Therapists in Encino, CA

Photo of Dr. Itay Kohane, Psychologist in Encino, CA
Dr. Itay Kohane
Psychologist, PsyD, SEP
Verified Verified
Encino, CA 91436
I'm here for you. I am well aware it is not easy to reach out for professional support. Much of successful therapy is about the connection between you and the therapist you choose. By working together, you will gain more insight about yourself, find reasons to challenges you go through, and ways to overcoming them and achieving your goals. Curiosity and empathy will be key components in our work. I work with adults and children, in individual, couple and family settings. You can view my specialties on this profile and my website. In addition, I supervise doctoral level post-docs who can help in case I don't have availability.
I'm here for you. I am well aware it is not easy to reach out for professional support. Much of successful therapy is about the connection between you and the therapist you choose. By working together, you will gain more insight about yourself, find reasons to challenges you go through, and ways to overcoming them and achieving your goals. Curiosity and empathy will be key components in our work. I work with adults and children, in individual, couple and family settings. You can view my specialties on this profile and my website. In addition, I supervise doctoral level post-docs who can help in case I don't have availability.
(747) 204-1971 View (747) 204-1971
Photo of Cristina Hodge, Marriage & Family Therapist in Encino, CA
Cristina Hodge
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Encino, CA 91316
I provide counseling for individuals, couples, and families who are experiencing the various challenges life presents. As each person's experience is unique, I explore with my clients, their individual life experiences and current issues, to provide them with new ways to approach problems and resolve conflicts. I facilitate the development of insight and skills to build stronger, more rewarding relationships with self and others.
I provide counseling for individuals, couples, and families who are experiencing the various challenges life presents. As each person's experience is unique, I explore with my clients, their individual life experiences and current issues, to provide them with new ways to approach problems and resolve conflicts. I facilitate the development of insight and skills to build stronger, more rewarding relationships with self and others.
(818) 975-2447 View (818) 975-2447
Photo of Irma Breakfield, Marriage & Family Therapist in Encino, CA
Irma Breakfield
Marriage & Family Therapist, EdD, LMFT
Verified Verified
Encino, CA 91436  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
I realize that no two people are the same, I'll tailor your therapy to meet your specific needs. I love helping people understand the things that are holding them back with an in-depth approach. After recognizing underlying problems, clients can fully realize their strengths and adjust certain behaviors and thoughts to see things in a different, healthier way.
I realize that no two people are the same, I'll tailor your therapy to meet your specific needs. I love helping people understand the things that are holding them back with an in-depth approach. After recognizing underlying problems, clients can fully realize their strengths and adjust certain behaviors and thoughts to see things in a different, healthier way.
(747) 277-7506 View (747) 277-7506
Photo of Lisa Oxman, Marriage & Family Therapist in Encino, CA
Lisa Oxman
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Encino, CA 91316
People tend to seek help when their lives feel out of balance. Sometimes this can be caused by a new or difficult situation, such as a shift in career plans, family life, or an intimate relationship that leads one to experience feelings of confusion and sadness. Other times we may not be sure where our depression or anxiety stem from at all. As humans, we possess a strong capacity for resilience and self-care, but it is when our regular coping strategies no longer work that we may turn to therapy for new perspectives and outcomes.
People tend to seek help when their lives feel out of balance. Sometimes this can be caused by a new or difficult situation, such as a shift in career plans, family life, or an intimate relationship that leads one to experience feelings of confusion and sadness. Other times we may not be sure where our depression or anxiety stem from at all. As humans, we possess a strong capacity for resilience and self-care, but it is when our regular coping strategies no longer work that we may turn to therapy for new perspectives and outcomes.
(818) 452-4875 View (818) 452-4875
Photo of Susan J Leviton, Marriage & Family Therapist in Encino, CA
Susan J Leviton
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Encino, CA 91436
Life has become very complicated and it's easy to get overwhelmed, anxious or depressed. This is especially true for those who grew up without the love and nurturing that help build good self-esteem and resilience. The good news is that, with the right help, you can learn new ways of coping and feel better, stronger.
