Psychiatrists in South Dakota
Founded by Dr. Clay Pavlis in 2012, MWI Health is an organization built on connection, with a dedicated team of providers to help people live their lives to the fullest. Our expert staff is dedicated and compassionate about supporting our patients through individualized treatment plans, innovative solutions and a passion to improve their lives.
Founded by Dr. Clay Pavlis in 2012, MWI Health is an organization built on connection, with a dedicated team of providers to help people live their lives to the fullest. Our expert staff is dedicated and compassionate about supporting our patients through individualized treatment plans, innovative solutions and a passion to improve their lives.
We believe that we can help each patient get their life back. Each person’s mental health is affected by a wide variety of internal and external factors that can greatly affect how they respond to certain depression treatments. Starting with your first visit, we will take an in-depth look at your medical history, overall health, and more to put together a personalized treatment plan to help you start feeling your best.
We believe that we can help each patient get their life back. Each person’s mental health is affected by a wide variety of internal and external factors that can greatly affect how they respond to certain depression treatments. Starting with your first visit, we will take an in-depth look at your medical history, overall health, and more to put together a personalized treatment plan to help you start feeling your best.
Welcome to SD Telehealth, your go-to provider for telemedicine in South Dakota. We offer virtual consultations with a Certified Family Nurse Practitioner who is also an Adult Mental Health Clinical Nurse Specialist. Our easy-to-use platform lets you connect with a healthcare provider from the comfort of your home or office. At SD Telehealth, we are committed to ensuring your privacy and confidentiality at every step.
Welcome to SD Telehealth, your go-to provider for telemedicine in South Dakota. We offer virtual consultations with a Certified Family Nurse Practitioner who is also an Adult Mental Health Clinical Nurse Specialist. Our easy-to-use platform lets you connect with a healthcare provider from the comfort of your home or office. At SD Telehealth, we are committed to ensuring your privacy and confidentiality at every step.
Silver Lining Behavioral Health & Psychiatry PLLC
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, MSN, BA, RN, PMHNP
Verified Verified
Sioux Falls, SD 57106
I truly believe we all share the need to find purpose, to find answers to life’s most difficult questions, and I want to be the person to help you find them. To help you find the silver lining into every situation you are confronted with. Through education, therapy, lifestyle changes, and medication management I believe a person can find happiness and equilibrium in their life. It is important that each patient be treated holistically and that is why I will work on integrating mental health into your plan of care.
I truly believe we all share the need to find purpose, to find answers to life’s most difficult questions, and I want to be the person to help you find them. To help you find the silver lining into every situation you are confronted with. Through education, therapy, lifestyle changes, and medication management I believe a person can find happiness and equilibrium in their life. It is important that each patient be treated holistically and that is why I will work on integrating mental health into your plan of care.
I have a passion for designing specialized treatment plans tailored to analyzing and caring for the root elements of mental health. My solution based focus and patient orientated treatment style has attained consistent results. I apply an array of treatment modalities supporting the biological, psychological, and social dynamics of mental health.
I have a passion for designing specialized treatment plans tailored to analyzing and caring for the root elements of mental health. My solution based focus and patient orientated treatment style has attained consistent results. I apply an array of treatment modalities supporting the biological, psychological, and social dynamics of mental health.
Joseph Micci is an Advanced Practice Registered Nurse that has been board certified by the American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC) in Psychiatry to serve pediatric, adolescent, and adult clients. He graduated with his Bachelor of Science in Nursing from Texas Christian University where he then worked at John Peter Smith Hospital’s Department of Psychiatry for 6 years. He then completed his Master of Science in Nursing from Walden University. Joe works with clients experiencing mood disorders, anxiety disorders, trauma, psychotic disorders, and addiction disorders. He focuses on providing a calm and supportive environment.
Joseph Micci is an Advanced Practice Registered Nurse that has been board certified by the American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC) in Psychiatry to serve pediatric, adolescent, and adult clients. He graduated with his Bachelor of Science in Nursing from Texas Christian University where he then worked at John Peter Smith Hospital’s Department of Psychiatry for 6 years. He then completed his Master of Science in Nursing from Walden University. Joe works with clients experiencing mood disorders, anxiety disorders, trauma, psychotic disorders, and addiction disorders. He focuses on providing a calm and supportive environment.
