Therapists in Cambridge, MA

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Photo of Lindsay Scola, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Cambridge, MA
Lindsay Scola
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, LADC-I
Verified Verified
Cambridge, MA 02141  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Acknowledging that we cannot face life’s challenges alone and making the decision to ask for help is one of the most scary and courageous actions a person can take. I work from the perspective that all behaviors, thoughts, and feelings make sense within the context of our lives. At times though, things that once helped us cope with our circumstances no longer serve their purpose, but the thought of letting go or healing can feel overwhelming. My goal is to help clients gain better insight into their experiences while empowering a greater capacity for self-compassion and change.
Acknowledging that we cannot face life’s challenges alone and making the decision to ask for help is one of the most scary and courageous actions a person can take. I work from the perspective that all behaviors, thoughts, and feelings make sense within the context of our lives. At times though, things that once helped us cope with our circumstances no longer serve their purpose, but the thought of letting go or healing can feel overwhelming. My goal is to help clients gain better insight into their experiences while empowering a greater capacity for self-compassion and change.
(617) 657-2249 View (617) 657-2249
Photo of Christine Guerrier Joseph, Counselor in Cambridge, MA
Christine Guerrier Joseph
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Cambridge, MA 02138  (Online Only)
Expressing one's self and naming emotions can be exhausting. Specifically men would tell me "no one ever taught or allowed me to express myself from when I was a kid". Not being able to communicate and express yourself will eventually stunt growth in relationships and in personal development. However, the arts add a variety and texture to the verbal that can be described, shaped and...transformed. This allows us to return back to the first ways we communicated in our early years which turns into a freeing experience. You begin to engage differently with yourself, others and start to have a clear plan for your wellbeing.
Expressing one's self and naming emotions can be exhausting. Specifically men would tell me "no one ever taught or allowed me to express myself from when I was a kid". Not being able to communicate and express yourself will eventually stunt growth in relationships and in personal development. However, the arts add a variety and texture to the verbal that can be described, shaped and...transformed. This allows us to return back to the first ways we communicated in our early years which turns into a freeing experience. You begin to engage differently with yourself, others and start to have a clear plan for your wellbeing.
(561) 559-4729 View (561) 559-4729
Photo of Veronica van Essche, Marriage & Family Therapist in Cambridge, MA
Veronica van Essche
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MA
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Cambridge, MA 02139
Not accepting new clients
Not accepting new clients) Are you, your partner, or your teen skeptical about therapy services? Are you longing for change, but feel hesitant about opening up to a stranger? Do you have heavy, personal trauma and feel like no one could possibly understand? If you answered yes to any of these questions, then I am the therapist for you. I am here to provide a refreshing, non judgmental space to bring partners, friends, or support into sessions. Therapy doesn't have to be intimidating or labeling, it is a place to process, feel supported, and grow.
Not accepting new clients) Are you, your partner, or your teen skeptical about therapy services? Are you longing for change, but feel hesitant about opening up to a stranger? Do you have heavy, personal trauma and feel like no one could possibly understand? If you answered yes to any of these questions, then I am the therapist for you. I am here to provide a refreshing, non judgmental space to bring partners, friends, or support into sessions. Therapy doesn't have to be intimidating or labeling, it is a place to process, feel supported, and grow.
(253) 201-4005 View (253) 201-4005
Photo of Sheila Anne Jewett, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Cambridge, MA
Sheila Anne Jewett
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Cambridge, MA 02139
Welcome to my profile! Thank you for taking the time to explore the possibilities that are there for you in your journey towards understanding who you are and where would you like to be. My ideal client is someone who is courageous enough to be curious about themselves and would be open to therapeutic interventions such as EMDR and Clinical Hypnosis. I have a particular interest in treating trauma, life transitions, grief and loss, and anxiety (which includes general anxiety , performance anxiety, phobias and panic attacks).
