Psychiatrists in Newark, OH
Hello, I am Leslie Powell. I am a psychiatric nurse practitioner offering medication management services to help provide the chemical platform that can help you treat symptoms while you develop coping skills and resiliency. As much as possible, I encourage coping skills and healthy boundaries for long-term well-being. I prescribe medications for temporary periods to help you while you are growing those skills. We all hurt or struggle sometimes, we are all human. It's important to know that there are people to help when we need it.
Hello, I am Leslie Powell. I am a psychiatric nurse practitioner offering medication management services to help provide the chemical platform that can help you treat symptoms while you develop coping skills and resiliency. As much as possible, I encourage coping skills and healthy boundaries for long-term well-being. I prescribe medications for temporary periods to help you while you are growing those skills. We all hurt or struggle sometimes, we are all human. It's important to know that there are people to help when we need it.
Compassion, Experience, Empathy. That's what and who we are in short.
We take the patients who are tired of not being listened to, written off, treated like they don't know themselves. We want to know you and your story without rushing you through an appointment. It is YOUR appointment afterall, right?
It's just a nurse and nurse practitioner at the office who are both sassy and have no issues arguing insurance to get your treatment approved, sometimes with a splash of...bad words. Oops. You better believe our patients get what they need though! ; )
Compassion, Experience, Empathy. That's what and who we are in short.
We take the patients who are tired of not being listened to, written off, treated like they don't know themselves. We want to know you and your story without rushing you through an appointment. It is YOUR appointment afterall, right?
It's just a nurse and nurse practitioner at the office who are both sassy and have no issues arguing insurance to get your treatment approved, sometimes with a splash of...bad words. Oops. You better believe our patients get what they need though! ; )
Finding the right psychiatric care can feel overwhelming—like searching for a true ally. I make it simple for adults 18+. With years of experience, I offer a warm, nonjudgmental space where you’re truly heard and valued. Using compassionate guidance and genetic testing, we create personalized solutions that fit you—skipping trial-and-error.
Finding the right psychiatric care can feel overwhelming—like searching for a true ally. I make it simple for adults 18+. With years of experience, I offer a warm, nonjudgmental space where you’re truly heard and valued. Using compassionate guidance and genetic testing, we create personalized solutions that fit you—skipping trial-and-error.
(immediate openings within one week) VirtualPsych allows for telepsych healthcare remotely from your cell or computer at home. Our physicians specialize in the treatment of conditions such as anxiety, depression and bipolar disorder and have over 30 years of experience in psychiatry and mental health. We're committed to helping you find the right treatment plan that fits your needs.
(immediate openings within one week) VirtualPsych allows for telepsych healthcare remotely from your cell or computer at home. Our physicians specialize in the treatment of conditions such as anxiety, depression and bipolar disorder and have over 30 years of experience in psychiatry and mental health. We're committed to helping you find the right treatment plan that fits your needs.
As a Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner specializing in ADHD, anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, and psychosis, I am dedicated to helping individuals reclaim their lives from the challenges of these mental health conditions. My ideal client often struggles with persistent worry, difficulty focusing, mood fluctuations, or episodes of psychosis and seeks effective support and practical solutions to enhance their quality of life.
I offer personalized mental health care that combines medication management with evidence-based therapeutic interventions tailored to your unique needs.
As a Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner specializing in ADHD, anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, and psychosis, I am dedicated to helping individuals reclaim their lives from the challenges of these mental health conditions. My ideal client often struggles with persistent worry, difficulty focusing, mood fluctuations, or episodes of psychosis and seeks effective support and practical solutions to enhance their quality of life.
I offer personalized mental health care that combines medication management with evidence-based therapeutic interventions tailored to your unique needs.
We are now accepting clients in Columbus and Bowling Green! What does S.P.E.C.T.R.U.M. stand for? Safety. Pride. Education. Compassion. Truth. Respect. Unity. Mindfulness. Spectrum specializes in providing mental health and wellness services in an open, non-judgemental, AND affordable delivery model. We think outside of the box and tailor care to the individual. We pride ourselves on our affirming, holistic approach.