Life has become very complicated and it's easy to get overwhelmed, anxious or depressed. This is especially true for those who grew up without the love and nurturing that help build good self-esteem and resilience. The good news is that, with the right help, you can learn new ways of coping and feel better, stronger.
(747) 234-2603 View (747) 234-2603
Photo of Road to Wellness Therapy, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Encino, CA
Road to Wellness Therapy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Encino, CA 91316
If you're feeling stuck, anxious, or depressed, I'm glad you're here. My goal is to support you in getting relief, clarity, and hope. I am a licensed therapist in the states of CA, FL, SC, TX, & CT. I enjoy utilizing mind & body integration for both growth and healing, while also collaborating with you to cultivate balance and meeting your goals. I work with clients who experience challenges in their intimate relationships, big and small traumas, anxiety, and attachment wounds. It's important to me that you feel comfortable in our sessions. We are on this journey of your healing together and my style is collaborative and warm.
If you're feeling stuck, anxious, or depressed, I'm glad you're here. My goal is to support you in getting relief, clarity, and hope. I am a licensed therapist in the states of CA, FL, SC, TX, & CT. I enjoy utilizing mind & body integration for both growth and healing, while also collaborating with you to cultivate balance and meeting your goals. I work with clients who experience challenges in their intimate relationships, big and small traumas, anxiety, and attachment wounds. It's important to me that you feel comfortable in our sessions. We are on this journey of your healing together and my style is collaborative and warm.
(323) 312-3977 View (323) 312-3977
Photo of Celeste Elizabeth Athena Zarpas, Marriage & Family Therapist in Encino, CA
Celeste Elizabeth Athena Zarpas
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Encino, CA 91316  (Online Only)
I believe the goal of therapy is to create insight and self-awareness. If we are better able to understand who we are and why we engage in the behaviors we do, we are able to make changes in our lives. My job is to offer a supportive environment, in which you feel safe to explore who you are.
I believe the goal of therapy is to create insight and self-awareness. If we are better able to understand who we are and why we engage in the behaviors we do, we are able to make changes in our lives. My job is to offer a supportive environment, in which you feel safe to explore who you are.
(818) 740-5375 View (818) 740-5375
Photo of Nancy Gonzalez, Marriage & Family Therapist in Encino, CA
Nancy Gonzalez
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Encino, CA 91436
As an experienced psychotherapist, I find great joy in helping others navigate their personal journeys. With an eclectic orientation, I draw from diverse range of therapeutic approaches to tailor my interventions to each individual’s unique needs and challenges. My educational background from Cal State Northridge with a Bachelor’ degree in Psychology and a Master’s degree from Phillips Graduate Institute. Has equipped me with a well-rounded understanding of human behavior and societal influences. Additionally, my education and over 10 years of clinical experience have further honed my expertise in the field of psychotherapy.
As an experienced psychotherapist, I find great joy in helping others navigate their personal journeys. With an eclectic orientation, I draw from diverse range of therapeutic approaches to tailor my interventions to each individual’s unique needs and challenges. My educational background from Cal State Northridge with a Bachelor’ degree in Psychology and a Master’s degree from Phillips Graduate Institute. Has equipped me with a well-rounded understanding of human behavior and societal influences. Additionally, my education and over 10 years of clinical experience have further honed my expertise in the field of psychotherapy.
(747) 529-7736 View (747) 529-7736
Photo of Sondra Goldstein, Psychologist in Encino, CA
Sondra Goldstein
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Encino, CA 91436  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Relationship issues with spouses, partners, family members, friends, and co-workers are often upsetting, creating painful feelings which affect all aspects of our lives. For many years I have worked with individuals and couples to understand, accept and resolve relationship difficulties. Often my work involves dealing with anxiety, panic, and depression when relationship conflict and fascstress become intense. Emotionally Focused Therapy helps create secure attachment relationships which are important to everyone. My goal as a psychologist is helping individuals and couples work toward building this sense of security in their lives
Relationship issues with spouses, partners, family members, friends, and co-workers are often upsetting, creating painful feelings which affect all aspects of our lives. For many years I have worked with individuals and couples to understand, accept and resolve relationship difficulties. Often my work involves dealing with anxiety, panic, and depression when relationship conflict and fascstress become intense. Emotionally Focused Therapy helps create secure attachment relationships which are important to everyone. My goal as a psychologist is helping individuals and couples work toward building this sense of security in their lives
