Therapists in Boston, MA

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Photo of Aprill Aronie, Counselor in Boston, MA
Aprill Aronie
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Boston, MA 02116
I am a licensed mental health counselor specializing in treating adults coping with anxiety, depression, stress, medical issues, mood disorders, and difficulties adjusting to life changes or high-pressure careers. I integrate various techniques and perspectives from cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), mindfulness-based therapies, relaxation training, motivational interviewing, and supportive therapy to create a tailored treatment for each individual. For more information, please visit my website at bostonhealthpsych.com.
I am a licensed mental health counselor specializing in treating adults coping with anxiety, depression, stress, medical issues, mood disorders, and difficulties adjusting to life changes or high-pressure careers. I integrate various techniques and perspectives from cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), mindfulness-based therapies, relaxation training, motivational interviewing, and supportive therapy to create a tailored treatment for each individual. For more information, please visit my website at bostonhealthpsych.com.
(857) 214-7924 View (857) 214-7924
Photo of Alison Todd, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Boston, MA
Alison Todd
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Boston, MA 02110  (Online Only)
I am an energetic and empathic Licensed Independent Social worker with over 30 years of experience. My areas of specialty include anxiety/stress, depression, executive function disorders, issues with relationships and peers, conflict resolution, trauma response and coping with medical concerns.
I am an energetic and empathic Licensed Independent Social worker with over 30 years of experience. My areas of specialty include anxiety/stress, depression, executive function disorders, issues with relationships and peers, conflict resolution, trauma response and coping with medical concerns.
(617) 657-2158 View (617) 657-2158
Photo of Jennifer Ragan, Psychologist in Boston, MA
Jennifer Ragan
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02110
I received training through Harvard University/Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) in the treatment of Depression, Generalized Anxiety Disorder, OCD, Body Dysmorphic Disorder, Hypochondriasis, Panic Disorder, Skin-picking, Hairpulling, Social Anxiety, and Phobias. I also specialize in treating ADHD/Executive Functioning issues that make it difficult for young adults to get through college. I use the most up-to-date, empirically-validated, hands-on treatments to help my patients achieve real results by reducing active symptoms and improving their quality of life.
I received training through Harvard University/Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) in the treatment of Depression, Generalized Anxiety Disorder, OCD, Body Dysmorphic Disorder, Hypochondriasis, Panic Disorder, Skin-picking, Hairpulling, Social Anxiety, and Phobias. I also specialize in treating ADHD/Executive Functioning issues that make it difficult for young adults to get through college. I use the most up-to-date, empirically-validated, hands-on treatments to help my patients achieve real results by reducing active symptoms and improving their quality of life.
(617) 607-4941 View (617) 607-4941
Photo of Elizabeth Schwamb, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Boston, MA
Elizabeth Schwamb
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02116  (Online Only)
Are you feeling overwhelmed with anxiety, depression, or struggling with addiction? You're not alone. In my practice, I specialize in providing integrative therapy that combines elements of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), solution-focused therapy, narrative therapy, and utilize a person-centered approach to meet your unique needs and goals. As a therapist, my priority is to create a safe and supportive space where you can explore your thoughts, feelings and experiences without judgment.
Are you feeling overwhelmed with anxiety, depression, or struggling with addiction? You're not alone. In my practice, I specialize in providing integrative therapy that combines elements of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), solution-focused therapy, narrative therapy, and utilize a person-centered approach to meet your unique needs and goals. As a therapist, my priority is to create a safe and supportive space where you can explore your thoughts, feelings and experiences without judgment.
(617) 819-0131 View (617) 819-0131
Photo of Sydney Griffin, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Boston, MA
Sydney Griffin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02199
Now Accepting New Clients! I am an Independently Licensed Clinical Social Worker in Massachusetts. I completed my Master’s degree in Social Work from Boston University as well as training in CBT with a Sports Social Work Certification from the University of Michigan. I completed clinical training at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Boston Medical Center.
