Therapists in Amherst, MA

Photo of Advance Psychotherapy Practice, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Amherst, MA
Advance Psychotherapy Practice
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Verified Verified
Amherst, MA 01002
We have immediate openings, across the lifespan, for the following insurances: Blue Cross Blue Shield Optum and Optum products: Allways, Harvard Pilgrim, Oxford, Connecticare TUFTS Medicare Private Pay ($100/session) Become a client on our website: www.advancepsychotherapy.org. Those who are interested in receiving services from us should fill out the following form:
We have immediate openings, across the lifespan, for the following insurances: Blue Cross Blue Shield Optum and Optum products: Allways, Harvard Pilgrim, Oxford, Connecticare TUFTS Medicare Private Pay ($100/session) Become a client on our website: www.advancepsychotherapy.org. Those who are interested in receiving services from us should fill out the following form:
(413) 259-0478 View (413) 259-0478
Photo of Brigitta H Sebesta in Amherst, MA
Brigitta H Sebesta
SEP, MEd
Verified Verified
Amherst, MA 01002
Being you has not been easy. You're haunted by a painful past. Hurtful self-talk echoes in your head. "Why did I do that again? I should have..." Others see you as smart and competent, yet you feel like a fraud. That wall you built around yourself for safety - doesn't really feel safe anymore. And it doesn't allow for a deeper connection with others. Anxiety keeps you on edge while fear twists you into knots. Living in your body is uncomfortable. Symptoms like digestive issues and tension headaches are becoming part of your daily life. Nothing you do seems to make much of a difference. You know you need to make a change.
Being you has not been easy. You're haunted by a painful past. Hurtful self-talk echoes in your head. "Why did I do that again? I should have..." Others see you as smart and competent, yet you feel like a fraud. That wall you built around yourself for safety - doesn't really feel safe anymore. And it doesn't allow for a deeper connection with others. Anxiety keeps you on edge while fear twists you into knots. Living in your body is uncomfortable. Symptoms like digestive issues and tension headaches are becoming part of your daily life. Nothing you do seems to make much of a difference. You know you need to make a change.
(413) 251-5019 View (413) 251-5019
Photo of Alexandra Casamassima, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Amherst, MA
Alexandra Casamassima
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, PMH-C
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Amherst, MA 01002  (Online Only)
Women face unique challenges throughout the lifespan, and I specialize in supporting them as they grow through these tough transitions - whether it be college stress, a "quarter life crisis", or pregnancy and parenting. I have a holistic approach that aims to empower women facing a wide range of issues or symptoms, including anxiety and stress management, depression, "burnout", OCD, and pregnancy/postpartum mental health. Please see my website for additional details about my practice.
Women face unique challenges throughout the lifespan, and I specialize in supporting them as they grow through these tough transitions - whether it be college stress, a "quarter life crisis", or pregnancy and parenting. I have a holistic approach that aims to empower women facing a wide range of issues or symptoms, including anxiety and stress management, depression, "burnout", OCD, and pregnancy/postpartum mental health. Please see my website for additional details about my practice.
(617) 433-5403 View (617) 433-5403
Alexandra L Chesner
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, CAGS, LMFT
Verified Verified
Amherst, MA 01002
At your first appointment, I gather information about what's bringing you for therapy now. My approach is strength-based and collaborative, and we will consider what you might find most helpful together. My practice welcomes children, adolescents, college students and parents; I enjoy work with couples, families and individuals. While offering support and guidance, I take time to build a safe place where you gain understanding and develop skills to improve your life. I share my expertise in family systems, along with practical information about resources. With increased perspective and awareness about your choices, the opportunity for change unfolds.
At your first appointment, I gather information about what's bringing you for therapy now. My approach is strength-based and collaborative, and we will consider what you might find most helpful together. My practice welcomes children, adolescents, college students and parents; I enjoy work with couples, families and individuals. While offering support and guidance, I take time to build a safe place where you gain understanding and develop skills to improve your life. I share my expertise in family systems, along with practical information about resources. With increased perspective and awareness about your choices, the opportunity for change unfolds.
(413) 284-4378 View (413) 284-4378
Photo of Pam Weissman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Amherst, MA
Pam Weissman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Amherst, MA 01004  (Online Only)