My ideal client seeks to enhance their quality of life through mental health support. Struggling with ADHD, depression, anxiety, mood disorders, grief, or other symptoms, they aspire for holistic well-being. Eager for personalized care, they value a board-certified PMHNP's expertise. With a healthcare background since 2002, I aim to collaboratively address their unique challenges, fostering resilience and empowering them to lead fulfilling lives.
My ideal client seeks to enhance their quality of life through mental health support. Struggling with ADHD, depression, anxiety, mood disorders, grief, or other symptoms, they aspire for holistic well-being. Eager for personalized care, they value a board-certified PMHNP's expertise. With a healthcare background since 2002, I aim to collaboratively address their unique challenges, fostering resilience and empowering them to lead fulfilling lives.
VirtualPsychiatricCare.com
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, MSN, APRN, PMHNP
Verified Verified
Online Only
Accepting new patients via telehealth visits in South Dakota for psychiatric evaluations and medication management. We treat anyone suffering with depression, anxiety, or other mental health issue adversely affecting optimal functioning at work, deterring their best social self, or preventing being fully present for loved ones. Our clients are looking to be properly diagnosed and treated using the safest prescribing principles. Make your appointment on our website. Evening and weekend hours are available. We offer affordable rates-Initial Psychiatric Eval $199, Follow-ups $99. Accepting some insurance plans.
Accepting new patients via telehealth visits in South Dakota for psychiatric evaluations and medication management. We treat anyone suffering with depression, anxiety, or other mental health issue adversely affecting optimal functioning at work, deterring their best social self, or preventing being fully present for loved ones. Our clients are looking to be properly diagnosed and treated using the safest prescribing principles. Make your appointment on our website. Evening and weekend hours are available. We offer affordable rates-Initial Psychiatric Eval $199, Follow-ups $99. Accepting some insurance plans.
Kimberly Oberloh
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, DNP, PMHNP-C, FNP
Verified Verified
Rapid City, SD 57701
I am a psychiatric nurse practitioner who specializes both in mental health and primary care. I am excited to announce that my partner CNP Laura Schirber and I will be opening our mental health care clinic, Optimum Mental Healthcare Professionals soon. I see a wide range of kids, adolescents, and adults for mental health. Phone number 605-716-3609. More info to come.
I am a psychiatric nurse practitioner who specializes both in mental health and primary care. I am excited to announce that my partner CNP Laura Schirber and I will be opening our mental health care clinic, Optimum Mental Healthcare Professionals soon. I see a wide range of kids, adolescents, and adults for mental health. Phone number 605-716-3609. More info to come.
Jennifer Pipitone
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, DNP, APRN, PMHNP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Sioux Falls, SD 57110
Just because something has been done one way for decades, does not mean that it is the right way or the only way. There is no such thing as a common treatment in mental health- psychotropic medications & psychotherapy are not one-size-fits-all. Each individual & their life story is unique, & therefore, so is each treatment.
Just because something has been done one way for decades, does not mean that it is the right way or the only way. There is no such thing as a common treatment in mental health- psychotropic medications & psychotherapy are not one-size-fits-all. Each individual & their life story is unique, & therefore, so is each treatment.
Anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, substance use disorder, eating disorders, insomnia, obsessive compulsive disorder, schizophrenia, panic disorder, social anxiety
Anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, substance use disorder, eating disorders, insomnia, obsessive compulsive disorder, schizophrenia, panic disorder, social anxiety
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Steven John Meek
Bloom Mental Health and Wellness
Brightside Health
Laura Schirber
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, DNP, PMHNP, FNP
Verified Verified
Rapid City, SD 57701
I am a dual certified psychiatric and family nurse practitioner in Rapid City. I am excited to start a new practice with my partner Kimberly Oberloh, CNP at Optimum Mental Healthcare Professionals. Our focus is on brain and body to help patients optimize their mental and physical health. We are licensed in South Dakota, Wyoming, Minnesota, and North Dakota. We offer in person and telehealth appointments.
I am a dual certified psychiatric and family nurse practitioner in Rapid City. I am excited to start a new practice with my partner Kimberly Oberloh, CNP at Optimum Mental Healthcare Professionals. Our focus is on brain and body to help patients optimize their mental and physical health. We are licensed in South Dakota, Wyoming, Minnesota, and North Dakota. We offer in person and telehealth appointments.