We are now accepting clients in Columbus and Bowling Green! What does S.P.E.C.T.R.U.M. stand for? Safety. Pride. Education. Compassion. Truth. Respect. Unity. Mindfulness. Spectrum specializes in providing mental health and wellness services in an open, non-judgemental, AND affordable delivery model. We think outside of the box and tailor care to the individual. We pride ourselves on our affirming, holistic approach.
Dr. Phaecia Ward has over a decade of experience and specializes in supporting African American adults and families. She employs an attachment-based approach to heal past emotional wounds and enhance relationship dynamics. This approach delves into the formation of emotional connections. It promotes deeper understanding and healing within individuals.
Dr. Phaecia Ward has over a decade of experience and specializes in supporting African American adults and families. She employs an attachment-based approach to heal past emotional wounds and enhance relationship dynamics. This approach delves into the formation of emotional connections. It promotes deeper understanding and healing within individuals.
More Psychiatrists Nearby
Everyone’s carrying something—old wounds, tough memories, patterns we wish we could break. I know what it’s like to wrestle with the past while trying to build a future that feels true to who you want to become. My goal is to help you work through those traumas and challenges, not by handing you quick fixes, but by walking alongside you as you find real solutions. Together, we’ll take the steps toward the version of yourself you’re hoping to meet—one that feels authentic, hopeful, and strong.
Everyone’s carrying something—old wounds, tough memories, patterns we wish we could break. I know what it’s like to wrestle with the past while trying to build a future that feels true to who you want to become. My goal is to help you work through those traumas and challenges, not by handing you quick fixes, but by walking alongside you as you find real solutions. Together, we’ll take the steps toward the version of yourself you’re hoping to meet—one that feels authentic, hopeful, and strong.
I have 15 years of experience specializing in the care of complex surgical, trauma and burn patients, with 13 of those years at The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center SICU. Prior to joining Lifestance I worked in community mental health and have experience with dual diagnosis and addiction treatment. I am able to assess, diagnose and treat a variety of mental health disorders and conditions using the most current evidenced based research. I am able to provide medication management as well as psychotherapy and CBT for a wide range of psychiatric conditions.
I have 15 years of experience specializing in the care of complex surgical, trauma and burn patients, with 13 of those years at The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center SICU. Prior to joining Lifestance I worked in community mental health and have experience with dual diagnosis and addiction treatment. I am able to assess, diagnose and treat a variety of mental health disorders and conditions using the most current evidenced based research. I am able to provide medication management as well as psychotherapy and CBT for a wide range of psychiatric conditions.
I believe that effective mental health care begins with feeling truly seen and understood. I bring a unique perspective to my practice as someone with both the clinical expertise of an MSN and the lived experience of navigating the complexities of behavioral health. My approach is shaped by over 15 years of healthcare experience—including a decade of academic training at Ohio University and over 4 years in psychiatry—but it is also deeply informed by my own personal journey.
As a board-certified psychiatric nurse practitioner, I specialize in diagnostic assessments and medication management for patients of all ages.
I believe that effective mental health care begins with feeling truly seen and understood. I bring a unique perspective to my practice as someone with both the clinical expertise of an MSN and the lived experience of navigating the complexities of behavioral health. My approach is shaped by over 15 years of healthcare experience—including a decade of academic training at Ohio University and over 4 years in psychiatry—but it is also deeply informed by my own personal journey.
As a board-certified psychiatric nurse practitioner, I specialize in diagnostic assessments and medication management for patients of all ages.
Hello, my name is Jane Aridge. I am a Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner. I have over twenty years of mental health and medical experience working with children and adults. I have experience treating a variety of mental health disorders including, but not limited to, depression, anxiety, ADHD, PTSD, OCD, Bipolar Disorder, and Schizophrenia. I utilize evidence-based practices when treating mental health disorders. I believe in working with clients and using a holistic approach when treating you or your loved one’s mental health disorders.
Hello, my name is Jane Aridge. I am a Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner. I have over twenty years of mental health and medical experience working with children and adults. I have experience treating a variety of mental health disorders including, but not limited to, depression, anxiety, ADHD, PTSD, OCD, Bipolar Disorder, and Schizophrenia. I utilize evidence-based practices when treating mental health disorders. I believe in working with clients and using a holistic approach when treating you or your loved one’s mental health disorders.