Welcome to my profile! Thank you for taking the time to explore the possibilities that are there for you in your journey towards understanding who you are and where would you like to be. My ideal client is someone who is courageous enough to be curious about themselves and would be open to therapeutic interventions such as EMDR and Clinical Hypnosis. I have a particular interest in treating trauma, life transitions, grief and loss, and anxiety (which includes general anxiety , performance anxiety, phobias and panic attacks).
(617) 272-7539 View (617) 272-7539
Photo of Julia Barry, Marriage & Family Therapist in Cambridge, MA
Julia Barry
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT, SEP
Verified Verified
Cambridge, MA 02139
Not accepting new clients
I am a licensed Marriage and Family Therapist and certified Somatic Experiencing Practitioner® who provides psychotherapy to adult individuals, couples, families and mother/infant pairs. I utilize psychodynamic, cognitive behavioral, EMDR, Somatic Experiencing® and mindfulness techniques. I specialize in the treatment of single event trauma, complex trauma, dissociative disorders, anxiety, depression, mother/infant bonding, relationship issues, sex and sexuality, and personal growth.
I am a licensed Marriage and Family Therapist and certified Somatic Experiencing Practitioner® who provides psychotherapy to adult individuals, couples, families and mother/infant pairs. I utilize psychodynamic, cognitive behavioral, EMDR, Somatic Experiencing® and mindfulness techniques. I specialize in the treatment of single event trauma, complex trauma, dissociative disorders, anxiety, depression, mother/infant bonding, relationship issues, sex and sexuality, and personal growth.
(310) 598-7546 View (310) 598-7546
Photo of Barbara R Lewis, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Cambridge, MA
Barbara R Lewis
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, MFA, LICSW
Verified Verified
Cambridge, MA 02138
Not accepting new clients
It takes courage, curiosity, and commitment to engage in therapy. In my practice, I provide a safe, empathic space for people who are open to self-discovery, and motivated to make changes that can increase their sense of well-being and vitality. I work with adults (23 and older) who struggle with anxiety, depression, perinatal mood disorders, relationship issues, low self-esteem, career/academic stress, parenting support, and challenging life transitions. I also work with couples to improve, heal, or redefine their relationships.
It takes courage, curiosity, and commitment to engage in therapy. In my practice, I provide a safe, empathic space for people who are open to self-discovery, and motivated to make changes that can increase their sense of well-being and vitality. I work with adults (23 and older) who struggle with anxiety, depression, perinatal mood disorders, relationship issues, low self-esteem, career/academic stress, parenting support, and challenging life transitions. I also work with couples to improve, heal, or redefine their relationships.
(339) 674-6976 View (339) 674-6976
Photo of Judenie Dabel, Pre-Licensed Professional in Cambridge, MA
Judenie Dabel
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
Cambridge, MA 02141
Judenie Dabel is a recent graduate student seeking her LMHC with unique experience and background. She is a Haitian-American born and raised in Boston, Massachusetts. Her clinical training started on a Domestic Violence team for an outpatient non-profit. She continued her training at a Black and woman-founded telehealth counseling clinic. She has worked with clients from ages 4 to 40. Judenie enjoys working with teens, young adults, and adults. She specializes in working with clients experiencing anxiety, depression, stress, and other related challenges.
Judenie Dabel is a recent graduate student seeking her LMHC with unique experience and background. She is a Haitian-American born and raised in Boston, Massachusetts. Her clinical training started on a Domestic Violence team for an outpatient non-profit. She continued her training at a Black and woman-founded telehealth counseling clinic. She has worked with clients from ages 4 to 40. Judenie enjoys working with teens, young adults, and adults. She specializes in working with clients experiencing anxiety, depression, stress, and other related challenges.
(617) 855-6584 View (617) 855-6584
Photo of Megan Fifer, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Cambridge, MA
Megan Fifer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Cambridge, MA 02138
Megan Fifer is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in Massachusetts who has been practicing since 2021. She graduated from Columbia University School of Social Work where she studied international social welfare and policy as well as clinical social work. Megan is a dedicated and compassionate therapist. Her mission is to empower individuals to utilize therapy as an effective tool to build the life by which they feel most fulfilled. Megan firmly believes that seeking therapy is an act of courage and affirms her clients for taking that first step towards their personal growth and well-being.
