public and independent schools, colleges, hospitals, and private and group practice. I have much experience working with adults, children, and adolescents in outpatient settings, and I understand schools and the myriad issues that can arise in schools. I am a thoughtful, warm professional with a good sense of humor. My approach is solution-focused and I integrate various treatment modalities, tailoring my approach to meet the individual needs of my clients.
(857) 271-5231 View (857) 271-5231
Photo of Pat Coughlin in Portsmouth, NH
Pat Coughlin
MSW
Verified Verified
Portsmouth, NH 03801
My intention as a therapist is to provide a warm and emotionally safe space for you to explore and work through those issues that keep you from living the life you want. In my 36 years of working in the field of mental health as well as death and dying, I have developed a client centered holistic approach to healing. I work with grief, chronic illness, depression, pet loss, life transitions, aging, caregiving issues and personal growth. I have come to embrace the belief that humans are capable of great healing, and I feel honored to be a witness and facilitator to that process.
My intention as a therapist is to provide a warm and emotionally safe space for you to explore and work through those issues that keep you from living the life you want. In my 36 years of working in the field of mental health as well as death and dying, I have developed a client centered holistic approach to healing. I work with grief, chronic illness, depression, pet loss, life transitions, aging, caregiving issues and personal growth. I have come to embrace the belief that humans are capable of great healing, and I feel honored to be a witness and facilitator to that process.
(888) 505-4875 View (888) 505-4875
Photo of Laura M Connor, Psychologist in Portsmouth, NH
Laura M Connor
Psychologist, EdD, PCC
Verified Verified
Portsmouth, NH 03801
Hi and Welcome! Should you choose to work with me, therapy will provide you a place that is open, accepting, and caring, where you can share your concerns - at your pace. We will focus on your strengths, goals, and the things you hope to change. My style is collaborative and empowering; and with decades of experience I can incorporate a range of approaches and interventions, depending on what makes sense for you as an individual. At times I have a waiting-list that I actively manage. Openings come up, so feel free to leave a message and I'll reply promptly. Thank you!
Hi and Welcome! Should you choose to work with me, therapy will provide you a place that is open, accepting, and caring, where you can share your concerns - at your pace. We will focus on your strengths, goals, and the things you hope to change. My style is collaborative and empowering; and with decades of experience I can incorporate a range of approaches and interventions, depending on what makes sense for you as an individual. At times I have a waiting-list that I actively manage. Openings come up, so feel free to leave a message and I'll reply promptly. Thank you!
(603) 277-0277 View (603) 277-0277
Photo of Lisa Lawry, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Portsmouth, NH
Lisa Lawry
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Portsmouth, NH 03801
Lisa Lawry is a Licensed Independent Clinical Social Worker in New Hampshire who has been practicing since 2004. She graduated from The University of Southern Maine with a BA in Comparative Religion Studies and from the University of New England with a Masters in Social Work (MSW) and a graduate certificate in Addiction Studies. She has provided therapy in many settings including Community Mental Health, Crisis Services, Inpatient Mental Health, and outpatient practice. Lisa believes therapy should be a safe and supportive process inspiring and challenging you to be your true self.
Lisa Lawry is a Licensed Independent Clinical Social Worker in New Hampshire who has been practicing since 2004. She graduated from The University of Southern Maine with a BA in Comparative Religion Studies and from the University of New England with a Masters in Social Work (MSW) and a graduate certificate in Addiction Studies. She has provided therapy in many settings including Community Mental Health, Crisis Services, Inpatient Mental Health, and outpatient practice. Lisa believes therapy should be a safe and supportive process inspiring and challenging you to be your true self.
(888) 491-5017 View (888) 491-5017
Photo of Silver Linings Counseling LLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Portsmouth, NH
Silver Linings Counseling LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, MLADC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Portsmouth, NH 03801  (Online Only)
I personally want to welcome you in taking the first steps to bettering your life and well being! My goal in therapy is to help and assist being the best YOU—whatever that means. Therapy requires you to give and take, and the more you are open and honest about your strengths, as well as your struggles, the more meaningful the process will be. My goal is for you to not only feel a reduction of negative thoughts, feelings, and behaviors; but to also find the “silver linings”, the little moments of comfort and hope throughout your therapeutic experience!