Silver Lining Integrative Psychiatry, PLLC
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner
Verified Verified
Sioux Falls, SD 57106
We provide psychiatric medication management via telehealth and in person for Sioux Falls, SD, Yankton, SD, and Luverne, MN with telehealth in Aberdeen, SD & office coming available soon. Nebraska, Iowa, & Washington State telehealth only. Providers licensed in SD, MN, NE, IA, WA. Through a blend of medication management, psychotherapy, and therapeutic interventions, quality psychiatric patient care we strive not only to alleviate symptoms but also to enhance overall well-being and promote long-term recovery. Computerized ADHD testing also available for current & future medication management patients of Silver Lining.
We provide psychiatric medication management via telehealth and in person for Sioux Falls, SD, Yankton, SD, and Luverne, MN with telehealth in Aberdeen, SD & office coming available soon. Nebraska, Iowa, & Washington State telehealth only. Providers licensed in SD, MN, NE, IA, WA. Through a blend of medication management, psychotherapy, and therapeutic interventions, quality psychiatric patient care we strive not only to alleviate symptoms but also to enhance overall well-being and promote long-term recovery. Computerized ADHD testing also available for current & future medication management patients of Silver Lining.
Nicole Altman
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, APRN, PMHNP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Aberdeen, SD 57401
“I believe psychiatry is not only a science but also an art. Every person is unique, and therefore the approach to their treatment should be unique. I strive to provide holistic, individualized, collaborative and evidence-based care while meeting people where they’re at. I thoroughly believe in removing the stigma associated with mental health”.
“I believe psychiatry is not only a science but also an art. Every person is unique, and therefore the approach to their treatment should be unique. I strive to provide holistic, individualized, collaborative and evidence-based care while meeting people where they’re at. I thoroughly believe in removing the stigma associated with mental health”.
Shjade Smith
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Sioux Falls, SD 57108
Shjade approaches psychiatry from a holistic frame - considering lifestyle, nutrition, vitamin deficiencies, medical conditions, and work in counseling. Shjade has experience working on the Brain and Spine unit, Oncology, Pediatrics, Home Hospice, with adolescents and adults in drug rehabilitation, and veterans.
Shjade approaches psychiatry from a holistic frame - considering lifestyle, nutrition, vitamin deficiencies, medical conditions, and work in counseling. Shjade has experience working on the Brain and Spine unit, Oncology, Pediatrics, Home Hospice, with adolescents and adults in drug rehabilitation, and veterans.
We all tend to seek help when what we are doing is no longer working, or we feel stuck , dissatisfied or our life is out of control, or someone we care about says that we should get help. I view these pivotal moments as potential moments of alchemy, if we are willing to be mindful with what is, staying with our experience and working through it. Remaining mindFUL allows the experience to teach us what we are supposed to learn, if we are open to it. I am here to support you as you go through your journey, face your challenges, identify patterns with you that keep you feel stuck so that you can be more free to be your best self.
We all tend to seek help when what we are doing is no longer working, or we feel stuck , dissatisfied or our life is out of control, or someone we care about says that we should get help. I view these pivotal moments as potential moments of alchemy, if we are willing to be mindful with what is, staying with our experience and working through it. Remaining mindFUL allows the experience to teach us what we are supposed to learn, if we are open to it. I am here to support you as you go through your journey, face your challenges, identify patterns with you that keep you feel stuck so that you can be more free to be your best self.
Integrative Psychiatry with a Holistic Approach
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP, ARNP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Sioux Falls, SD 57105
I am a board-certified Family Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner. The services I provide include psychiatric diagnostic evaluations, psychoeducation, as well as an evidence-based practice of medication prescribing and management. I enjoy working with individuals throughout the lifespan from ages 5 and up and have experience in helping people with anxiety, ADD/ADHD, depression, panic, bipolar disorders, psychotic symptoms, and PTSD, among other diagnoses as well. I wouldn’t be where I am without those who've helped me along the way. That’s why I love using my passion and skills to make a difference.