My current practice focuses on working with clients who are looking to make changes related to life stressors including: anxiety, depression, parenting, separation/divorce and life transitions. I am trained in a variety of treatment modalities including mindfulness, motivational interviewing, and cognitive behavioral therapy. Please reach out and see if we could be a good fit working together.
My current practice focuses on working with clients who are looking to make changes related to life stressors including: anxiety, depression, parenting, separation/divorce and life transitions. I am trained in a variety of treatment modalities including mindfulness, motivational interviewing, and cognitive behavioral therapy. Please reach out and see if we could be a good fit working together.
(617) 631-9764 View (617) 631-9764
Photo of Asher Pandjiris, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Amherst, MA
Asher Pandjiris
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, MA, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Amherst, MA 01002
My clients are typically “high achievers,” parentified children or people pleasers who seek to know themselves more deeply. I specialize in working with disordered eating, life transitions, anxiety and depression. Our work together offers a space to bring into more conscious awareness, unacknowledged pain, longings and barriers to substantive nourishment of self. When the remnants of our past emerge in our present, it can feel disorienting and painful. I offer curiosity, warmth and empathy towards these emergent experiences and accompany you in deepening your self-understanding.
My clients are typically “high achievers,” parentified children or people pleasers who seek to know themselves more deeply. I specialize in working with disordered eating, life transitions, anxiety and depression. Our work together offers a space to bring into more conscious awareness, unacknowledged pain, longings and barriers to substantive nourishment of self. When the remnants of our past emerge in our present, it can feel disorienting and painful. I offer curiosity, warmth and empathy towards these emergent experiences and accompany you in deepening your self-understanding.
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Photo of Kamala Rose in Amherst, MA
Kamala Rose
MA, Ex Art, Coach
Verified Verified
Amherst, MA 01002
An Expressive Arts Therapist and Certified Therapeutic Coach that understands the ins and outs of recovery from various challenges and sometimes the messiness of life. Kamala facilitates meditation groups, coaches & advises online and works in-person with clients as a coach/companion. Kamala takes a holistic and compassionate approach to health and healing, treating the body, mind and spirit.
An Expressive Arts Therapist and Certified Therapeutic Coach that understands the ins and outs of recovery from various challenges and sometimes the messiness of life. Kamala facilitates meditation groups, coaches & advises online and works in-person with clients as a coach/companion. Kamala takes a holistic and compassionate approach to health and healing, treating the body, mind and spirit.
(413) 992-3450 View (413) 992-3450
Photo of Jennifer Curiale, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Amherst, MA
Jennifer Curiale
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Amherst, MA 01002  (Online Only)
There are times in all of our lives when we need extra support to face challenges, manage transitions and overcome adversities. As a caring and compassionate therapist I am committed to helping you explore the issues that may be holding you back and helping you uncover the innate potential within you to thrive and heal. I have a great deal of experience helping clients manage and overcome depression, anxiety, trauma histories, low self-esteem, and dysfunctional relationship patterns. I bring a wide variety of both professional and personal experience to my clinical work and believe in the strength and resilience of the human spirit.
There are times in all of our lives when we need extra support to face challenges, manage transitions and overcome adversities. As a caring and compassionate therapist I am committed to helping you explore the issues that may be holding you back and helping you uncover the innate potential within you to thrive and heal. I have a great deal of experience helping clients manage and overcome depression, anxiety, trauma histories, low self-esteem, and dysfunctional relationship patterns. I bring a wide variety of both professional and personal experience to my clinical work and believe in the strength and resilience of the human spirit.
(413) 923-7753 View (413) 923-7753
Photo of Deborah Jai Levy, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Amherst, MA
Deborah Jai Levy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, SEP
Verified Verified
Amherst, MA 01002
I offer a compassionate environment in which to heal and transform, beginning with embracing what IS, which allows for a more relaxed, gentle, clear and effective approach to our difficulties. Much of our emotional suffering stems from a disconnection from ourselves and our relationship with life. The work I offer facilitates a deep, authentic connection with oneself through somatic, experiential and psychodynamic work, self-inquiry, mindfulness and the support of the therapeutic relationship. Essentially I see that each person I work with has the full potential for healing already on board. We work to uncover and access that, so that full aliveness is restored.
