Photo of Jessica Clark, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner in New York, NY
Jessica Clark
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP-B
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10016  (Online Only)
Dr. Jessica Clark is an ANCC board-certified psychiatric/mental health nurse practitioner who specializes in medication prescription and management. She holds a doctorate in nursing practice from the University at Buffalo and bachelor of science in nursing from the University of Rochester. Before joining Rivia, Dr. Clark served as a psychiatric nurse practitioner in the U.S. Air Force where she worked with patients struggling with a wide- range of concerns including depression, anxiety, trauma, ADHD, mood and sleep issues, alcohol dependence, relationship issues, and general life stress.
Dr. Jessica Clark is an ANCC board-certified psychiatric/mental health nurse practitioner who specializes in medication prescription and management. She holds a doctorate in nursing practice from the University at Buffalo and bachelor of science in nursing from the University of Rochester. Before joining Rivia, Dr. Clark served as a psychiatric nurse practitioner in the U.S. Air Force where she worked with patients struggling with a wide- range of concerns including depression, anxiety, trauma, ADHD, mood and sleep issues, alcohol dependence, relationship issues, and general life stress.
(646) 859-3050 View (646) 859-3050
Photo of Graciana Lapetina, Psychiatrist in New York, NY
Graciana Lapetina
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10024
I believe effective treatment is a collaborative process. For over a decade, I have been helping individuals with a wide range of emotional difficulties, including anxiety disorders and depressive disorders as well as work and relationship problems, low self-esteem and low self-confidence. Individuals who come for help may not fully understand the nature of their difficulties, only that something is not quite right. Through a careful and thorough evaluation, we will work jointly to clarify your present concerns and determine a treatment modality to best address them, which may include psychotherapy and/or medications.
I believe effective treatment is a collaborative process. For over a decade, I have been helping individuals with a wide range of emotional difficulties, including anxiety disorders and depressive disorders as well as work and relationship problems, low self-esteem and low self-confidence. Individuals who come for help may not fully understand the nature of their difficulties, only that something is not quite right. Through a careful and thorough evaluation, we will work jointly to clarify your present concerns and determine a treatment modality to best address them, which may include psychotherapy and/or medications.
(212) 260-0534 View (212) 260-0534
Photo of Ali Haidar, Psychiatrist in New York, NY
Ali Haidar
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10003
I work with children, teenagers, adults and families struggling with relationship concerns, sexual identity, cultural identity, immigration stress as well as mood disorders and anxiety.
I am a psychiatrist working with adults, teens and children. Having received training in different psychotherapy modalities as well as pharmacotherapy, I strive to help people across the lifespan achieve their best selves. In my practice, I merge different psychotherapeutic approaches to provide an individualized treatment that best fits my patients and their families particularly when navigating cultural and racial identities. In our work together, I use my training as a child and adolescent psychiatrist to take into account the role of your culture and family of origin in informing your identity development from youth to adulthood
I work with children, teenagers, adults and families struggling with relationship concerns, sexual identity, cultural identity, immigration stress as well as mood disorders and anxiety.
I am a psychiatrist working with adults, teens and children. Having received training in different psychotherapy modalities as well as pharmacotherapy, I strive to help people across the lifespan achieve their best selves. In my practice, I merge different psychotherapeutic approaches to provide an individualized treatment that best fits my patients and their families particularly when navigating cultural and racial identities. In our work together, I use my training as a child and adolescent psychiatrist to take into account the role of your culture and family of origin in informing your identity development from youth to adulthood
(914) 685-8192 View (914) 685-8192
Photo of Allison M. R. Lee, Psychiatrist in New York, NY
Allison M. R. Lee
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
New York, NY 10016
I also have an interest in the relationship between mental health, technology, and "geek" culture.
I am committed to helping people address symptoms and difficulties compassionately and in ways that are tailored to the individual. I will listen carefully to you and make every effort to understand your unique preferences and needs. I have expertise in both psychotherapy and medication treatments and I will work with you to find the treatment plan that suits you best. My aim in psychotherapy is to help individuals relieve painful symptoms, achieve emotional freedom, and improve interpersonal relationships.