I am a board-certified Family Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner. The services I provide include psychiatric diagnostic evaluations, psychoeducation, as well as an evidence-based practice of medication prescribing and management. I enjoy working with individuals throughout the lifespan from ages 5 and up and have experience in helping people with anxiety, ADD/ADHD, depression, panic, bipolar disorders, psychotic symptoms, and PTSD, among other diagnoses as well. I wouldn’t be where I am without those who've helped me along the way. That’s why I love using my passion and skills to make a difference.
At T-Force Health, I serve clients who are seeking convenient and comprehensive mental health care through telehealth. My clients grapple with busy schedules, limited provider availability, and geographical barriers. Clients need flexible scheduling, access to mental health care, and comprehensive services, that includes therapy and medication management all in one visit. The ideal client is looking to improve mental well-being, manage symptoms, and lead a balanced life. All of this can be achieved through my practice at T-Force Health with guaranteed privacy and anonymity on the clients time.
At T-Force Health, I serve clients who are seeking convenient and comprehensive mental health care through telehealth. My clients grapple with busy schedules, limited provider availability, and geographical barriers. Clients need flexible scheduling, access to mental health care, and comprehensive services, that includes therapy and medication management all in one visit. The ideal client is looking to improve mental well-being, manage symptoms, and lead a balanced life. All of this can be achieved through my practice at T-Force Health with guaranteed privacy and anonymity on the clients time.
My ideal clients span all ages and may struggle with conditions such as depression, anxiety, ADHD, bipolar disorder, severe mental illness, trauma, and substance use. They seek comprehensive evaluations and effective strategies to relieve symptoms and enhance mental wellness. My goal is to empower each client with personalized care and support, helping them manage their challenges and improve their overall quality of life.
My ideal clients span all ages and may struggle with conditions such as depression, anxiety, ADHD, bipolar disorder, severe mental illness, trauma, and substance use. They seek comprehensive evaluations and effective strategies to relieve symptoms and enhance mental wellness. My goal is to empower each client with personalized care and support, helping them manage their challenges and improve their overall quality of life.
Jesse Tucker is a Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner that has been board certified in Psychiatric-Mental Health nursing, both for pediatric and adult populations. Jesse also obtained his post-graduate certification in addiction nursing. He enjoys working with those that are open to growth and ready for change. Vulnerability is embraced while still supporting accountability in the journey of wellness. He has almost 20 years of professional experience in the mental health industry and has been committed to helping others with passion.
Jesse Tucker is a Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner that has been board certified in Psychiatric-Mental Health nursing, both for pediatric and adult populations. Jesse also obtained his post-graduate certification in addiction nursing. He enjoys working with those that are open to growth and ready for change. Vulnerability is embraced while still supporting accountability in the journey of wellness. He has almost 20 years of professional experience in the mental health industry and has been committed to helping others with passion.
See more therapy options for South Dakota
How does your Psychiatrist compare?
Average cost per session
$299
Psychiatrists in South Dakota who prioritize treating:
93% | Depression |
93% | Anxiety |
86% | Obsessive-Compulsive (OCD) |
86% | Trauma and PTSD |
86% | Bipolar Disorder |
79% | Medication Management |
76% | ADHD |
Average years in practice
5 Years
Top 3 insurances accepted
74% | BlueCross and BlueShield |
61% | Aetna |
57% | Medicare |
How Psychiatrists in South Dakota see their clients
73% | In Person and Online | |
27% | Online Only |
Gender breakdown
81% | Female | |
19% | Male |
FAQs - About Psychiatrists and Psychiatric Nurses
How can I find a psychiatrist in South Dakota?
The Psychology Today Directory enables users to search specifically for psychiatrists by selecting the provider type from the drop-down menu, and filtering results by city, zip code, or the psychiatrist's name. The search results feature detailed profiles that outline each professional's treatment approach, areas of expertise, credentials, fees, payment options, and accepted insurance. Results include both psychiatrists (MDs) and psychiatric mental health nurse practitioners (PMHNPs), who hold advanced practice nursing degrees. Users can refine their search for a specific type of psychiatric provider using the "Provider Type" filter.
What is the difference between a psychiatrist and a psychologist?