Megan Fifer is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in Massachusetts who has been practicing since 2021. She graduated from Columbia University School of Social Work where she studied international social welfare and policy as well as clinical social work. Megan is a dedicated and compassionate therapist. Her mission is to empower individuals to utilize therapy as an effective tool to build the life by which they feel most fulfilled. Megan firmly believes that seeking therapy is an act of courage and affirms her clients for taking that first step towards their personal growth and well-being.
(617) 404-2493 View (617) 404-2493
Photo of Marjan Taleshian, Mental Health Counselor in Cambridge, MA
Marjan Taleshian
Mental Health Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Cambridge, MA 02139  (Online Only)
I provide individual psychotherapy and have experience working with people who struggle with a variety of life challenges and emotional concerns including relationship issues, work and academic struggles, family difficulties, codependence, depression, anxiety, and mood disorders. My practice welcomes adults with all gender identities and diverse backgrounds. I specialize primarily in psychodynamic and psychoanalytically-oriented therapy and integrate different treatment approaches, when appropriate, to address the unique needs and concerns of each person.
I provide individual psychotherapy and have experience working with people who struggle with a variety of life challenges and emotional concerns including relationship issues, work and academic struggles, family difficulties, codependence, depression, anxiety, and mood disorders. My practice welcomes adults with all gender identities and diverse backgrounds. I specialize primarily in psychodynamic and psychoanalytically-oriented therapy and integrate different treatment approaches, when appropriate, to address the unique needs and concerns of each person.
(617) 431-2216 View (617) 431-2216
Photo of Elizabeth Miraglia, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Cambridge, MA
Elizabeth Miraglia
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Cambridge, MA 02138
As a therapist, I believe our past experiences inform our present: they shape who we are, how we act, what we value, and how we relate to others. However, I also believe they do not determine our future. This idea serves as the foundation of our work together. My approach involves helping you identify your values, utilize the strengths you already possess, and develop your vision for a life worth living. I assist in examining how our interpersonal relationships can establish and reinforce maladaptive coping, and work with you to replace what no longer serves you with a fresh perspective and new skills.
As a therapist, I believe our past experiences inform our present: they shape who we are, how we act, what we value, and how we relate to others. However, I also believe they do not determine our future. This idea serves as the foundation of our work together. My approach involves helping you identify your values, utilize the strengths you already possess, and develop your vision for a life worth living. I assist in examining how our interpersonal relationships can establish and reinforce maladaptive coping, and work with you to replace what no longer serves you with a fresh perspective and new skills.
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Photo of Cassondra Macaione, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Cambridge, MA
Cassondra Macaione
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Cambridge, MA 02139  (Online Only)
Cassondra Macaione is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker who specializes in the treatment of anxiety disorders, depression, substance abuse, eating disorders, and trauma. Cassondra works with adolescents and adults ranging from 16 to 65 – including families and couples – who are coping with major life transitions, relationship challenges, depression, and anxiety. She has worked with clients coping with complex trauma and assures her clients are equipped with exceptional tools to live a full and happy life.
Cassondra Macaione is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker who specializes in the treatment of anxiety disorders, depression, substance abuse, eating disorders, and trauma. Cassondra works with adolescents and adults ranging from 16 to 65 – including families and couples – who are coping with major life transitions, relationship challenges, depression, and anxiety. She has worked with clients coping with complex trauma and assures her clients are equipped with exceptional tools to live a full and happy life.
(617) 752-8394 View (617) 752-8394
Photo of Gail Ranere Nunes, Licensed Professional Counselor in Cambridge, MA
Gail Ranere Nunes
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, EdM, LMHC
Verified Verified
Cambridge, MA 02138
I work at New England Center for OCD and anxiety (NECOA) where I see children, adolescents, and adults. I also lead a Supportive Parenting for Anxious Childhood Emotions (SPACE) group and soon a mindfulness group as well. My experience includes working with trauma, ADHD, anxiety, OCD, and depression. Having spent three decades in urban public schools with children and families and returning after the pandemic, I am acutely aware of how COVID has impacted the emotional wellbeing of so many. Please join me in practicing the strategies that will support you to regroup as you remember your inner strength.