I also have an interest in the relationship between mental health, technology, and "geek" culture.
I am committed to helping people address symptoms and difficulties compassionately and in ways that are tailored to the individual. I will listen carefully to you and make every effort to understand your unique preferences and needs. I have expertise in both psychotherapy and medication treatments and I will work with you to find the treatment plan that suits you best. My aim in psychotherapy is to help individuals relieve painful symptoms, achieve emotional freedom, and improve interpersonal relationships.
(347) 354-1960 View (347) 354-1960
Photo of Brian Buggie, Psychiatrist in New York, NY
Brian Buggie
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
18 Endorsed
New York, NY 10011
I am a board certified, licensed psychiatrist trained to treat adults and older adolescents with all psychiatric issues ranging from depression, low self-esteem, anxiety, feelings of inadequacy, mood disturbances, substance abuse, sleeping difficulties, attention problems, relationship issues and work stress. I work in private practice and several psychiatric emergency rooms across NYC.
I am a board certified, licensed psychiatrist trained to treat adults and older adolescents with all psychiatric issues ranging from depression, low self-esteem, anxiety, feelings of inadequacy, mood disturbances, substance abuse, sleeping difficulties, attention problems, relationship issues and work stress. I work in private practice and several psychiatric emergency rooms across NYC.
(646) 699-3881 View (646) 699-3881
Photo of Christina Hollingsworth, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner in New York, NY
Christina Hollingsworth
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, NP, PMHNP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10017
Whether it’s help with depression, anxiety, insomnia, trauma, attention problems, relationship issues, or substance abuse-including opioid addiction, I will help guide and support you in the path to wellness and recovery.
Hi, I'm Christina Hollingsworth and I'm a board certified, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner (PMHNP) working in New York City. From my training at Columbia University to my years of practice in both outpatient and inpatient settings, I have worked with many patients from all walks of life. I primarily offer medication management, but strongly believe in the importance of supportive therapy and the behavioral changes that a person can engage in to live a happy and healthy life. It's important for me to collaborate with all of my patients to create a comprehensive treatment plan that works for your individual needs and unique goals.
Whether it’s help with depression, anxiety, insomnia, trauma, attention problems, relationship issues, or substance abuse-including opioid addiction, I will help guide and support you in the path to wellness and recovery.
Hi, I'm Christina Hollingsworth and I'm a board certified, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner (PMHNP) working in New York City. From my training at Columbia University to my years of practice in both outpatient and inpatient settings, I have worked with many patients from all walks of life. I primarily offer medication management, but strongly believe in the importance of supportive therapy and the behavioral changes that a person can engage in to live a happy and healthy life. It's important for me to collaborate with all of my patients to create a comprehensive treatment plan that works for your individual needs and unique goals.
(646) 576-7227 View (646) 576-7227
Photo of Angeliki Pesiridou, Psychiatrist in New York, NY
Angeliki Pesiridou
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
New York, NY 10010
I was born and raised in Athens, Greece and attended medical school in Padua, Italy. I completed my psychiatric residency at Mount Sinai West (formerly known as St. Luke's Roosevelt) hospital in New York. I completed my sex therapy training at the University of Michigan. I have extensive experience working with the LGBTQIA+ population. I am able to conduct evaluations and write letters for gender marker changes, hormone therapy, and gender affirming surgery procedures. Furthermore I am working with non-monogamy/polyamory, BDSM/Kink, relationship issues, sex therapy, sex work and trauma issues.
I was born and raised in Athens, Greece and attended medical school in Padua, Italy. I completed my psychiatric residency at Mount Sinai West (formerly known as St. Luke's Roosevelt) hospital in New York. I completed my sex therapy training at the University of Michigan. I have extensive experience working with the LGBTQIA+ population. I am able to conduct evaluations and write letters for gender marker changes, hormone therapy, and gender affirming surgery procedures. Furthermore I am working with non-monogamy/polyamory, BDSM/Kink, relationship issues, sex therapy, sex work and trauma issues.
