Photo of Robert A Graceffo, Psychologist in 02143, MA
Robert A Graceffo
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Somerville, MA 02143
For nine years I’ve been part of the Harvard Medical School system, first as a trainee, now as faculty member. I'm trained primarily in psychodynamic therapy, but principles/interventions from other paradigms also inform my work. Ultimately, the nature of therapy depends on the patient and their goals. For this reason, the course of therapy is hard to describe, but it seems only to work amidst empathy, respect, and compassion, not to mention humor (sometimes life can only be laughed at). This is a perspective I lay out in some detail in a new two-volume book, published by Routledge, titled, "A Humane Vision of Clinical Psychology."
For nine years I’ve been part of the Harvard Medical School system, first as a trainee, now as faculty member. I'm trained primarily in psychodynamic therapy, but principles/interventions from other paradigms also inform my work. Ultimately, the nature of therapy depends on the patient and their goals. For this reason, the course of therapy is hard to describe, but it seems only to work amidst empathy, respect, and compassion, not to mention humor (sometimes life can only be laughed at). This is a perspective I lay out in some detail in a new two-volume book, published by Routledge, titled, "A Humane Vision of Clinical Psychology."
(617) 996-7268 View (617) 996-7268
Photo of Miranda Collura, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in 02143, MA
Miranda Collura
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Somerville, MA 02143  (Online Only)
I provide an affirming & open space for LGBTQ+ adolescents and adults. You are the expert on your life, and I want to join with you.
I provide an affirming & open space for LGBTQ+ adolescents and adults. You are the expert on your life, and I want to join with you.
(339) 229-6612 View (339) 229-6612
Photo of Amy Book, Counselor in 02143, MA
Amy Book
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Somerville, MA 02143  (Online Only)
In my 13 years of practice, I have found that self-compassion, meaningful relationships, and finding purpose are fundamental to well-being. However, the journey toward these elements can be limited by depression, anxiety, trauma, and difficult life transitions. I firmly believe that within each individual lies innate wisdom, waiting to be uncovered and utilized. My approach provides a warm and authentic space for us to delve into your experiences, thoughts, and emotions, empowering you to chart your unique path forward.
In my 13 years of practice, I have found that self-compassion, meaningful relationships, and finding purpose are fundamental to well-being. However, the journey toward these elements can be limited by depression, anxiety, trauma, and difficult life transitions. I firmly believe that within each individual lies innate wisdom, waiting to be uncovered and utilized. My approach provides a warm and authentic space for us to delve into your experiences, thoughts, and emotions, empowering you to chart your unique path forward.
(781) 905-8481 View (781) 905-8481
Photo of Melissa Russo, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in 02143, MA
Melissa Russo
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Somerville, MA 02143  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
We all have our own unique stressors. Finding ways to connect, harness our creativity, or find resilience can be challenging during these times. I have over 15 years of experience collaborating with folks who are navigating anxiety, depression, loneliness, and grief. These factors often manifest as barriers to the relationships we want, to fulfilling work, and to reaching our goals and dreams. I use a down-to-earth, person-centered approach informed by extensive training in modalities that help to examine or shift behaviors and patterns. We are all human and can't do it alone, so please take the first step and reach out.
We all have our own unique stressors. Finding ways to connect, harness our creativity, or find resilience can be challenging during these times. I have over 15 years of experience collaborating with folks who are navigating anxiety, depression, loneliness, and grief. These factors often manifest as barriers to the relationships we want, to fulfilling work, and to reaching our goals and dreams. I use a down-to-earth, person-centered approach informed by extensive training in modalities that help to examine or shift behaviors and patterns. We are all human and can't do it alone, so please take the first step and reach out.
(617) 286-3974 View (617) 286-3974
Photo of Maryam Khodadoust, Psychologist in 02143, MA
Maryam Khodadoust
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Somerville, MA 02143  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
I am a culturally competent psychologist with experience working with people from diverse backgrounds and religious communities. I provide a safe environment for you to explore your issues and develop concrete steps and plans to address the challenges in your life. Through a structured, collaborative approach we will work together to identify the important areas of growth for you as an individual and develop a proactive personal plan of emotional renewal and personal achievement.