Hello, my name is Lindsay, and I am a board certified Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner practicing in the state of Ohio. I have been in practice as a PMHNP for 5 years and have been a nurse for approximately 15 years. My experience includes treating adults (18+) and older adults (65+) with acute and chronic mental health conditions. Some of the specialties I have more experience in includes anxiety disorders, depression, PTSD, bipolar disorder, dementia-related mental health symptoms, and psychosis.
Hello, my name is Lindsay, and I am a board certified Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner practicing in the state of Ohio. I have been in practice as a PMHNP for 5 years and have been a nurse for approximately 15 years. My experience includes treating adults (18+) and older adults (65+) with acute and chronic mental health conditions. Some of the specialties I have more experience in includes anxiety disorders, depression, PTSD, bipolar disorder, dementia-related mental health symptoms, and psychosis.
The mental healthcare relies on cultural acceptance and transparency. My main objective as a psychiatric mental health Nurse Practitioner, is to use my professional expertise and experiences to advocate for patients who struggle to be heard or respected, and to manage their treatment with compassion, empowering, solution oriented, and attention to holistic care. My ultimate professional goal is to work with mental health patients to achieve their highest level of mental wellbeing, despite of their physical, mental, and financial limitations.
The mental healthcare relies on cultural acceptance and transparency. My main objective as a psychiatric mental health Nurse Practitioner, is to use my professional expertise and experiences to advocate for patients who struggle to be heard or respected, and to manage their treatment with compassion, empowering, solution oriented, and attention to holistic care. My ultimate professional goal is to work with mental health patients to achieve their highest level of mental wellbeing, despite of their physical, mental, and financial limitations.
Immediate openings both virtual and in person with over 10 years of experience working with children, teens and adults. We provide medication management for Weight loss ,Mental Health and Substance Use. We can help you or your loved one achieve ideal healthy weight, ideal mental state or become free of addiction. Please feel free to share what you are going through. In certain situations, you may think of an Urgent Care location for physical ailments such as a severe asthma or allergies. However, this clinic is specifically designed for behavioral issues such as panic attacks, severe depressions or substance use crisis.
Immediate openings both virtual and in person with over 10 years of experience working with children, teens and adults. We provide medication management for Weight loss ,Mental Health and Substance Use. We can help you or your loved one achieve ideal healthy weight, ideal mental state or become free of addiction. Please feel free to share what you are going through. In certain situations, you may think of an Urgent Care location for physical ailments such as a severe asthma or allergies. However, this clinic is specifically designed for behavioral issues such as panic attacks, severe depressions or substance use crisis.
My name is Natasha Asante, and I am a Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner (PMHNP) dedicated to helping individuals improve their mental well-being. I graduated from the University of Toledo with a Bachelor’s Degree in Nursing in 2017, and since then, I have worked in various nursing specialties. Throughout my career, I developed a deep passion for mental health, which led me to pursue higher education.
My name is Natasha Asante, and I am a Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner (PMHNP) dedicated to helping individuals improve their mental well-being. I graduated from the University of Toledo with a Bachelor’s Degree in Nursing in 2017, and since then, I have worked in various nursing specialties. Throughout my career, I developed a deep passion for mental health, which led me to pursue higher education.
I am a board-certified Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner (PMHNP-BC) who manages and treats an array of mental health concerns including depression, anxiety, mood disorders, OCD, behavioral issues, and sleep/insomnia. I am passionate about providing quality, evidence-based, compassionate, and comprehensive mental health services. As a PMHNP, my role is multifaceted—serving as an educator, mental health advocate, supportive listener, and medication manager to help clients reach their goals.
I am a board-certified Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner (PMHNP-BC) who manages and treats an array of mental health concerns including depression, anxiety, mood disorders, OCD, behavioral issues, and sleep/insomnia. I am passionate about providing quality, evidence-based, compassionate, and comprehensive mental health services. As a PMHNP, my role is multifaceted—serving as an educator, mental health advocate, supportive listener, and medication manager to help clients reach their goals.