(929) 254-4039 View (929) 254-4039
Photo of Adriel Gerard, Psychiatrist in New York, NY
Adriel Gerard
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
New York, NY 10005
I have extensive experience treating a wide range of conditions and helping with relationship, work, and body-image issues.
I bring my sense of humor and upbeat personality to every session, and I am deeply dedicated to working to help you feel better. I'm a board-certified psychiatrist who provides medication management and psychotherapy to adults. We can work together to address your everyday challenges and the issues that cause you stress, fear, and depression. I also provide Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, which works in the "here and now" to address your thought processes and behaviors to help you feel happier. I offer flexible appointment times, including on weekends at my private office in Brooklyn Heights.
I have extensive experience treating a wide range of conditions and helping with relationship, work, and body-image issues.
I bring my sense of humor and upbeat personality to every session, and I am deeply dedicated to working to help you feel better. I'm a board-certified psychiatrist who provides medication management and psychotherapy to adults. We can work together to address your everyday challenges and the issues that cause you stress, fear, and depression. I also provide Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, which works in the "here and now" to address your thought processes and behaviors to help you feel happier. I offer flexible appointment times, including on weekends at my private office in Brooklyn Heights.
(516) 252-0191 View (516) 252-0191
Photo of Jennifer Regeer, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner in New York, NY
Jennifer Regeer
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, DNP, PMHNP, FNP, BC
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10001
I am committed to supporting people in their journey to overcome childhood wounds and patterns and create fulfillment in their adult lives. I welcome working with all people helping to explore and affect meaningful change in their lives. I have most experience working with people suffering from anxiety, mood disorders, depression, relationship problems and/or addictions. However, I welcome all and look forward to collaborating with you to achieve optimal health and growth.
I am committed to supporting people in their journey to overcome childhood wounds and patterns and create fulfillment in their adult lives. I welcome working with all people helping to explore and affect meaningful change in their lives. I have most experience working with people suffering from anxiety, mood disorders, depression, relationship problems and/or addictions. However, I welcome all and look forward to collaborating with you to achieve optimal health and growth.
(631) 201-5793 View (631) 201-5793
Photo of Joseph Mouallem, Psychiatrist in New York, NY
Joseph Mouallem
Psychiatrist, MD, JD
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10013
Waitlist for new clients
Dr. Mouallem is a board-certified psychiatrist and psychotherapist specialized in evaluating and treating individuals with a wide range of issues, including depression and anxiety, relationship and career concerns, self-esteem problems, grief and loss. He has a special interest and focus in issues of early adulthood, reproductive psychiatry, and life transitions. After an extensive evaluation, you will work together to establish a plan of care that may include talk therapy, medication, or both when indicated. He has a warm and open-minded approach to care that is challenging and collaborative, thoughtful and thorough.
Dr. Mouallem is a board-certified psychiatrist and psychotherapist specialized in evaluating and treating individuals with a wide range of issues, including depression and anxiety, relationship and career concerns, self-esteem problems, grief and loss. He has a special interest and focus in issues of early adulthood, reproductive psychiatry, and life transitions. After an extensive evaluation, you will work together to establish a plan of care that may include talk therapy, medication, or both when indicated. He has a warm and open-minded approach to care that is challenging and collaborative, thoughtful and thorough.
(646) 969-3519 View (646) 969-3519
Photo of Menekse Alpay, Psychiatrist in New York, NY
Menekse Alpay
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10024
I work with individuals who have anxiety, depression, mood disorders, insomnia, relationship problems, trauma history, medical illness, neurological illness, and/or individuals who are helping family members with these problems. My experience over the last 25 years in psychiatry has shown that medications are helpful but do not take care of all problems in life. I offer combined psychiatric treatment. I received my psychiatric residency training from Georgetown University Hospital and fellowship in Psychosomatic Medicine from Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School.