I work at New England Center for OCD and anxiety (NECOA) where I see children, adolescents, and adults. I also lead a Supportive Parenting for Anxious Childhood Emotions (SPACE) group and soon a mindfulness group as well. My experience includes working with trauma, ADHD, anxiety, OCD, and depression. Having spent three decades in urban public schools with children and families and returning after the pandemic, I am acutely aware of how COVID has impacted the emotional wellbeing of so many. Please join me in practicing the strategies that will support you to regroup as you remember your inner strength.
(857) 392-6401 View (857) 392-6401
Photo of Theresa Thompson, Pre-Licensed Professional in Cambridge, MA
Theresa Thompson
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Not Verified Not Verified
Cambridge, MA 02139
I believe whole-heartedly in each person's capacity to heal, and I work collaboratively with my clients. My work connects people with their strengths, their creativity and with their internal healing systems so that they can make the kinds of changes they want to make. My clients utilize the insights they discover and the tools they learn in our sessions to create more peace and joy in their lives.
I believe whole-heartedly in each person's capacity to heal, and I work collaboratively with my clients. My work connects people with their strengths, their creativity and with their internal healing systems so that they can make the kinds of changes they want to make. My clients utilize the insights they discover and the tools they learn in our sessions to create more peace and joy in their lives.
(617) 294-5821 View (617) 294-5821
Photo of Mandy Read, Counselor in Cambridge, MA
Mandy Read
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Cambridge, MA 02139
Waitlist for new clients
I am able to create a warm, comfortable space through active listening along with genuine curiosity to establish a feeling of ease within the therapeutic relationship. I aim to create a collaborative environment in which you are the expert of your own experiences.
I am able to create a warm, comfortable space through active listening along with genuine curiosity to establish a feeling of ease within the therapeutic relationship. I aim to create a collaborative environment in which you are the expert of your own experiences.
(978) 487-5526 View (978) 487-5526
Photo of Johanna Malone, Psychologist in Cambridge, MA
Johanna Malone
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Cambridge, MA 02139
Sometimes we notice that a problem or feeling of distress is not actually new, but one we have carried for a long time. Alternatively, stressful circumstances can suddenly challenge our usual and effective ways of coping requiring us to change. Psychotherapy offers an ideal context for modifying patterns of experience or feelings of being stuck that occur within our relationships, work, and internal worlds. This creative process contains elements of surprise that evolve over the course of the treatment, yet the work is also a demanding rigorous endeavor.
Sometimes we notice that a problem or feeling of distress is not actually new, but one we have carried for a long time. Alternatively, stressful circumstances can suddenly challenge our usual and effective ways of coping requiring us to change. Psychotherapy offers an ideal context for modifying patterns of experience or feelings of being stuck that occur within our relationships, work, and internal worlds. This creative process contains elements of surprise that evolve over the course of the treatment, yet the work is also a demanding rigorous endeavor.
(617) 294-5584 View (617) 294-5584
Photo of Tara Nolan, Pre-Licensed Professional in Cambridge, MA
Tara Nolan
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
Cambridge, MA 02138  (Online Only)
My potential clients may be veterans looking for a safe space to navigate challenges related to serving, adolescents coping with difficult relational issues, or the person that is dreaming big but needs some support and motivation to get where they are trying to go. Some experiences may include anxiety, depression, chronic fatigue, lack of motivation, boundary issues, issues surrounding identity, unhealthy relationships with food, low resilience, and relational issues.
My potential clients may be veterans looking for a safe space to navigate challenges related to serving, adolescents coping with difficult relational issues, or the person that is dreaming big but needs some support and motivation to get where they are trying to go. Some experiences may include anxiety, depression, chronic fatigue, lack of motivation, boundary issues, issues surrounding identity, unhealthy relationships with food, low resilience, and relational issues.
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Photo of Sexual Health and Healing LLC, Psychologist in Cambridge, MA
Sexual Health and Healing LLC
Psychologist, PsyD, LADC-I, CSCT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Cambridge, MA 02138  (Online Only)