Hi, I'm Fardowsa - pronounced Far-doe-sa. My style as a psychiatric nurse practitioner is warm, flexible and down to earth. I believe in working with you to find the right path toward feeling better. During our conversations, you'll notice every interaction is very personalized — I’ll ask thoughtful questions, truly listen to your answers, and tailor your medication plan to fit your unique needs and goals. My clients often describe me as warm and easy to talk to, and many say they feel comfortable opening up right away.
Hi, I'm Fardowsa - pronounced Far-doe-sa. My style as a psychiatric nurse practitioner is warm, flexible and down to earth. I believe in working with you to find the right path toward feeling better. During our conversations, you'll notice every interaction is very personalized — I’ll ask thoughtful questions, truly listen to your answers, and tailor your medication plan to fit your unique needs and goals. My clients often describe me as warm and easy to talk to, and many say they feel comfortable opening up right away.
Greetings, I am a Licensed Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse practitioner based in Ohio. I received my second Master's from Kent State University.
Greetings, I am a Licensed Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse practitioner based in Ohio. I received my second Master's from Kent State University.
At Ardent Psychiatry, your recovery is our passion. We offer psychiatric evaluation, medication management and therapeutic services for most psychiatric illnesses across the life span. With a focus on treatment of trauma informed care, we strive to provide an environment conducive to healing and hospitality. Illnesses and disorders treated include but are not limited to anxiety, depression, trauma, bipolar spectrum and schizophrenia.
At Ardent Psychiatry, your recovery is our passion. We offer psychiatric evaluation, medication management and therapeutic services for most psychiatric illnesses across the life span. With a focus on treatment of trauma informed care, we strive to provide an environment conducive to healing and hospitality. Illnesses and disorders treated include but are not limited to anxiety, depression, trauma, bipolar spectrum and schizophrenia.
Your story matters, and I’m here to help you navigate it with compassion and clinical expertise. I offer virtual sessions for individuals seeking thoughtful, personalized support for mental health and substance use challenges. I specialize in treating depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, ADHD, and addictions involving opioids, alcohol, and other substances. Through respectful collaboration, I tailor medication management and talk therapy to your unique needs, creating a safe space for healing, growth, and lasting recovery.
Your story matters, and I’m here to help you navigate it with compassion and clinical expertise. I offer virtual sessions for individuals seeking thoughtful, personalized support for mental health and substance use challenges. I specialize in treating depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, ADHD, and addictions involving opioids, alcohol, and other substances. Through respectful collaboration, I tailor medication management and talk therapy to your unique needs, creating a safe space for healing, growth, and lasting recovery.
See more therapy options for Newark
How does your Psychiatrist compare?
Number of Psychiatrists in Newark, OH
< 10
Psychiatrists in Newark, OH who prioritize treating:
| 100% | Depression |
| 100% | Trauma and PTSD |
| 86% | Anxiety |
| 86% | ADHD |
| 86% | Bipolar Disorder |
| 71% | Obsessive-Compulsive (OCD) |
| 71% | Anger Management |
Average years in practice
11 Years
Top 3 insurances accepted
| 100% | Aetna |
| 100% | Cigna and Evernorth |
| 100% | UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH |
How Psychiatrists in Newark, OH see their clients
| 57% | Online Only | |
| 43% | In Person and Online |
Gender breakdown
| 80% | Female | |
| 20% | Male |
FAQs - About Psychiatrists and Psychiatric Nurses
How can I find a psychiatrist in Newark?
The Psychology Today Directory enables users to search specifically for psychiatrists by selecting the provider type from the drop-down menu, and filtering results by city, zip code, or the psychiatrist's name. The search results feature detailed profiles that outline each professional's treatment approach, areas of expertise, credentials, fees, payment options, and accepted insurance. Results include both psychiatrists (MDs) and psychiatric mental health nurse practitioners (PMHNPs), who hold advanced practice nursing degrees. Users can refine their search for a specific type of psychiatric provider using the "Provider Type" filter.
What is the difference between a psychiatrist and a psychologist?
Psychiatrists are medical specialists dedicated to understanding, diagnosing, and treating brain disorders and mental health conditions. As physicians, they are trained to identify the often subtle biological factors underlying mental disorders and to monitor how mental health treatments may impact other physical conditions, such as heart disease. Psychiatrists are licensed to prescribe medication and typically conduct shorter sessions that focus on medication management rather than intensive psychotherapy.