I work with individuals who have anxiety, depression, mood disorders, insomnia, relationship problems, trauma history, medical illness, neurological illness, and/or individuals who are helping family members with these problems. My experience over the last 25 years in psychiatry has shown that medications are helpful but do not take care of all problems in life. I offer combined psychiatric treatment. I received my psychiatric residency training from Georgetown University Hospital and fellowship in Psychosomatic Medicine from Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School.
(617) 231-9618 View (617) 231-9618
Photo of GraceNP in Psych.P.C, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner in New York, NY
GraceNP in Psych.P.C
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, DNP, MSN, ANP-BC, PNP-BC
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10027
Grace Nurse Practitioner in Psychiatry of Bronx New York in a private practice. Dr. Grace is the founder and she has been practicing as a psychiatric Nurse practitioner for about 22 years, specializing in medication management. In my private practice, I address a variety of emotional conditions not limited to depression, ADHD, Anxiety, stress work released and relationship issues through collaborative exploration, confidential, compassionate and non-judgmental environment. Grace A. Adepoju is currently employed as a Nurse Practitioner in Psychiatric at the New Beginning Community Mental Health Center in the South Bronx, NY.
Grace Nurse Practitioner in Psychiatry of Bronx New York in a private practice. Dr. Grace is the founder and she has been practicing as a psychiatric Nurse practitioner for about 22 years, specializing in medication management. In my private practice, I address a variety of emotional conditions not limited to depression, ADHD, Anxiety, stress work released and relationship issues through collaborative exploration, confidential, compassionate and non-judgmental environment. Grace A. Adepoju is currently employed as a Nurse Practitioner in Psychiatric at the New Beginning Community Mental Health Center in the South Bronx, NY.
(347) 756-4779 View (347) 756-4779
Photo of Dr. Devesh Jalan, Psychiatrist in New York, NY
Dr. Devesh Jalan
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10016
Jalan’s clinical approach is a strong emphasis on establishing trust and building a therapeutic relationship to help patients achieve their goals.
A distinguished graduate of Rutgers University and St. George's University School of Medicine, Dr. Devesh Jalan is a board-certified psychiatrist who specializes in providing patient-centered care. After serving as an attending psychiatrist for family health centers in Florida and California caring for patients in both inpatient and outpatient settings, Dr. Jalan brings a wealth of experience to his work with patients at NYC Psychiatric Associates.
Jalan’s clinical approach is a strong emphasis on establishing trust and building a therapeutic relationship to help patients achieve their goals.
A distinguished graduate of Rutgers University and St. George's University School of Medicine, Dr. Devesh Jalan is a board-certified psychiatrist who specializes in providing patient-centered care. After serving as an attending psychiatrist for family health centers in Florida and California caring for patients in both inpatient and outpatient settings, Dr. Jalan brings a wealth of experience to his work with patients at NYC Psychiatric Associates.
(347) 921-9689 x1 View (347) 921-9689 x1
Photo of Rachel Wiedermann, Psychiatrist in New York, NY
Rachel Wiedermann
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10025
I am a Manhattan-based psychiatrist trained in both medication management and psychotherapy who provides personalized, trauma-informed treatment for a variety of conditions. Areas of focus include depression and other mood disorders, anxiety, personality, stress and trauma-related disorders, psychosis, focus and compulsive disorders, relationship strain, life transitions, career stresses, gender dysphoria, gender transitions and myriad other challenges. During your initial consultation, we will begin with a comprehensive psychiatric assessment, and will discuss your current concerns, past experiences and long-term goals.
I am a Manhattan-based psychiatrist trained in both medication management and psychotherapy who provides personalized, trauma-informed treatment for a variety of conditions. Areas of focus include depression and other mood disorders, anxiety, personality, stress and trauma-related disorders, psychosis, focus and compulsive disorders, relationship strain, life transitions, career stresses, gender dysphoria, gender transitions and myriad other challenges. During your initial consultation, we will begin with a comprehensive psychiatric assessment, and will discuss your current concerns, past experiences and long-term goals.