(818) 570-7594 View (818) 570-7594
Photo of Sepideh Zarinejad, Psychologist in Encino, CA
Sepideh Zarinejad
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Encino, CA 91436
Dr. Zarinejad is a licensed Clinical Psychologist practicing in Encino, California. She has over 20 years of clinical, research and teaching experience. She specializes in adults who suffer from depression, anxiety, traumas, cross cultural issues, and general life concerns. Also, she has extensive experience with individual and couples dealing with relationship struggles, divorce or other losses. Dr. Zarinejad speaks farsi Fluently.
Dr. Zarinejad is a licensed Clinical Psychologist practicing in Encino, California. She has over 20 years of clinical, research and teaching experience. She specializes in adults who suffer from depression, anxiety, traumas, cross cultural issues, and general life concerns. Also, she has extensive experience with individual and couples dealing with relationship struggles, divorce or other losses. Dr. Zarinejad speaks farsi Fluently.
(818) 381-5673 View (818) 381-5673
Photo of Dr. Valinda Bowens, Psychologist in Encino, CA
Dr. Valinda Bowens
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Encino, CA 91436  (Online Only)
Though you move forward daily, you struggle with confidence and experience feelings of fear, anxiety & loneliness. You may feel overwhelmed, unloved, and unseen. While you may not understand how you got off track, you lack a sense of purpose: not finding true happiness in your daily living, difficulty feeling & expressing gratitude, and never truly living in the moment. Past hurt has caused you to build up protective barriers & while they help in some aspects, they also create an inability to connect. You’ve worked hard & accomplished so much, yet you struggle with persistent feelings of self-doubt. You may wonder: Where did "I" go.
Though you move forward daily, you struggle with confidence and experience feelings of fear, anxiety & loneliness. You may feel overwhelmed, unloved, and unseen. While you may not understand how you got off track, you lack a sense of purpose: not finding true happiness in your daily living, difficulty feeling & expressing gratitude, and never truly living in the moment. Past hurt has caused you to build up protective barriers & while they help in some aspects, they also create an inability to connect. You’ve worked hard & accomplished so much, yet you struggle with persistent feelings of self-doubt. You may wonder: Where did "I" go.
(323) 417-6673 View (323) 417-6673
Photo of Shawn Lare Brinkley, Marriage & Family Therapist in Encino, CA
Shawn Lare Brinkley
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Encino, CA 91436
I am an eclectic therapist, meaning I do not subscribe to any one therapeutic modality as I believe the therapeutic process is fluid and as a clinician, I must be the same. I help you manage depression, anxiety, ADHD, adjustment disorder, grief/loss, PTSD, bipolar disorder, personality disorders, children and adolescents navigating the difficulties of adjusting to parent's divorcing and behavioral issues such as oppositional defiance and conduct issues. In an effort to meet my clients where they are, I will take the time needed to examine, with you, the core issues surrounding the problem and assist in developing solutions from that ground work.
I am an eclectic therapist, meaning I do not subscribe to any one therapeutic modality as I believe the therapeutic process is fluid and as a clinician, I must be the same. I help you manage depression, anxiety, ADHD, adjustment disorder, grief/loss, PTSD, bipolar disorder, personality disorders, children and adolescents navigating the difficulties of adjusting to parent's divorcing and behavioral issues such as oppositional defiance and conduct issues. In an effort to meet my clients where they are, I will take the time needed to examine, with you, the core issues surrounding the problem and assist in developing solutions from that ground work.
(818) 214-7362 View (818) 214-7362
Photo of Valerie Sadon, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Encino, CA
Valerie Sadon
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Encino, CA 91436
I specialize in the evidence-based treatment of Anxiety Disorders, Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD), Trauma, and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD).  I am trained in Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy, Exposure & Response Prevention (ERP), Eye Movement Desensitization & Reprocessing (EMDR), attachment-based therapy, and mindfulness-based approaches.
I specialize in the evidence-based treatment of Anxiety Disorders, Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD), Trauma, and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD).  I am trained in Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy, Exposure & Response Prevention (ERP), Eye Movement Desensitization & Reprocessing (EMDR), attachment-based therapy, and mindfulness-based approaches.