I am a culturally competent psychologist with experience working with people from diverse backgrounds and religious communities. I provide a safe environment for you to explore your issues and develop concrete steps and plans to address the challenges in your life. Through a structured, collaborative approach we will work together to identify the important areas of growth for you as an individual and develop a proactive personal plan of emotional renewal and personal achievement.
(617) 741-7287 View (617) 741-7287
Photo of Rachel Stouck, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in 02143, MA
Rachel Stouck
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Somerville, MA 02143  (Online Only)
I am a LICSW with experience working in a variety of treatment settings. I am passionate about helping adults (18+) improve their quality of life by learning how to achieve balance, navigate life stressors, and set boundaries. Majority of my work addresses symptoms related to anxiety, depression, burnout, body image, stress management, and self esteem. My therapeutic style is open, empathetic, and curious, with a dash of humor and attitude.
I am a LICSW with experience working in a variety of treatment settings. I am passionate about helping adults (18+) improve their quality of life by learning how to achieve balance, navigate life stressors, and set boundaries. Majority of my work addresses symptoms related to anxiety, depression, burnout, body image, stress management, and self esteem. My therapeutic style is open, empathetic, and curious, with a dash of humor and attitude.
(857) 575-3180 View (857) 575-3180
Photo of Helen Ni, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in 02143, MA
Helen Ni
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, MSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Somerville, MA 02143  (Online Only)
Although the road to wellness is not linear, there is hope, and change is possible. Depression and anxiety, worry, stress, and feeling overwhelmed- these are all familiar concerns and normal in the human experience. We've all experienced it. Sometimes they can be difficult to manage and that's when talk therapy can be incredibly useful. But most important: I'm glad you're here. Let's build a collaborative therapeutic relationship.
Although the road to wellness is not linear, there is hope, and change is possible. Depression and anxiety, worry, stress, and feeling overwhelmed- these are all familiar concerns and normal in the human experience. We've all experienced it. Sometimes they can be difficult to manage and that's when talk therapy can be incredibly useful. But most important: I'm glad you're here. Let's build a collaborative therapeutic relationship.
(617) 915-2389 View (617) 915-2389
Photo of Amos Worth, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in 02143, MA
Amos Worth
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Somerville, MA 02143
My clients come to me with a broad range of goals. Often they have concerns about relationships, meaning, or their place in the world, and these can be reflected in feelings of anxiety or sadness. Sometimes my clients come with a feeling that something in their life is not quite right, but lack clarity as to what that is, or what they really want.
My clients come to me with a broad range of goals. Often they have concerns about relationships, meaning, or their place in the world, and these can be reflected in feelings of anxiety or sadness. Sometimes my clients come with a feeling that something in their life is not quite right, but lack clarity as to what that is, or what they really want.
(339) 201-9686 View (339) 201-9686
Photo of Jenn Pontillo, Counselor in 02143, MA
Jenn Pontillo
Counselor, LMHC, LCMHC
Verified Verified
Somerville, MA 02143  (Online Only)
Hi! Morning appointments available via telehealth- private pay, & superbills. Licensed in MA/RI/VT. My practice includes adults, emerging adults, educators, and healthcare professionals. My clients typically identify feelings of anxiety, depression, and uncertainty during life transitions. They are motivated, insightful, and seeking ways to regulate and process emotions. I provide support and guidance so that you are empowered to live a full, joyful, and authentic life. I lead with compassion, empathy, humor, and care. Creating a safe, supportive, and non-judgmental space for clients to share their story is incredibly important.
Hi! Morning appointments available via telehealth- private pay, & superbills. Licensed in MA/RI/VT. My practice includes adults, emerging adults, educators, and healthcare professionals. My clients typically identify feelings of anxiety, depression, and uncertainty during life transitions. They are motivated, insightful, and seeking ways to regulate and process emotions. I provide support and guidance so that you are empowered to live a full, joyful, and authentic life. I lead with compassion, empathy, humor, and care. Creating a safe, supportive, and non-judgmental space for clients to share their story is incredibly important.