I offer a compassionate environment in which to heal and transform, beginning with embracing what IS, which allows for a more relaxed, gentle, clear and effective approach to our difficulties. Much of our emotional suffering stems from a disconnection from ourselves and our relationship with life. The work I offer facilitates a deep, authentic connection with oneself through somatic, experiential and psychodynamic work, self-inquiry, mindfulness and the support of the therapeutic relationship. Essentially I see that each person I work with has the full potential for healing already on board. We work to uncover and access that, so that full aliveness is restored.
(413) 422-0980 View (413) 422-0980
Photo of Tara Ferrante, Counselor in Amherst, MA
Tara Ferrante
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Amherst, MA 01002
Not accepting new clients
At this time I am full but can take clients onto my waitlist. I am seeing clients between the hours of 9-2:30pm. My approach to therapy is to create a warm, curious, and accepting space where we can explore what is going on and I can assist you in applying concrete evidence-based tools and techniques that can create lasting change. I strive to meet clients where there are at and work collaboratively to create a plan so that you can live as fully as possible. I specialize in the treatment of obsessive- compulsive disorder, hoarding disorder, anxiety disorders, and PTSD.
At this time I am full but can take clients onto my waitlist. I am seeing clients between the hours of 9-2:30pm. My approach to therapy is to create a warm, curious, and accepting space where we can explore what is going on and I can assist you in applying concrete evidence-based tools and techniques that can create lasting change. I strive to meet clients where there are at and work collaboratively to create a plan so that you can live as fully as possible. I specialize in the treatment of obsessive- compulsive disorder, hoarding disorder, anxiety disorders, and PTSD.
(413) 258-8418 View (413) 258-8418
Photo of Eric Hopkins, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Amherst, MA
Eric Hopkins
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Amherst, MA 01002  (Online Only)
Eric believes therapy is a collaborative process in which the client is the expert in themselves and steers the ship and he helps to support them through what can be difficult, though necessary and important change. At the base of Eric’s work is a collaborative, empathic, non-judgemental, hopeful and accepting approach in which a unique relationship can form to help facilitate change and allow a person to become more accepting, patient, curious and compassionate towards themselves.
Eric believes therapy is a collaborative process in which the client is the expert in themselves and steers the ship and he helps to support them through what can be difficult, though necessary and important change. At the base of Eric’s work is a collaborative, empathic, non-judgemental, hopeful and accepting approach in which a unique relationship can form to help facilitate change and allow a person to become more accepting, patient, curious and compassionate towards themselves.
(413) 331-7868 View (413) 331-7868
Photo of Elisa Gomez, Psychologist in Amherst, MA
Elisa Gomez
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Amherst, MA 01002
**Practice full as of Nov 2019** I am a licensed psychologist specializing in therapy with children and adolescents. I believe we all develop "ways of being" in the world as a result of our innate temperament and early experiences. Psychotherapy and psychological testing offer the chance to look at these ways of being with a compassionate lens, honoring the value they have held in your life while determining whether they are still useful to you now. Through this process, new ways of being can emerge, leading to greater satisfaction in your life.
**Practice full as of Nov 2019** I am a licensed psychologist specializing in therapy with children and adolescents. I believe we all develop "ways of being" in the world as a result of our innate temperament and early experiences. Psychotherapy and psychological testing offer the chance to look at these ways of being with a compassionate lens, honoring the value they have held in your life while determining whether they are still useful to you now. Through this process, new ways of being can emerge, leading to greater satisfaction in your life.
(413) 340-0529 View (413) 340-0529
Photo of Bob Chabot, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Amherst, MA
Bob Chabot
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Amherst, MA 01002
Bob Chabot is a seasoned clinician who brings over 35 years of experience to his practice. He believes that therapy is a conversation in which the therapist functions as listener, facilitator, collaborator, witness and guide. Bob has helped children better fit into their families, and parents shape their home environments to better meet the needs of their children. He has helped couples renegotiate, rework, and repair their relationships and has helped individuals grow and move forward on their respective paths.