(818) 853-9305 View (818) 853-9305
Photo of Melissa M Shepherd-Williams, Marriage & Family Therapist in Encino, CA
Melissa M Shepherd-Williams
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Encino, CA 91436
As a constantly busy person not tending to yourself because of a tradition of putting yourself last, it can be challenging to pause or ask for help. Something, finally, brought you to a halt and you are starting to give yourself permission to welcome support. I offer my enthusiasm to partner in your journey of identifying strengths, growing from challenges, and building on them. A multicultural background and experience working with clients of diverse narratives and identities helps me to remain open to your point of view. I have an extensive history working within the arts community with children, adolescents, and adults.
As a constantly busy person not tending to yourself because of a tradition of putting yourself last, it can be challenging to pause or ask for help. Something, finally, brought you to a halt and you are starting to give yourself permission to welcome support. I offer my enthusiasm to partner in your journey of identifying strengths, growing from challenges, and building on them. A multicultural background and experience working with clients of diverse narratives and identities helps me to remain open to your point of view. I have an extensive history working within the arts community with children, adolescents, and adults.
(747) 215-3640 View (747) 215-3640
Photo of Social Skills Training Academy in Encino, CA
Social Skills Training Academy
BCBA-D
Verified Verified
Encino, CA 91316
In today's world, parents worry about their child's ability to be successful in social situations. With the addition of video gaming and social media platforms, children do not have the same access to in-person social interactions. Due to this current phenomenon, many children lack the necessary skills to be successful when interacting with their peer group. Many children suffer from issues such as social isolation, lack of confidence in their social abilities, and fear of rejection. Social Skills Training Academy's goal is to teach children the necessary skills to feel confident and knowledgeable in their social world.
In today's world, parents worry about their child's ability to be successful in social situations. With the addition of video gaming and social media platforms, children do not have the same access to in-person social interactions. Due to this current phenomenon, many children lack the necessary skills to be successful when interacting with their peer group. Many children suffer from issues such as social isolation, lack of confidence in their social abilities, and fear of rejection. Social Skills Training Academy's goal is to teach children the necessary skills to feel confident and knowledgeable in their social world.
(818) 875-5881 View (818) 875-5881
Photo of Rachel A. Bernstein, Marriage & Family Therapist in Encino, CA
Rachel A. Bernstein
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MSEd
Verified Verified
Encino, CA 91436
I am honored when people come in to meet with me. I also respect the fact that this process can be difficult for some. I am happy to work at the pace with which you are most comfortable. The majority of my clients fit into 4 categories: 1.Adults trying to develop greater confidence. 2.Couples in conflict, needing to find a better way to connect and communicate. 3.Families experiencing tension, or going through a difficult change. 4.Children who need emotional support, and greater coping skills, and parents who are needing tools to help their children.
I am honored when people come in to meet with me. I also respect the fact that this process can be difficult for some. I am happy to work at the pace with which you are most comfortable. The majority of my clients fit into 4 categories: 1.Adults trying to develop greater confidence. 2.Couples in conflict, needing to find a better way to connect and communicate. 3.Families experiencing tension, or going through a difficult change. 4.Children who need emotional support, and greater coping skills, and parents who are needing tools to help their children.
(818) 835-5147 View (818) 835-5147
Photo of Cass Lyons, Marriage & Family Therapist in Encino, CA
Cass Lyons
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFA, MA
Verified Verified
Encino, CA 91316
Effective psychotherapy is transforming. In my private practice both individuals and couples come seeking a therapeutic relationship to clarify the suffering in their life. My style is interactive and engaging, utilizing psychotherapy, Jungian analysis and dream work. Although I specialize in recovery from trauma (ptsd), those who are creatively blocked, grief and loss, victims of domestic violence, and addiction to alcohol/substances, I welcome all kinds of people into the sanctuary of my office