I personally want to welcome you in taking the first steps to bettering your life and well being! My goal in therapy is to help and assist being the best YOU—whatever that means. Therapy requires you to give and take, and the more you are open and honest about your strengths, as well as your struggles, the more meaningful the process will be. My goal is for you to not only feel a reduction of negative thoughts, feelings, and behaviors; but to also find the “silver linings”, the little moments of comfort and hope throughout your therapeutic experience!
(603) 803-6187 View (603) 803-6187
Photo of Avantika K. Waleryszak, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Portsmouth, NH
Avantika K. Waleryszak
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Portsmouth, NH 03801
Not accepting new clients
You have the right to be seen and recognized in your grief and not judged. You deserve to have a safe space to share your innermost thoughts and feelings with a trusted partner. You are capable of deep healing, with the ability to live a life that is congruent with your integrity and values. You deserve a break, with time to breathe and deeply care for yourself. Your life, your thoughts and your feelings matter. Whatever challenges you are confronting right now, please know that there is a safe space to explore, learn and grow.
You have the right to be seen and recognized in your grief and not judged. You deserve to have a safe space to share your innermost thoughts and feelings with a trusted partner. You are capable of deep healing, with the ability to live a life that is congruent with your integrity and values. You deserve a break, with time to breathe and deeply care for yourself. Your life, your thoughts and your feelings matter. Whatever challenges you are confronting right now, please know that there is a safe space to explore, learn and grow.
(855) 622-5505 View (855) 622-5505
Photo of Charlene Curtis LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Portsmouth, NH
Charlene Curtis LICSW
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Portsmouth, NH 03801
I see clients of all ages with a variety of needs, my current practice is approximately 50/50 with adults and children who are struggling with anxiety, issues of adjustment, general emotional discomfort, and children with behavioral concerns. In my practice with children, I work closely with parents. I work to develop a comfortable rapport focusing on strengths and supports available to your child. I begin the process by meeting with both parents so that I may learn about your child through your eyes and better understand how the concerns are impacting your child.
I see clients of all ages with a variety of needs, my current practice is approximately 50/50 with adults and children who are struggling with anxiety, issues of adjustment, general emotional discomfort, and children with behavioral concerns. In my practice with children, I work closely with parents. I work to develop a comfortable rapport focusing on strengths and supports available to your child. I begin the process by meeting with both parents so that I may learn about your child through your eyes and better understand how the concerns are impacting your child.
(603) 801-8404 View (603) 801-8404
Photo of Kelsey Irving, Licensed Professional Counselor in Portsmouth, NH
Kelsey Irving
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MSEd
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Portsmouth, NH 03801
Are you sick of the constant chatter in your head? The what-ifs and worst case scenarios? With years of experience treating anxiety, I can help you disrupt those repetitive anxious thoughts. Whatever the nature of your intrusive thoughts, you will never be met with shock or judgment from me. I've worked with hundreds of clients just like you and helped them to feel liberated from fear and worry. I aim to help my clients shift from a pattern of fear-based decisions to values-based decisions. Starting therapy can be intimidating but if you wait until you "feel ready," it might never happen! Message me today!
Are you sick of the constant chatter in your head? The what-ifs and worst case scenarios? With years of experience treating anxiety, I can help you disrupt those repetitive anxious thoughts. Whatever the nature of your intrusive thoughts, you will never be met with shock or judgment from me. I've worked with hundreds of clients just like you and helped them to feel liberated from fear and worry. I aim to help my clients shift from a pattern of fear-based decisions to values-based decisions. Starting therapy can be intimidating but if you wait until you "feel ready," it might never happen! Message me today!
(603) 326-4334 View (603) 326-4334

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Portsmouth, NH

200+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Portsmouth, NH who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
85% Depression
79% Relationship Issues
76% Self Esteem
68% Coping Skills
64% Stress
62% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

15 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

64% BlueCross and BlueShield
59% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
58% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Portsmouth, NH see their clients

70% In Person and Online
30% Online Only

Gender breakdown

82% Female
17% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Portsmouth?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.