Now Accepting New Clients! I am an Independently Licensed Clinical Social Worker in Massachusetts. I completed my Master’s degree in Social Work from Boston University as well as training in CBT with a Sports Social Work Certification from the University of Michigan. I completed clinical training at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Boston Medical Center.
(617) 981-6526 View (617) 981-6526
Photo of Catherine E Cooper, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Boston, MA
Catherine E Cooper
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Boston, MA 02199  (Online Only)
Life is hard, but it can be a little less hard when we prioritize ourselves and take care of our mental health. I would love the opportunity to support you in your journey. My practice is anchored in social justice, with the acknowledgement that societal conditions influence our experiences & feelings. Using a humanistic approach, I tailor the work to your goals & personality, but have been successful integrating CBT, Psychodynamic, Family Systems, Radical Acceptance, & mindfulness modalities. You are the expert in your own life; I am here to provide empathy & support as we untangle the issues that matter to you.
Life is hard, but it can be a little less hard when we prioritize ourselves and take care of our mental health. I would love the opportunity to support you in your journey. My practice is anchored in social justice, with the acknowledgement that societal conditions influence our experiences & feelings. Using a humanistic approach, I tailor the work to your goals & personality, but have been successful integrating CBT, Psychodynamic, Family Systems, Radical Acceptance, & mindfulness modalities. You are the expert in your own life; I am here to provide empathy & support as we untangle the issues that matter to you.
(617) 390-8131 View (617) 390-8131
Photo of Sinead McLaughlin, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Boston, MA
Sinead McLaughlin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02130  (Online Only)
Hello and welcome. For over 23 years I have had the honor of working with individuals from diverse backgrounds on issues that are impacting their lives. I approach treatment through a collaborative framework, recognizing that you are the expert of your life experience, and that my role is to accompany you through insightful exploration to help increase self awareness, reach your goals, and bring about lasting change. While I take my work seriously, I believe that incorporating humor and being authentic is integral to building a strong and trusting therapeutic relationship.
Hello and welcome. For over 23 years I have had the honor of working with individuals from diverse backgrounds on issues that are impacting their lives. I approach treatment through a collaborative framework, recognizing that you are the expert of your life experience, and that my role is to accompany you through insightful exploration to help increase self awareness, reach your goals, and bring about lasting change. While I take my work seriously, I believe that incorporating humor and being authentic is integral to building a strong and trusting therapeutic relationship.
(781) 559-7149 View (781) 559-7149
Photo of Jessi Naff, Counselor in Boston, MA
Jessi Naff
Counselor, LMHC , BC-DMT
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02210
I believe that your own creative process is the arena for greater self-awareness. I am transparent and authentic in my responses and find this to be the cornerstone of my practice. I currently provide individual and group therapy. My work is rooted in body centered psychotherapy, bridging support networks specifically between clients and families, building skills for greater coping and supporting individuals on their journey towards personal growth.
I believe that your own creative process is the arena for greater self-awareness. I am transparent and authentic in my responses and find this to be the cornerstone of my practice. I currently provide individual and group therapy. My work is rooted in body centered psychotherapy, bridging support networks specifically between clients and families, building skills for greater coping and supporting individuals on their journey towards personal growth.
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Photo of Boston Integrative Psychotherapy, LLC, Counselor in Boston, MA
Boston Integrative Psychotherapy, LLC
Counselor, MS, LMHC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Boston, MA 02115  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
I am currently accepting new patients for online video sessions ONLY. I provide services in English and Spanish. I welcome people of all sexual orientations, gender identities, races, religions, ethnicities, ages, and abilities. I provide OUT OF NETWORK services. I specialize in LGBTQAI+ issues/transgender care and new/first generation immigrants.
I am currently accepting new patients for online video sessions ONLY. I provide services in English and Spanish. I welcome people of all sexual orientations, gender identities, races, religions, ethnicities, ages, and abilities. I provide OUT OF NETWORK services. I specialize in LGBTQAI+ issues/transgender care and new/first generation immigrants.