Psychiatrists are medical specialists dedicated to understanding, diagnosing, and treating brain disorders and mental health conditions. As physicians, they are trained to identify the often subtle biological factors underlying mental disorders and to monitor how mental health treatments may impact other physical conditions, such as heart disease. Psychiatrists are licensed to prescribe medication and typically conduct shorter sessions that focus on medication management rather than intensive psychotherapy.
In contrast, psychologists are particularly attuned to the impact of early experiences on development, behavior, emotions, and cognitive processes. They often take a holistic approach to assessing and treating clients, considering aspects of personality and social functioning. Although psychologists cannot prescribe medication, they are frequently skilled in administering psychological tests—such as IQ tests, personality assessments, and behavioral evaluations—to assess an individual's functioning. Psychologists often engage in longer, more psychotherapy-focused sessions compared to psychiatrists.
In contrast, psychologists are particularly attuned to the impact of early experiences on development, behavior, emotions, and cognitive processes. They often take a holistic approach to assessing and treating clients, considering aspects of personality and social functioning. Although psychologists cannot prescribe medication, they are frequently skilled in administering psychological tests—such as IQ tests, personality assessments, and behavioral evaluations—to assess an individual's functioning. Psychologists often engage in longer, more psychotherapy-focused sessions compared to psychiatrists.
What is a psychiatric nurse practitioner and what is the difference with a psychiatrist?
A psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner (PMHNP), also known as a mental health nurse practitioner or psychiatric nurse practitioner, is an advanced practice registered nurse (APRN) who has completed advanced training in psychiatric care, earning at least a master’s degree in psychiatric nursing. To become Board-Certified (PMHNP-BC), psychiatric nurse practitioners must also pass a national exam that tests their clinical psychiatric knowledge.
Like psychiatrists, PMHNPs are trained to assess, diagnose, and treat mental health conditions. However, PMHNPs and psychiatrists differ in their training experience. While PMHNPs can complete their credentialing requirements (full bachelor's and master's degree training) in as few as 6 years, psychiatrists often spend upwards of 12 years to complete their bachelor's, medical doctorate degree, and residency training requirements. Because of training differences, some states require PMHNPs to be supervised by or enter into a collaborative agreement with a physician in order to prescribe medication.
When deciding to work with a psychiatrist or PMHNP, clients should consider factors such therapeutic fit, cost, and availability. Psychiatrists may have more substantial training in treating more severe psychiatric conditions, as well as in providing more specialized treatment services, such as child psychiatry. However, psychiatrists may be inaccessible to some clients, as their cost and availability may be prohibitive. It can often be easier for clients to find a PMHNP with openings for new clients when compared to psychiatrists, and PMHNPs may also offer lower cost treatment options for clients looking to minimize out-of-pocket costs.
Like psychiatrists, PMHNPs are trained to assess, diagnose, and treat mental health conditions. However, PMHNPs and psychiatrists differ in their training experience. While PMHNPs can complete their credentialing requirements (full bachelor's and master's degree training) in as few as 6 years, psychiatrists often spend upwards of 12 years to complete their bachelor's, medical doctorate degree, and residency training requirements. Because of training differences, some states require PMHNPs to be supervised by or enter into a collaborative agreement with a physician in order to prescribe medication.
When deciding to work with a psychiatrist or PMHNP, clients should consider factors such therapeutic fit, cost, and availability. Psychiatrists may have more substantial training in treating more severe psychiatric conditions, as well as in providing more specialized treatment services, such as child psychiatry. However, psychiatrists may be inaccessible to some clients, as their cost and availability may be prohibitive. It can often be easier for clients to find a PMHNP with openings for new clients when compared to psychiatrists, and PMHNPs may also offer lower cost treatment options for clients looking to minimize out-of-pocket costs.
Can a psychiatrist or a PMHNP prescribe medication?
The Psychology Today directory features two primary types of psychiatric professionals: psychiatrists and psychiatric mental health nurse practitioners (PMHNPs). Both are generally authorized to prescribe psychiatric medications. In 28 states, PMHNPs have full practice authority, allowing them to provide the complete spectrum of psychiatric care, including independent medication prescribing and management. In other states, however, PMHNPs are required to work under the supervision or in collaboration with a physician to prescribe medication. Both psychiatrists and PMHNPs may also offer additional services, such as psychotherapy, counseling, and care coordination, for clients seeking psychiatric care.