(347) 712-3917 View (347) 712-3917
Photo of Andrei Moroz, Psychiatrist in New York, NY
Andrei Moroz
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10010
I'm a board-certified psychiatrist whose specialty is psychodynamic psychotherapy and psychoanalysis. I treat people suffering with depression, anxiety, obsessive thoughts, inattention, low self-esteem, gender/sexuality issues, trauma, grief, and relationship or work difficulties. While my focus is therapy, I use medication when necessary.
I'm a board-certified psychiatrist whose specialty is psychodynamic psychotherapy and psychoanalysis. I treat people suffering with depression, anxiety, obsessive thoughts, inattention, low self-esteem, gender/sexuality issues, trauma, grief, and relationship or work difficulties. While my focus is therapy, I use medication when necessary.
(914) 233-3064 View (914) 233-3064
Photo of Victoriya Slavich, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner in New York, NY
Victoriya Slavich
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10128  (Online Only)
Victoriya has experience in working with individuals, couples and families of diverse ages and cultural backgrounds experiencing anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, compulsive behaviors, ADHD/ADD, relationship conflicts, sexual issues, life transitions, professional difficulties, post-traumatic stress, personality disorders, substance abuse and addiction.
Victoriya utilizes a culturally competent and holistic approach that is tailored to each client’s individual needs, understanding that everyone’s path to wellbeing is a unique journey. She combines her knowledge of psychopharmacology and psychotherapy to provide each client with a treatment plan that aligns with their goals and lifestyle. She strives to create a safe space for clients to feel empowered to be active participants in their mental health care. She utilizes rational emotive behavior therapy and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing alongside medication management to tailor each client’s treatment plan.
Victoriya has experience in working with individuals, couples and families of diverse ages and cultural backgrounds experiencing anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, compulsive behaviors, ADHD/ADD, relationship conflicts, sexual issues, life transitions, professional difficulties, post-traumatic stress, personality disorders, substance abuse and addiction.
Victoriya utilizes a culturally competent and holistic approach that is tailored to each client’s individual needs, understanding that everyone’s path to wellbeing is a unique journey. She combines her knowledge of psychopharmacology and psychotherapy to provide each client with a treatment plan that aligns with their goals and lifestyle. She strives to create a safe space for clients to feel empowered to be active participants in their mental health care. She utilizes rational emotive behavior therapy and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing alongside medication management to tailor each client’s treatment plan.
(646) 776-3647 View (646) 776-3647
Photo of Alicia Salzer, Psychiatrist in New York, NY
Alicia Salzer
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10038  (Online Only)
, Substance Use, Binge Eating, ADHD testing & treatment, OCD, sleep problems, work/life balance, issues related to corporate life/culture/politics, relationship issues, IVF, Infidelity, non-traditional relationships, parenting and LGBTQI related issues.
Thank you for your interest in the practice. Let's see if we would be a good fit for you... (Please be advised that at this time all spots for United healthcare, Oxford and UMR are FULL. Dr Salzer's clients say she is warm, empathic, collaborative and makes them feel heard and cared about. But most importantly they know they are in good hands and that helps is on the way. We use an integrated approach incorporating several modalities of psychotherapy +/- evidence based psychopharmacology. Many of our clients are seen for therapy alone and are not treated with medications.
, Substance Use, Binge Eating, ADHD testing & treatment, OCD, sleep problems, work/life balance, issues related to corporate life/culture/politics, relationship issues, IVF, Infidelity, non-traditional relationships, parenting and LGBTQI related issues.
Thank you for your interest in the practice. Let's see if we would be a good fit for you... (Please be advised that at this time all spots for United healthcare, Oxford and UMR are FULL. Dr Salzer's clients say she is warm, empathic, collaborative and makes them feel heard and cared about. But most importantly they know they are in good hands and that helps is on the way. We use an integrated approach incorporating several modalities of psychotherapy +/- evidence based psychopharmacology. Many of our clients are seen for therapy alone and are not treated with medications.