(617) 393-5290 View (617) 393-5290
Photo of Cassandra Seery, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Boston, MA
Cassandra Seery
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02116  (Online Only)
Hi there! Are you seeking genuine, straightforward guidance and effective coping strategies enriched by personal experience and practical application? You’ve come to the right place! I specialize in EMDR (eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy). In addition to trauma, EMDR is effective in treatment of phobias, low self esteem, pain management, eating disorders, and performance anxiety. I love supporting my fellow ADHDers and those with chronic illness. Sessions are focused on reducing self-judgment and internalized stigma while finding ways for your environment to work for you.
Hi there! Are you seeking genuine, straightforward guidance and effective coping strategies enriched by personal experience and practical application? You’ve come to the right place! I specialize in EMDR (eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy). In addition to trauma, EMDR is effective in treatment of phobias, low self esteem, pain management, eating disorders, and performance anxiety. I love supporting my fellow ADHDers and those with chronic illness. Sessions are focused on reducing self-judgment and internalized stigma while finding ways for your environment to work for you.
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Photo of George Soto, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Boston, MA
George Soto
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PsyD, LICSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Boston, MA 02199  (Online Only)
The hardest step to take can be simply acknowledging when things have become a bit overwhelming or difficult to manage on your own. Many people benefit tremendously from psychotherapeutic treatment. If you or someone you know is having problems with depression, anxiety, self-esteem, interpersonal relationships, work-life balance, grief/loss of a loved one, religious or spiritual concerns, LGBTQIA+ community, BIPOC, feeling disconnected, & Life stressors. You may find therapy helpful. My goal is to form a collaborative relationship with you that focuses on your needs, and restores meaningfulness and purpose back into your life.
The hardest step to take can be simply acknowledging when things have become a bit overwhelming or difficult to manage on your own. Many people benefit tremendously from psychotherapeutic treatment. If you or someone you know is having problems with depression, anxiety, self-esteem, interpersonal relationships, work-life balance, grief/loss of a loved one, religious or spiritual concerns, LGBTQIA+ community, BIPOC, feeling disconnected, & Life stressors. You may find therapy helpful. My goal is to form a collaborative relationship with you that focuses on your needs, and restores meaningfulness and purpose back into your life.
(617) 249-3668 View (617) 249-3668
Photo of Jessica Rubin, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Boston, MA
Jessica Rubin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, LMSW
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02110  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
It’s a big step to make the decision to begin therapy. I believe finding the right match to build a comfortable, trusting relationship between you and your clinician is one of the most important parts of finding success in therapy. I aim to create a safe environment to support you and to help you explore and work through the challenges you identify. Combining the knowledge you bring about yourself with the skills that I have learned and developed as a clinician, we will work together to help you achieve your therapeutic goals.
It’s a big step to make the decision to begin therapy. I believe finding the right match to build a comfortable, trusting relationship between you and your clinician is one of the most important parts of finding success in therapy. I aim to create a safe environment to support you and to help you explore and work through the challenges you identify. Combining the knowledge you bring about yourself with the skills that I have learned and developed as a clinician, we will work together to help you achieve your therapeutic goals.
(857) 226-9590 View (857) 226-9590
Photo of Dr. Peter Ward, Psychologist in Boston, MA
Dr. Peter Ward
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Boston, MA 02114  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
I want to help anyone looking to feel better. I enjoy helping others find relief from anxiety, depression, addiction, trauma and other symptoms or mental health conditions. I help clients find and address what is preventing their ability to function, grow, thrive, or just relax! I also enjoy helping people discover more about themselves and reconnect with their sense of meaning or purpose in life. Therapy takes effort and commitment and, in exchange, provides freedom from suffering. I would love to help you discover the gift I believe therapy can give to you.