Effective psychotherapy is transforming. In my private practice both individuals and couples come seeking a therapeutic relationship to clarify the suffering in their life. My style is interactive and engaging, utilizing psychotherapy, Jungian analysis and dream work. Although I specialize in recovery from trauma (ptsd), those who are creatively blocked, grief and loss, victims of domestic violence, and addiction to alcohol/substances, I welcome all kinds of people into the sanctuary of my office
(818) 369-3134 View (818) 369-3134
Photo of Mary Tobon, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Encino, CA
Mary Tobon
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Encino, CA 91436
What is it that has brought you to seek out therapy? If it is because you are looking for someone to provide a safe validating space to feel heard, to learn to take control of your emotions, to change problematic behaviors, learn effective coping mechanisms, process grief, move on from what no longer serves you, solve a problem, or even figure out what the problem is, I can help. Whatever symptoms you are experiencing, they are there to communicate something to you. I can help identify what that is, and what to do with that information.
What is it that has brought you to seek out therapy? If it is because you are looking for someone to provide a safe validating space to feel heard, to learn to take control of your emotions, to change problematic behaviors, learn effective coping mechanisms, process grief, move on from what no longer serves you, solve a problem, or even figure out what the problem is, I can help. Whatever symptoms you are experiencing, they are there to communicate something to you. I can help identify what that is, and what to do with that information.
(323) 417-6812 View (323) 417-6812
Photo of Sharen H Zadeh, LMFT, Inc , Marriage & Family Therapist in Encino, CA
Sharen H Zadeh, LMFT, Inc
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Encino, CA 91316  (Online Only)
My priority as a therapist is to provide my clients with a safe, trusting and nurturing environment so they feel heard, seen, understood and supported in their therapeutic journey. I am passionate about empowering individuals to be the best versions of themselves, reach their goals and live a rich, meaningful and fulfilling life. The modalities I employ are eclectic and depends on the needs of the client. I incorporate the principles of Positive Psychology and also utilize Solution Focused Therapy, Motivational Interviewing, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and mindfulness as my primary modalities.
My priority as a therapist is to provide my clients with a safe, trusting and nurturing environment so they feel heard, seen, understood and supported in their therapeutic journey. I am passionate about empowering individuals to be the best versions of themselves, reach their goals and live a rich, meaningful and fulfilling life. The modalities I employ are eclectic and depends on the needs of the client. I incorporate the principles of Positive Psychology and also utilize Solution Focused Therapy, Motivational Interviewing, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and mindfulness as my primary modalities.
(818) 208-4662 View (818) 208-4662
Photo of Fernando Vinuela, Marriage & Family Therapist in Encino, CA
Fernando Vinuela
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Encino, CA 91436  (Online Only)
In the best of cases our past can inform why we react to events in our lives in the present. The conclusions on which we based these reactions were adaptive at the time we incorporated them because the were SURVIVAL based. Today, these conclusions about ourselves, the world, and our place in may not be as adaptive as we may need. We have the power to rewire how we see and react to the world. Never has there been a time in our history as a species where this has been more important. Yesterday can inform us to the extent that we do not continue to make the same mistakes over and over expecting different results. Today, is a new day!
In the best of cases our past can inform why we react to events in our lives in the present. The conclusions on which we based these reactions were adaptive at the time we incorporated them because the were SURVIVAL based. Today, these conclusions about ourselves, the world, and our place in may not be as adaptive as we may need. We have the power to rewire how we see and react to the world. Never has there been a time in our history as a species where this has been more important. Yesterday can inform us to the extent that we do not continue to make the same mistakes over and over expecting different results. Today, is a new day!
(657) 315-1326 View (657) 315-1326

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Encino, CA

600+

Average cost per session

$190

Therapists in Encino, CA who prioritize treating:

95% Anxiety
89% Depression
87% Relationship Issues
77% Self Esteem
70% Coping Skills
69% Trauma and PTSD
65% Family Conflict

Average years in practice

13 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

58% Aetna
56% Cigna and Evernorth
47% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Encino, CA see their clients

72% In Person and Online
28% Online Only

Gender breakdown

81% Female
18% Male
1% Non-Binary

FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Encino?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.