Do psychiatrists or PMHNPs offer therapy?
Both psychiatrists and psychiatric mental health nurse practitioners (PMHNPs) are generally trained in a number of treatment modalities, including traditional psychotherapy, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT), pharmacotherapy, and, occasionally, various somatic therapies. Typically, psychiatrists and PMHNPs make a diagnosis and determine a course of treatment based on chemical or biological factors, using lab tests, brain scans and physical and psychological evaluations.
While psychotherapy may be used in the first session to aid in diagnosis, it is not typically utilized in subsequent visits. In fact, after the introductory session, most psychiatry sessions may only be 15-20 minutes in length and are largely focused on medication management; this is frequently the case for both psychiatrists and PMHNPs. However, medication providers who do not offer psychotherapy usually work collaboratively with psychologists and other mental health clinicians who do offer these services, and they can refer clients seeking more traditional psychotherapy services to their care.
While psychotherapy may be used in the first session to aid in diagnosis, it is not typically utilized in subsequent visits. In fact, after the introductory session, most psychiatry sessions may only be 15-20 minutes in length and are largely focused on medication management; this is frequently the case for both psychiatrists and PMHNPs. However, medication providers who do not offer psychotherapy usually work collaboratively with psychologists and other mental health clinicians who do offer these services, and they can refer clients seeking more traditional psychotherapy services to their care.
How do I know if I need a psychiatrist, a PMHNP, or a therapist?
It is not always easy to know which type of mental health practitioner to choose. Many people are unaware of the root of their mental or behavioral problem and may be unaware of the differences in support provided by various mental health professionals. One way many people learn which type of care is best for them is by seeing their primary care provider (PCP) first. Depending on the nature and severity of the symptoms, the PCP may review their medical history and provide guidance or a referral to the appropriate type of provider.
A referral to a psychiatrist or PMHNP is most often made when a client is in need of psychiatric medication management or assessment. These professionals are specifically trained to prescribe psychiatric medications, when necessary, for a client; however, they generally do not provide supportive psychotherapy on an ongoing basis. A therapist or psychologist, in contrast, can provide supportive psychotherapy but is unable to prescribe medications. Because of their unique roles, some clients see both a medication prescriber (either a psychiatrist or PMHNP) and a therapist at the same time to address their psychiatric concerns holistically. Many psychiatrists and psychologists are very open to referring clients to other professionals if unable to meet the client's needs or if they think the client could use additional support from a different type of professional.
A referral to a psychiatrist or PMHNP is most often made when a client is in need of psychiatric medication management or assessment. These professionals are specifically trained to prescribe psychiatric medications, when necessary, for a client; however, they generally do not provide supportive psychotherapy on an ongoing basis. A therapist or psychologist, in contrast, can provide supportive psychotherapy but is unable to prescribe medications. Because of their unique roles, some clients see both a medication prescriber (either a psychiatrist or PMHNP) and a therapist at the same time to address their psychiatric concerns holistically. Many psychiatrists and psychologists are very open to referring clients to other professionals if unable to meet the client's needs or if they think the client could use additional support from a different type of professional.
Do I need a referral to see a psychiatrist or a PMHNP?
A referral to a psychiatrist or psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner (PMHNP) is often not required. However, consulting your primary care physician (PCP) first can be beneficial and may streamline the process of getting the care you need. Your PCP can help determine whether psychiatric care is necessary or if another type of mental health support might be more appropriate. Additionally, some insurance plans require a PCP referral to cover part or all of the costs associated with seeing a specialist. Obtaining a referral can also expedite the appointment process, particularly in areas with provider shortages or for clients seeking specialists in fields like child psychiatry.
Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed professional?
Yes, all professionals listed in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory are licensed to provide mental health services in the state(s) where they practice. The directory includes a variety of providers such as psychiatrists, psychiatric mental health nurse practitioners (PMHNPs), physician assistants, psychologists, social workers, and counselors. Each provider must hold a valid license issued by their state regulatory body to be listed. In addition, Psychology Today offers a verification process for certain providers, signified by a 'Verified' symbol next to their profile. This badge indicates that the provider’s primary credential or license has been independently verified by Psychology Today.