I want to help anyone looking to feel better. I enjoy helping others find relief from anxiety, depression, addiction, trauma and other symptoms or mental health conditions. I help clients find and address what is preventing their ability to function, grow, thrive, or just relax! I also enjoy helping people discover more about themselves and reconnect with their sense of meaning or purpose in life. Therapy takes effort and commitment and, in exchange, provides freedom from suffering. I would love to help you discover the gift I believe therapy can give to you.
(617) 440-9702 View (617) 440-9702
Photo of Anthony Andreottola, Counselor in Boston, MA
Anthony Andreottola
Counselor, LMHC, LADC 1
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Boston, MA 02110
I am currently accepting clients 18+ who are struggling with ongoing substance use, or individuals who are currently in recovery and would like support navigating life stressors. I am both an LMHC and LDAC1 with over 30 years of clinical experience. In my practice, I use a client centered approach combined with motivational interviewing to help adults who are seeking to change behaviors which are having a negative impact on their lives.
I am currently accepting clients 18+ who are struggling with ongoing substance use, or individuals who are currently in recovery and would like support navigating life stressors. I am both an LMHC and LDAC1 with over 30 years of clinical experience. In my practice, I use a client centered approach combined with motivational interviewing to help adults who are seeking to change behaviors which are having a negative impact on their lives.
(617) 744-4614 View (617) 744-4614
Photo of Livia Ataide, Counselor in Boston, MA
Livia Ataide
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02114  (Online Only)
Livia Ataide is a Licensed Mental Health Counselor in Massachusetts, offering Cognitive Behavioral and Solution Focused therapies. Are you feeling anxious, depressed or stuck? I work with adults who want to learn how to better cope with their anxiety, depression, general life or relationship stress. My therapeutic approach focuses on your strengths, needs, and goals, and is grounded in evidence based treatment approaches. Through working together, you can expect to feel heard and supported while we strategize solutions and develop enhanced coping skills to deal with life's stressors.
Livia Ataide is a Licensed Mental Health Counselor in Massachusetts, offering Cognitive Behavioral and Solution Focused therapies. Are you feeling anxious, depressed or stuck? I work with adults who want to learn how to better cope with their anxiety, depression, general life or relationship stress. My therapeutic approach focuses on your strengths, needs, and goals, and is grounded in evidence based treatment approaches. Through working together, you can expect to feel heard and supported while we strategize solutions and develop enhanced coping skills to deal with life's stressors.
(617) 271-2588 View (617) 271-2588
Photo of Sophia Sgarlat, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Boston, MA
Sophia Sgarlat
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02114
Do you think you may have ADHD or Autism? Have you struggled to assert boundaries at work, with family, & partners? Have you felt curious about exploring different pronouns and gender identity? Do you feel bad that you have a disability and don't know how to tell your friends that you can't do certain activities? You may have goals to tell your friends your preferred pronouns. Goals to get a diagnosis for your disability & curious about medication, goals to reevaluate your relationship with cannabis/alcohol. You may feel shame & anger about your childhood & the way your parents handled your behavior.
Do you think you may have ADHD or Autism? Have you struggled to assert boundaries at work, with family, & partners? Have you felt curious about exploring different pronouns and gender identity? Do you feel bad that you have a disability and don't know how to tell your friends that you can't do certain activities? You may have goals to tell your friends your preferred pronouns. Goals to get a diagnosis for your disability & curious about medication, goals to reevaluate your relationship with cannabis/alcohol. You may feel shame & anger about your childhood & the way your parents handled your behavior.
(617) 958-6340 View (617) 958-6340
Photo of Alisha Powell, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Boston, MA
Alisha Powell
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Boston, MA 02114  (Online Only)
I'm currently accepting new Couples Counseling/Coaching clients. My practice is virtual and is open to residents of Maryland, Washington D.C., Minnesota, Massachusetts, Georgia, Colorado, Texas, and Virginia. However, as a couples coach I work with clients in all 50 states. Working virtually gives you the opportunity to be comfortable in your own space while we talk about what’s on your heart and mind. I believe that therapy can be life changing. While it’s not a cure all, or a quick fix, it’s a way to deal with and process the stresses of daily life. I don’t have an agenda and I will meet you where you are.