(781) 210-8151 View (781) 210-8151
Photo of Heena Manglani, Psychologist in 02143, MA
Heena Manglani
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Somerville, MA 02143  (Online Only)
If you have come to this page, chances are you want to change. You may be experiencing a major life change in your health, relationships, or work. This may be causing overwhelming anxiety, depression, and sleep problems. You may be struggling to figure out how to navigate this stressor effectively, and feeling confused or alone. Therapy can help you understand the challenges you face and help you create goals that align with your values. Working with a professional can help you learn and apply practical coping strategies to manage stress better and live according to what matters most to you. You are here to try something new.
If you have come to this page, chances are you want to change. You may be experiencing a major life change in your health, relationships, or work. This may be causing overwhelming anxiety, depression, and sleep problems. You may be struggling to figure out how to navigate this stressor effectively, and feeling confused or alone. Therapy can help you understand the challenges you face and help you create goals that align with your values. Working with a professional can help you learn and apply practical coping strategies to manage stress better and live according to what matters most to you. You are here to try something new.
(617) 213-1412 View (617) 213-1412
Photo of Sarah Keyes, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in 02143, MA
Sarah Keyes
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Somerville, MA 02143
Whether predicted or unexpected, change can be some of the most difficult territory to navigate alone. Getting to the other side of a life transition tends to include addressing fears, grieving losses, and exploring and integrating new identities. In my practice, I provide a caring, non-judgmental place for clients to understand themselves better, process difficult feelings, change painful habits, and build a more satisfying life. Together we will figure out what it is you need in order to regain your balance and sense of freedom.
Whether predicted or unexpected, change can be some of the most difficult territory to navigate alone. Getting to the other side of a life transition tends to include addressing fears, grieving losses, and exploring and integrating new identities. In my practice, I provide a caring, non-judgmental place for clients to understand themselves better, process difficult feelings, change painful habits, and build a more satisfying life. Together we will figure out what it is you need in order to regain your balance and sense of freedom.
(617) 765-4447 View (617) 765-4447
Photo of James Graceffo, Psychologist in 02143, MA
James Graceffo
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Somerville, MA 02143  (Online Only)
I have extensive experience working and training in University Counseling Centers (i.e., Penn State University Graduate Assistant, Pre-doctoral internship at Suffolk University, Post-doctoral Fellow at Tufts University followed by three years as a Staff Psychologist at Tufts). My clinical interests include college student mental health, in general; stress, anxiety, depression, trauma, interpersonal concerns, drug and alcohol use/misuse/abuse; Men’s issues; Childhood trauma; Working with students on the Autism Spectrum; Identity concerns; Relationship concerns; Issues of diversity and inclusion. Please see website for more info.
I have extensive experience working and training in University Counseling Centers (i.e., Penn State University Graduate Assistant, Pre-doctoral internship at Suffolk University, Post-doctoral Fellow at Tufts University followed by three years as a Staff Psychologist at Tufts). My clinical interests include college student mental health, in general; stress, anxiety, depression, trauma, interpersonal concerns, drug and alcohol use/misuse/abuse; Men’s issues; Childhood trauma; Working with students on the Autism Spectrum; Identity concerns; Relationship concerns; Issues of diversity and inclusion. Please see website for more info.
(315) 729-6215 View (315) 729-6215
Photo of Zoe Silver, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in 02143, MA
Zoe Silver
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Somerville, MA 02143
I believe in the power of talking and the therapeutic relationship to help my clients better understand their inner worlds and cope with the complicated realities of life. Together, we strive to draw meaningful connections that can ultimately lead to personal fulfillment and successful relationships. My work is informed by psychodynamic concepts — exploring how the unconscious and early experiences may impact one's emotions and relationship dynamics. I emphasize collaboration and open dialogue about our process together, and use a social justice lens to acknowledge the ways in which the socio-political context impacts experience.