We offer a sex positive approach to helping people with many sexual and relationship issues. We provide services for those with sexual dysfunction (problems with desire, arousal, orgasm, pain) and sexual compulsivity/infidelity. We utilize a trauma lens and support the relationship structure it may exist in. We support issues related desire, arousal, and orgasm. We help couples with desire discrepancies. Our clinicians use evidence-based approaches to offer guidance and education. They are kind, compassionate, empathic, and use humor to build a connection with you so they can walk beside you on your path.
We offer a sex positive approach to helping people with many sexual and relationship issues. We provide services for those with sexual dysfunction (problems with desire, arousal, orgasm, pain) and sexual compulsivity/infidelity. We utilize a trauma lens and support the relationship structure it may exist in. We support issues related desire, arousal, and orgasm. We help couples with desire discrepancies. Our clinicians use evidence-based approaches to offer guidance and education. They are kind, compassionate, empathic, and use humor to build a connection with you so they can walk beside you on your path.
(781) 676-3468 View (781) 676-3468
Photo of Yvonne Fall, Counselor in Cambridge, MA
Yvonne Fall
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
Cambridge, MA 02138  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
I'm passionate about helping clients heal their relationships with food and body, build self-esteem, and overcome difficult experiences while fostering a sense of agency and self-compassion. I have experience treating eating disorders at multiple levels of care and have worked with a wide variety of co-occurring symptoms. I am a Health at Every Size (HAES) oriented practitioner. My approach is grounded in the belief that each individual holds the inherent intelligence and wisdom necessary for change.
I'm passionate about helping clients heal their relationships with food and body, build self-esteem, and overcome difficult experiences while fostering a sense of agency and self-compassion. I have experience treating eating disorders at multiple levels of care and have worked with a wide variety of co-occurring symptoms. I am a Health at Every Size (HAES) oriented practitioner. My approach is grounded in the belief that each individual holds the inherent intelligence and wisdom necessary for change.
(857) 675-3253 View (857) 675-3253
Photo of Christina Go, Psychologist in Cambridge, MA
Christina Go
Psychologist, EdM, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Cambridge, MA 02138
You are welcome to call me directly for a free 15 min. phone consultation. From there, you'll learn more about my working style and can ask any questions you may have. My office is conveniently located in Harvard Square near the Harvard T stop and the 77 Bus route. There are lots of metered parking spaces nearby. I also do teletherapy.
You are welcome to call me directly for a free 15 min. phone consultation. From there, you'll learn more about my working style and can ask any questions you may have. My office is conveniently located in Harvard Square near the Harvard T stop and the 77 Bus route. There are lots of metered parking spaces nearby. I also do teletherapy.
(857) 320-4107 View (857) 320-4107
Photo of Bob Childs, Psychologist in Cambridge, MA
Bob Childs
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Cambridge, MA 02138
For over 20 years I have been providing patients with a safe space that is mutually created together through a trusting connection built to hold whatever you bring into therapy. My focus is on longer term therapy that is aimed at achieving real and lasting change in one's life. It is also my experience that once many of the initial issues are worked through, whether they are older emotional wounds or current relationship issues, that ultimately what will emerge are your own unique qualities that will allow you to flourish in all aspects of your life.
For over 20 years I have been providing patients with a safe space that is mutually created together through a trusting connection built to hold whatever you bring into therapy. My focus is on longer term therapy that is aimed at achieving real and lasting change in one's life. It is also my experience that once many of the initial issues are worked through, whether they are older emotional wounds or current relationship issues, that ultimately what will emerge are your own unique qualities that will allow you to flourish in all aspects of your life.
(617) 209-4613 View (617) 209-4613

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Cambridge, MA

1,000+

Average cost per session

$175

Therapists in Cambridge, MA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
87% Depression
79% Relationship Issues
76% Self Esteem
68% Trauma and PTSD
64% Coping Skills
64% Stress

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

80% BlueCross and BlueShield
49% Aetna
49% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Cambridge, MA see their clients

54% In Person and Online
46% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
21% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Cambridge?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.