I'm currently accepting new Couples Counseling/Coaching clients. My practice is virtual and is open to residents of Maryland, Washington D.C., Minnesota, Massachusetts, Georgia, Colorado, Texas, and Virginia. However, as a couples coach I work with clients in all 50 states. Working virtually gives you the opportunity to be comfortable in your own space while we talk about what’s on your heart and mind. I believe that therapy can be life changing. While it’s not a cure all, or a quick fix, it’s a way to deal with and process the stresses of daily life. I don’t have an agenda and I will meet you where you are.
(781) 527-4249 View (781) 527-4249
Photo of New Lunar Therapy, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Boston, MA
New Lunar Therapy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02136  (Online Only)
Openings soon! Scheduling consults now! My mission is to cultivate an environment that nurtures your personal growth and success. If you're grappling with feelings of depression and uncertainty, struggling with anxiety, self-confidence issues, or the pervasive influence of fear on your choices, I'm here to guide you. Perhaps you're seeking improvements in your relationships, friendships, or career, but find it challenging to take that initial step. I'm here to support your journey. Whether you're yearning for a new and improved version of yourself or just need a little guidance, I'm here to assist you every step of the way.
Openings soon! Scheduling consults now! My mission is to cultivate an environment that nurtures your personal growth and success. If you're grappling with feelings of depression and uncertainty, struggling with anxiety, self-confidence issues, or the pervasive influence of fear on your choices, I'm here to guide you. Perhaps you're seeking improvements in your relationships, friendships, or career, but find it challenging to take that initial step. I'm here to support your journey. Whether you're yearning for a new and improved version of yourself or just need a little guidance, I'm here to assist you every step of the way.
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Photo of Christine Hardway, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Boston, MA
Christine Hardway
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Boston, MA 02128  (Online Only)
Are you struggling to overcome challenges and feeling overwhelmed? As a seasoned professional with 20+ years of experience, I offer expert support and guidance to help you find practical solutions to your problems. Clients of diverse backgrounds and orientations are welcome. Evening appointments are available for your convenience if needed. Reach out to me today for timely, personalized, and compassionate assistance. Let me work with you to create a brighter tomorrow. Feel free to reach out today to schedule. I am happy to hear from you.
Are you struggling to overcome challenges and feeling overwhelmed? As a seasoned professional with 20+ years of experience, I offer expert support and guidance to help you find practical solutions to your problems. Clients of diverse backgrounds and orientations are welcome. Evening appointments are available for your convenience if needed. Reach out to me today for timely, personalized, and compassionate assistance. Let me work with you to create a brighter tomorrow. Feel free to reach out today to schedule. I am happy to hear from you.
(508) 938-8734 View (508) 938-8734
Photo of Alex Hartnett, Pre-Licensed Professional in Boston, MA
Alex Hartnett
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02114
Alex Hartnett (They/Them) is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker who completed their Master of Social Work (MSW) at Boston College. They have experience working in many settings and are passionate about empowering clients to build the lives they want to live. Alex has worked with many different needs and specializes in anxiety, coping skills, life transition, self-esteem, stress, and career issues and teaches clients mindfulness, self-compassion, to explore emotions, and to build insight.
Alex Hartnett (They/Them) is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker who completed their Master of Social Work (MSW) at Boston College. They have experience working in many settings and are passionate about empowering clients to build the lives they want to live. Alex has worked with many different needs and specializes in anxiety, coping skills, life transition, self-esteem, stress, and career issues and teaches clients mindfulness, self-compassion, to explore emotions, and to build insight.
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Boston, MA

3,000+

Average cost per session

$160

Therapists in Boston, MA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
86% Depression
76% Relationship Issues
74% Self Esteem
70% Stress
68% Trauma and PTSD
68% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

78% BlueCross and BlueShield
61% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
58% Aetna

How Therapists in Boston, MA see their clients

60% Online Only
40% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

79% Female
19% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Boston?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.