(917) 525-4955 View (917) 525-4955
Photo of Aderonke Ayodele Oguntoye, Psychiatrist in New York, NY
Aderonke Ayodele Oguntoye
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10016
I am an ivy league trained psychiatrist who is double board certified in adult and forensic psychiatry. I provide psychotherapy (talk therapy) and/or psychopharmacology (medication) to high functioning adults. Conditions treated in this practice include but are not limited to mood disorders, adjustment disorders, anxiety disorders, psychotic illnesses, interpersonal/relationship difficulties as well as issues around trauma, grief and loss. This is not an exhaustive list of services. Please contact me directly to discuss your case and if this practice is right for you.
I am an ivy league trained psychiatrist who is double board certified in adult and forensic psychiatry. I provide psychotherapy (talk therapy) and/or psychopharmacology (medication) to high functioning adults. Conditions treated in this practice include but are not limited to mood disorders, adjustment disorders, anxiety disorders, psychotic illnesses, interpersonal/relationship difficulties as well as issues around trauma, grief and loss. This is not an exhaustive list of services. Please contact me directly to discuss your case and if this practice is right for you.
(646) 461-3611 View (646) 461-3611
Photo of Dr. Amanda Lefkowitz, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner in New York, NY
Dr. Amanda Lefkowitz
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, DNP, MA, PMHNP
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10016
I am a Board Certified Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner and I’d like to welcome you to my practice.  I am experienced in diagnosing, assessing, and providing inpatient and outpatient psychiatric care.  I prescribe medications within the context of a holistic and culturally sensitive approach.   From genetic testing to bio-psycho-social assessment of your situation, I am dedicated to making thoughtful and informed treatment plans tailored to your specific needs. I recognize the value of healing within the context of a positive, supportive and safe relationship. I collaborate extensively with other health care providers in your team.
I am a Board Certified Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner and I’d like to welcome you to my practice.  I am experienced in diagnosing, assessing, and providing inpatient and outpatient psychiatric care.  I prescribe medications within the context of a holistic and culturally sensitive approach.   From genetic testing to bio-psycho-social assessment of your situation, I am dedicated to making thoughtful and informed treatment plans tailored to your specific needs. I recognize the value of healing within the context of a positive, supportive and safe relationship. I collaborate extensively with other health care providers in your team.
(516) 226-7902 View (516) 226-7902
Photo of Eric Yarbrough, Psychiatrist in New York, NY
Eric Yarbrough
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
New York, NY 10003
Some examples of the reasons why people see me are: Treatment of depression, anxiety, mood, and psychotic symptoms; LGBTQ-affirming psychotherapy; Gay Men's Mental Health needs; Stage of life issues and relationship difficulties; Sex Therapy - All sexual orientations and gender identities; Substance use concerns including buprenorphine treatment.
I started my training by completing medical school at the University of Alabama School of Medicine and completed my psychiatry residency at St. Luke's Roosevelt Hospital in New York City. For the first three years of my career I worked at St. Luke's Hospital both as Associate Training Director and as a general outpatient psychiatrist for patients, including those living with serious mental illness.
Some examples of the reasons why people see me are: Treatment of depression, anxiety, mood, and psychotic symptoms; LGBTQ-affirming psychotherapy; Gay Men's Mental Health needs; Stage of life issues and relationship difficulties; Sex Therapy - All sexual orientations and gender identities; Substance use concerns including buprenorphine treatment.
I started my training by completing medical school at the University of Alabama School of Medicine and completed my psychiatry residency at St. Luke's Roosevelt Hospital in New York City. For the first three years of my career I worked at St. Luke's Hospital both as Associate Training Director and as a general outpatient psychiatrist for patients, including those living with serious mental illness.
(646) 791-3007 View (646) 791-3007
Relationship Issues Psychiatrists
While need for human connection appears to be innate, the ability to form healthy, loving relationships is learned. Some evidence suggests that the ability to form a stable relationship starts to form in infancy, in a child's earliest experiences with a caregiver who reliably meets the infant's needs for food, care, warmth, protection, stimulation, and social contact. Such relationships are not destiny, but they are theorized to establish deeply ingrained patterns of relating to others. The end of a relationship, however, is often a source of great psychological anguish.