I believe in the power of talking and the therapeutic relationship to help my clients better understand their inner worlds and cope with the complicated realities of life. Together, we strive to draw meaningful connections that can ultimately lead to personal fulfillment and successful relationships. My work is informed by psychodynamic concepts — exploring how the unconscious and early experiences may impact one's emotions and relationship dynamics. I emphasize collaboration and open dialogue about our process together, and use a social justice lens to acknowledge the ways in which the socio-political context impacts experience.
(781) 257-8175 View (781) 257-8175
Photo of Melissa Nilles, Counselor in 02143, MA
Melissa Nilles
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Somerville, MA 02143  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
I support men, women, and non-binary and transgender folx with ADHD, anxiety, PTSD, or a history of trauma on their journey to build a better relationship with themselves, learn helpful mental health survival skills, and unlock their true potential. I also help artists, musicians, writers, poets, philosophers, and all creative types who are building creative careers or juggling multiple careers to explore interests, hone their path, work with a complicated world, and get out of their own way to enjoy greater creative engagement and personal freedom. I help my clients break down barriers of shame & self-doubt and find their supports.
I support men, women, and non-binary and transgender folx with ADHD, anxiety, PTSD, or a history of trauma on their journey to build a better relationship with themselves, learn helpful mental health survival skills, and unlock their true potential. I also help artists, musicians, writers, poets, philosophers, and all creative types who are building creative careers or juggling multiple careers to explore interests, hone their path, work with a complicated world, and get out of their own way to enjoy greater creative engagement and personal freedom. I help my clients break down barriers of shame & self-doubt and find their supports.
(617) 644-4757 View (617) 644-4757
Photo of Jeffrey Siegel in 02143, MA
Jeffrey Siegel
EdM, MA, CPT, DEPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Somerville, MA 02143  (Online Only)
I work with men who are feeling "off their game" and want to fulfill their personal and professional potential. Stuck in unhealthy habits? Repeating self-destructive patterns? Are you undermining your health and happiness? I give you accountability and support to make a change in how you take care of yourself. Stop beating yourself up. Start getting control of what really matters.
I work with men who are feeling "off their game" and want to fulfill their personal and professional potential. Stuck in unhealthy habits? Repeating self-destructive patterns? Are you undermining your health and happiness? I give you accountability and support to make a change in how you take care of yourself. Stop beating yourself up. Start getting control of what really matters.
(215) 515-7206 View (215) 515-7206
Photo of Amy Corbett in 02143, MA
Amy Corbett
LMHC
Verified Verified
Somerville, MA 02143  (Online Only)
Reaching out for support can be difficult, but it can also be the first step on a journey of healing, discovery, wellness, and care for yourself. I’m glad you’re here! I have provided individual therapy to adults, young adults, adolescents, and new parents for over twenty years and enjoy supporting others in learning about themselves, developing adaptive ways to manage distress, and feeling more connected to their experiences. Humans have a natural capacity for healing and growth; and through our work together, I support participants in exploring “stuck” places and living a more authentic, integrated life.
Reaching out for support can be difficult, but it can also be the first step on a journey of healing, discovery, wellness, and care for yourself. I’m glad you’re here! I have provided individual therapy to adults, young adults, adolescents, and new parents for over twenty years and enjoy supporting others in learning about themselves, developing adaptive ways to manage distress, and feeling more connected to their experiences. Humans have a natural capacity for healing and growth; and through our work together, I support participants in exploring “stuck” places and living a more authentic, integrated life.
(617) 286-3689 View (617) 286-3689
Photo of Nancy Rosen, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in 02143, MA
Nancy Rosen
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Somerville, MA 02143  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Effective therapy creates meaningful, lasting, joyful change. As your therapist I can help you resolve the inner and outer conflicts that create pain and exhaustion. Life brings unchosen experiences. Sometimes we feel hurt, scared, or deeply alone. Sometimes what happens seems too big to manage. For 25+ years I have had the privilege of helping people learn to live as their "best self," able to manage their moods, thoughts and situations with compassion and skill, to make changes to reach their goals, and to find happiness. I have also had the honor of helping couples and families move from hurtful interactions to healthy loving relationships.