Bob Chabot is a seasoned clinician who brings over 35 years of experience to his practice. He believes that therapy is a conversation in which the therapist functions as listener, facilitator, collaborator, witness and guide. Bob has helped children better fit into their families, and parents shape their home environments to better meet the needs of their children. He has helped couples renegotiate, rework, and repair their relationships and has helped individuals grow and move forward on their respective paths.
(413) 266-5556 View (413) 266-5556
Photo of Ginger Sajiera, Counselor in Amherst, MA
Ginger Sajiera
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Amherst, MA 01002  (Online Only)
Having a solid therapeutic relationship is essential to the success of your experience in therapy, and I am committed to creating a space in which you will feel safe, deeply heard and seen, and can be a collaborator in the therapeutic process. I believe in creating a mutual alliance built upon honesty, empathy, trust, and respect. Together, we will explore the challenges and obstacles you face, while identifying personal strengths and other resources that will help facilitate meaningful change and growth.
Having a solid therapeutic relationship is essential to the success of your experience in therapy, and I am committed to creating a space in which you will feel safe, deeply heard and seen, and can be a collaborator in the therapeutic process. I believe in creating a mutual alliance built upon honesty, empathy, trust, and respect. Together, we will explore the challenges and obstacles you face, while identifying personal strengths and other resources that will help facilitate meaningful change and growth.
(413) 266-5591 View (413) 266-5591
Photo of Kristy Mamchur, Psychologist in Amherst, MA
Kristy Mamchur
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Amherst, MA 01002  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
My hope for my clients is that they will find a therapeutic space, which facilitates increased emotional self-knowledge and an understanding of and relief from emotional and behavioral struggles. Psychotherapy is the process of understanding oneself in the context of everyday life, with a primary focus on social and intimate relationships and on professional/personal identity. The social world is full of external stimulation, and psychotherapy is a place for quiet reflection on personal needs, desires, patterns, values and states of mind. Ordinary education, even the finest education, does not prepare people for these intimate aspects of life.
My hope for my clients is that they will find a therapeutic space, which facilitates increased emotional self-knowledge and an understanding of and relief from emotional and behavioral struggles. Psychotherapy is the process of understanding oneself in the context of everyday life, with a primary focus on social and intimate relationships and on professional/personal identity. The social world is full of external stimulation, and psychotherapy is a place for quiet reflection on personal needs, desires, patterns, values and states of mind. Ordinary education, even the finest education, does not prepare people for these intimate aspects of life.
(802) 715-1061 View (802) 715-1061
Photo of Patricia Gorman, Psychologist in Amherst, MA
Patricia Gorman
Psychologist, EdD, LP, LMFT
Verified Verified
Amherst, MA 01002  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
I am a licensed psychologist and licensed marriage and family therapist with a private practice in Amherst. I work with individuals and couples who are feeling overwhelmed and troubled by symptoms such as anxiety or depression, or having difficulty with relationships. My therapy is collaborative and strength-based. I use the best practices emerging from current research and theory. I listen carefully to you to help identify the most effective approach that is personalized to your situation.
I am a licensed psychologist and licensed marriage and family therapist with a private practice in Amherst. I work with individuals and couples who are feeling overwhelmed and troubled by symptoms such as anxiety or depression, or having difficulty with relationships. My therapy is collaborative and strength-based. I use the best practices emerging from current research and theory. I listen carefully to you to help identify the most effective approach that is personalized to your situation.
(413) 349-4054 View (413) 349-4054
Lynn Abraham
Counselor, LMHC, SEP
Verified Verified
Amherst, MA 01002
Not accepting new clients
Therapy supports well-being when the relationship helps us tap into our strengths and resources. My commitment to you is to build this kind of relationship. Results include improved mood, relationships,increased energy, motivation, self acceptance, and creativity. I practice a body-based therapy called Somatic Experiencing that is a gentle approach to healing PTSD and symptoms of trauma. These include anxiety, depression, physical symptoms, and difficulty staying grounded in the present. We may use methods informed by my experience and training in contemplative practices and expressive therapies along with psychodynamic and cognitive therapies.