In contrast, psychologists are particularly attuned to the impact of early experiences on development, behavior, emotions, and cognitive processes. They often take a holistic approach to assessing and treating clients, considering aspects of personality and social functioning. Although psychologists cannot prescribe medication, they are frequently skilled in administering psychological tests—such as IQ tests, personality assessments, and behavioral evaluations—to assess an individual's functioning. Psychologists often engage in longer, more psychotherapy-focused sessions compared to psychiatrists.
In contrast, psychologists are particularly attuned to the impact of early experiences on development, behavior, emotions, and cognitive processes. They often take a holistic approach to assessing and treating clients, considering aspects of personality and social functioning. Although psychologists cannot prescribe medication, they are frequently skilled in administering psychological tests—such as IQ tests, personality assessments, and behavioral evaluations—to assess an individual's functioning. Psychologists often engage in longer, more psychotherapy-focused sessions compared to psychiatrists.
What is a psychiatric nurse practitioner and what is the difference with a psychiatrist?
A psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner (PMHNP), also known as a mental health nurse practitioner or psychiatric nurse practitioner, is an advanced practice registered nurse (APRN) who has completed advanced training in psychiatric care, earning at least a master’s degree in psychiatric nursing. To become Board-Certified (PMHNP-BC), psychiatric nurse practitioners must also pass a national exam that tests their clinical psychiatric knowledge.
Like psychiatrists, PMHNPs are trained to assess, diagnose, and treat mental health conditions. However, PMHNPs and psychiatrists differ in their training experience. While PMHNPs can complete their credentialing requirements (full bachelor's and master's degree training) in as few as 6 years, psychiatrists often spend upwards of 12 years to complete their bachelor's, medical doctorate degree, and residency training requirements. Because of training differences, some states require PMHNPs to be supervised by or enter into a collaborative agreement with a physician in order to prescribe medication.
When deciding to work with a psychiatrist or PMHNP, clients should consider factors such therapeutic fit, cost, and availability. Psychiatrists may have more substantial training in treating more severe psychiatric conditions, as well as in providing more specialized treatment services, such as child psychiatry. However, psychiatrists may be inaccessible to some clients, as their cost and availability may be prohibitive. It can often be easier for clients to find a PMHNP with openings for new clients when compared to psychiatrists, and PMHNPs may also offer lower cost treatment options for clients looking to minimize out-of-pocket costs.
Like psychiatrists, PMHNPs are trained to assess, diagnose, and treat mental health conditions. However, PMHNPs and psychiatrists differ in their training experience. While PMHNPs can complete their credentialing requirements (full bachelor's and master's degree training) in as few as 6 years, psychiatrists often spend upwards of 12 years to complete their bachelor's, medical doctorate degree, and residency training requirements. Because of training differences, some states require PMHNPs to be supervised by or enter into a collaborative agreement with a physician in order to prescribe medication.
When deciding to work with a psychiatrist or PMHNP, clients should consider factors such therapeutic fit, cost, and availability. Psychiatrists may have more substantial training in treating more severe psychiatric conditions, as well as in providing more specialized treatment services, such as child psychiatry. However, psychiatrists may be inaccessible to some clients, as their cost and availability may be prohibitive. It can often be easier for clients to find a PMHNP with openings for new clients when compared to psychiatrists, and PMHNPs may also offer lower cost treatment options for clients looking to minimize out-of-pocket costs.
Can a psychiatrist or a PMHNP prescribe medication?
The Psychology Today directory features two primary types of psychiatric professionals: psychiatrists and psychiatric mental health nurse practitioners (PMHNPs). Both are generally authorized to prescribe psychiatric medications. In 28 states, PMHNPs have full practice authority, allowing them to provide the complete spectrum of psychiatric care, including independent medication prescribing and management. In other states, however, PMHNPs are required to work under the supervision or in collaboration with a physician to prescribe medication. Both psychiatrists and PMHNPs may also offer additional services, such as psychotherapy, counseling, and care coordination, for clients seeking psychiatric care.