Effective therapy creates meaningful, lasting, joyful change. As your therapist I can help you resolve the inner and outer conflicts that create pain and exhaustion. Life brings unchosen experiences. Sometimes we feel hurt, scared, or deeply alone. Sometimes what happens seems too big to manage. For 25+ years I have had the privilege of helping people learn to live as their "best self," able to manage their moods, thoughts and situations with compassion and skill, to make changes to reach their goals, and to find happiness. I have also had the honor of helping couples and families move from hurtful interactions to healthy loving relationships.
(617) 606-4902 View (617) 606-4902
Photo of Daniel Bolton, Counselor in 02143, MA
Daniel Bolton
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Somerville, MA 02143
I have been a psychotherapist for 20 years. My practice specializes in helping men redefine their approach to relationships in a way that feels authentic, and in line with healthy male emotional development. I specialize in self-esteem, self-actualization, and helping men build and maintain attraction and intimacy. The foundation for male self-esteem begins in childhood and sets the foundation for men to share themselves in relationships, feel successful, and being a meaningful part of their children's lives. I also specialize in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in men and women, as well as recovery from abusive relationships.
I have been a psychotherapist for 20 years. My practice specializes in helping men redefine their approach to relationships in a way that feels authentic, and in line with healthy male emotional development. I specialize in self-esteem, self-actualization, and helping men build and maintain attraction and intimacy. The foundation for male self-esteem begins in childhood and sets the foundation for men to share themselves in relationships, feel successful, and being a meaningful part of their children's lives. I also specialize in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in men and women, as well as recovery from abusive relationships.
(617) 446-3111 View (617) 446-3111
Photo of Molly Donovan, Counselor in 02143, MA
Molly Donovan
Counselor
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Somerville, MA 02143
Do you feel sad, anxious, or stuck in a pattern of behavior that's not making you happy? Are you feeling overwhelmed by stress? Coming to therapy is a time for you to reflect upon yourself, the quality of your life and your relationships. I provide a supportive, safe, nonjudgmental space to share your feelings and address aspects of yourself and your life that you'd like to change or enhance.
Do you feel sad, anxious, or stuck in a pattern of behavior that's not making you happy? Are you feeling overwhelmed by stress? Coming to therapy is a time for you to reflect upon yourself, the quality of your life and your relationships. I provide a supportive, safe, nonjudgmental space to share your feelings and address aspects of yourself and your life that you'd like to change or enhance.
(781) 805-3410 View (781) 805-3410
Photo of Dr. Lauren Leone, Counselor in 02143, MA
Dr. Lauren Leone
Counselor, DAT, LMHC, ATR-BC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Somerville, MA 02143  (Online Only)
In my work as a mental health counselor and art therapist, I help adults who experience anxiety and depression; chronic stress, burnout, and imposter syndrome; LGBTQIA+ issues; dis/ability and chronic illness and the impact of medical conditions on mental health; and intersecting issues related to cultural and social identity. I also support people in exploring how their health is impacted by economic, political, cultural, and historical conditions. I bring a collaborative approach, rooted in liberation and creativity, to guide you in healing and making changes.
In my work as a mental health counselor and art therapist, I help adults who experience anxiety and depression; chronic stress, burnout, and imposter syndrome; LGBTQIA+ issues; dis/ability and chronic illness and the impact of medical conditions on mental health; and intersecting issues related to cultural and social identity. I also support people in exploring how their health is impacted by economic, political, cultural, and historical conditions. I bring a collaborative approach, rooted in liberation and creativity, to guide you in healing and making changes.
(617) 675-5658 View (617) 675-5658

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 02143

200+

Average cost per session

$175

Therapists in 02143 who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
90% Depression
79% Relationship Issues
78% Self Esteem
72% Trauma and PTSD
66% Coping Skills
64% Stress

Average years in practice

9 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

86% BlueCross and BlueShield
57% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
55% Aetna

How Therapists in 02143 see their clients

63% In Person and Online
37% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
19% Male
3% Non-Binary

FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 02143?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.