Therapy supports well-being when the relationship helps us tap into our strengths and resources. My commitment to you is to build this kind of relationship. Results include improved mood, relationships,increased energy, motivation, self acceptance, and creativity. I practice a body-based therapy called Somatic Experiencing that is a gentle approach to healing PTSD and symptoms of trauma. These include anxiety, depression, physical symptoms, and difficulty staying grounded in the present. We may use methods informed by my experience and training in contemplative practices and expressive therapies along with psychodynamic and cognitive therapies.
(415) 323-3997 View (415) 323-3997
Photo of Amherst Cognitive Therapy, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Amherst, MA
Amherst Cognitive Therapy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Amherst, MA 01002
Amherst Cognitive Therapy is a group practice founded by Caroline Aller, LICSW dedicated to the treatment of stress, anxiety and mood disorders using Cognitive Behavioral Therapy or CBT. We serve children, adolescents, and adults of all ages. We also provide guidance to parents and caregivers of children struggling with anxiety and mood disorders.
Amherst Cognitive Therapy is a group practice founded by Caroline Aller, LICSW dedicated to the treatment of stress, anxiety and mood disorders using Cognitive Behavioral Therapy or CBT. We serve children, adolescents, and adults of all ages. We also provide guidance to parents and caregivers of children struggling with anxiety and mood disorders.
(413) 835-1558 View (413) 835-1558
Photo of Ruth Levy, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Amherst, MA
Ruth Levy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA, MSW, LICSW, EAT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Amherst, MA 01002  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Change is a natural part of life and can be both exciting and challenging. If you're looking to develop resources to deal with the challenge of transitions, anxiety or depression, or are seeking new ways of responding to old patterns, I'd like to work with you to actively create a fresh approach to building the life you want to be living. I am easy to talk to, and bring a warm and open presence approaching therapy as a conversation. I listen closely and aim to ask questions that help you to grow your own innate wisdom and inspire new ideas and solutions.
Change is a natural part of life and can be both exciting and challenging. If you're looking to develop resources to deal with the challenge of transitions, anxiety or depression, or are seeking new ways of responding to old patterns, I'd like to work with you to actively create a fresh approach to building the life you want to be living. I am easy to talk to, and bring a warm and open presence approaching therapy as a conversation. I listen closely and aim to ask questions that help you to grow your own innate wisdom and inspire new ideas and solutions.
(617) 936-7077 View (617) 936-7077
Photo of Tim Hope, Psychologist in Amherst, MA
Tim Hope
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Amherst, MA 01002
I am a clinician, consultant and evaluator for children, youth and young adults. I have helped families coping with trauma, divorce, behavior problems, substances, alcohol, eating disorders and other health-related difficulties, cognitive disorders or PDD. I have successfully helped individuals with anger, depression or anxiety, including OCD and PTSD. I work closely with families and schools treating those with ADHD, LD, and Developmental Disabilities, including Autism Spectrum disorders. I primarily use Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Dialectical Behavior Therapy, and Family Therapy. Finally, I have a special interest in issues concerning adoption and individuals in the GLBTQIA+ community.
I am a clinician, consultant and evaluator for children, youth and young adults. I have helped families coping with trauma, divorce, behavior problems, substances, alcohol, eating disorders and other health-related difficulties, cognitive disorders or PDD. I have successfully helped individuals with anger, depression or anxiety, including OCD and PTSD. I work closely with families and schools treating those with ADHD, LD, and Developmental Disabilities, including Autism Spectrum disorders. I primarily use Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Dialectical Behavior Therapy, and Family Therapy. Finally, I have a special interest in issues concerning adoption and individuals in the GLBTQIA+ community.
(413) 315-4417 View (413) 315-4417

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Amherst, MA

300+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Amherst, MA who prioritize treating:

89% Anxiety
88% Depression
78% Relationship Issues
70% Trauma and PTSD
70% Self Esteem
65% Grief
63% Stress

Average years in practice

16 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

89% BlueCross and BlueShield
52% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
52% Optum

How Therapists in Amherst, MA see their clients

60% In Person and Online
40% Online Only

Gender breakdown

76% Female
22% Male
2% Non-Binary

FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Amherst?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.