Do psychiatrists or PMHNPs offer therapy?
Both psychiatrists and psychiatric mental health nurse practitioners (PMHNPs) are generally trained in a number of treatment modalities, including traditional psychotherapy, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT), pharmacotherapy, and, occasionally, various somatic therapies. Typically, psychiatrists and PMHNPs make a diagnosis and determine a course of treatment based on chemical or biological factors, using lab tests, brain scans and physical and psychological evaluations.
While psychotherapy may be used in the first session to aid in diagnosis, it is not typically utilized in subsequent visits. In fact, after the introductory session, most psychiatry sessions may only be 15-20 minutes in length and are largely focused on medication management; this is frequently the case for both psychiatrists and PMHNPs. However, medication providers who do not offer psychotherapy usually work collaboratively with psychologists and other mental health clinicians who do offer these services, and they can refer clients seeking more traditional psychotherapy services to their care.
While psychotherapy may be used in the first session to aid in diagnosis, it is not typically utilized in subsequent visits. In fact, after the introductory session, most psychiatry sessions may only be 15-20 minutes in length and are largely focused on medication management; this is frequently the case for both psychiatrists and PMHNPs. However, medication providers who do not offer psychotherapy usually work collaboratively with psychologists and other mental health clinicians who do offer these services, and they can refer clients seeking more traditional psychotherapy services to their care.
How do I know if I need a psychiatrist, a PMHNP, or a therapist?
It is not always easy to know which type of mental health practitioner to choose. Many people are unaware of the root of their mental or behavioral problem and may be unaware of the differences in support provided by various mental health professionals. One way many people learn which type of care is best for them is by seeing their primary care provider (PCP) first. Depending on the nature and severity of the symptoms, the PCP may review their medical history and provide guidance or a referral to the appropriate type of provider.
A referral to a psychiatrist or PMHNP is most often made when a client is in need of psychiatric medication management or assessment. These professionals are specifically trained to prescribe psychiatric medications, when necessary, for a client; however, they generally do not provide supportive psychotherapy on an ongoing basis. A therapist or psychologist, in contrast, can provide supportive psychotherapy but is unable to prescribe medications. Because of their unique roles, some clients see both a medication prescriber (either a psychiatrist or PMHNP) and a therapist at the same time to address their psychiatric concerns holistically. Many psychiatrists and psychologists are very open to referring clients to other professionals if unable to meet the client's needs or if they think the client could use additional support from a different type of professional.
A referral to a psychiatrist or PMHNP is most often made when a client is in need of psychiatric medication management or assessment. These professionals are specifically trained to prescribe psychiatric medications, when necessary, for a client; however, they generally do not provide supportive psychotherapy on an ongoing basis. A therapist or psychologist, in contrast, can provide supportive psychotherapy but is unable to prescribe medications. Because of their unique roles, some clients see both a medication prescriber (either a psychiatrist or PMHNP) and a therapist at the same time to address their psychiatric concerns holistically. Many psychiatrists and psychologists are very open to referring clients to other professionals if unable to meet the client's needs or if they think the client could use additional support from a different type of professional.
Do I need a referral to see a psychiatrist or a PMHNP?
A referral to a psychiatrist or psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner (PMHNP) is often not required. However, consulting your primary care physician (PCP) first can be beneficial and may streamline the process of getting the care you need. Your PCP can help determine whether psychiatric care is necessary or if another type of mental health support might be more appropriate. Additionally, some insurance plans require a PCP referral to cover part or all of the costs associated with seeing a specialist. Obtaining a referral can also expedite the appointment process, particularly in areas with provider shortages or for clients seeking specialists in fields like child psychiatry.
Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed professional?
Yes, all professionals listed in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory are licensed to provide mental health services in the state(s) where they practice. The directory includes a variety of providers such as psychiatrists, psychiatric mental health nurse practitioners (PMHNPs), physician assistants, psychologists, social workers, and counselors. Each provider must hold a valid license issued by their state regulatory body to be listed. In addition, Psychology Today offers a verification process for certain providers, signified by a 'Verified' symbol next to their profile. This badge indicates that the provider’s primary credential or license has been independently verified by Psychology Today.


