Psychiatrists in Ridgeland, MS

Bianca Bullie-Thompson
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, DNP, FNP-C
Ridgeland, MS 39157
My ideal client is a teenager or an adult, struggling with anxiety, depression, grief or life transitions. They may feel overwhelmed, stuck, or unsure how to move forward. They need a safe, supportive space to explore their challenges and a clear, effective treatment plan. Their goal is to gain stability, confidence, and better coping skills. They see guidance, medication management, and a collaborative approach to improve their mental health and overall well-being.
My ideal client is a teenager or an adult, struggling with anxiety, depression, grief or life transitions. They may feel overwhelmed, stuck, or unsure how to move forward. They need a safe, supportive space to explore their challenges and a clear, effective treatment plan. Their goal is to gain stability, confidence, and better coping skills. They see guidance, medication management, and a collaborative approach to improve their mental health and overall well-being.
(601) 488-2384 x100 View (601) 488-2384 x100
Vivian Monique Richardson
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP-, BC
Ridgeland, MS 39157
I serve adolescents, adults, and older adults seeking support for their mental health and emotional well-being. Clients come to my practice looking for a safe, respectful, and culturally sensitive environment where they can openly discuss their concerns. I work collaboratively with each client to develop individualized treatment plans that may include psychiatric evaluations, medication management, supportive therapy, education, and lifestyle recommendations. My goal is to help clients build resilience, develop healthy coping strategies, and improve their overall quality of life.
I serve adolescents, adults, and older adults seeking support for their mental health and emotional well-being. Clients come to my practice looking for a safe, respectful, and culturally sensitive environment where they can openly discuss their concerns. I work collaboratively with each client to develop individualized treatment plans that may include psychiatric evaluations, medication management, supportive therapy, education, and lifestyle recommendations. My goal is to help clients build resilience, develop healthy coping strategies, and improve their overall quality of life.
(601) 721-5882 View (601) 721-5882
Jefferson Rogers
Psychiatrist, MD
Ridgeland, MS 39157
Are you looking for whole-person treatment for your mental health that goes beyond medication management? I am a board-certified psychiatrist practicing in a multi-specialty team that offers thorough testing, assessment and treatment of mental health problems, heart, mind and soul. I highly value collaboration with my clients and colleagues to find a personalized treatment plan based on feedback and evidenced-based medicine. Symptoms of negative thinking patterns, anxious worries, attention problems, substance abuse and other mental health problems are best addressed through a support network of collaborating specialists.
Are you looking for whole-person treatment for your mental health that goes beyond medication management? I am a board-certified psychiatrist practicing in a multi-specialty team that offers thorough testing, assessment and treatment of mental health problems, heart, mind and soul. I highly value collaboration with my clients and colleagues to find a personalized treatment plan based on feedback and evidenced-based medicine. Symptoms of negative thinking patterns, anxious worries, attention problems, substance abuse and other mental health problems are best addressed through a support network of collaborating specialists.
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Stephen Patrick Sweeney
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, APRN, CNP, PMHNP
Ridgeland, MS 39157
I am a compassionate and dedicated Board-Certified Psychiatric Family Mental Health Nurse Practitioner with a rich background in healthcare. I specialize in treating ADHD, anxiety, panic attacks, and depression, among many Psychiatric conditions. Throughout my career, I have worked in a variety of settings, including Neurosurgical Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, where I became well-versed not only in psychiatry but also in neurology and critical care medicine.
I am a compassionate and dedicated Board-Certified Psychiatric Family Mental Health Nurse Practitioner with a rich background in healthcare. I specialize in treating ADHD, anxiety, panic attacks, and depression, among many Psychiatric conditions. Throughout my career, I have worked in a variety of settings, including Neurosurgical Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, where I became well-versed not only in psychiatry but also in neurology and critical care medicine.
(601) 804-3863 View (601) 804-3863
Daniel Holloway
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP
1 Endorsed
Ridgeland, MS 39157
I enjoy working with my patients to craft a treatment plan that meets their individual needs and goals. As a board certified psychiatric nurse practitioner, my primary focus is on the medical treatment of mental illness; but, I enjoy working closely with therapists, primary care providers, and other specialists to care for the whole person. My patients are people, not just a collection of symptoms. I look forward to helping you.
I enjoy working with my patients to craft a treatment plan that meets their individual needs and goals. As a board certified psychiatric nurse practitioner, my primary focus is on the medical treatment of mental illness; but, I enjoy working closely with therapists, primary care providers, and other specialists to care for the whole person. My patients are people, not just a collection of symptoms. I look forward to helping you.
(601) 603-2604 View (601) 603-2604
Octavia Ingram
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, DNP, FNP, PMHNP
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Many patients present from families that were not educated about mental health. Now through learned behavior the patient learns to suppress their emotions in fear they’ll be viewed as weak or flawed. Let’s work to break the generational stereotypes and achieve overall well being. You’re in the right place because seeking help is usually the most difficult step in your process.
Many patients present from families that were not educated about mental health. Now through learned behavior the patient learns to suppress their emotions in fear they’ll be viewed as weak or flawed. Let’s work to break the generational stereotypes and achieve overall well being. You’re in the right place because seeking help is usually the most difficult step in your process.
(929) 203-8654 View (929) 203-8654
Sondra Bennett
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, FNP-BC, PMHNP
Online Only
As your provider, I understand how overwhelming it can feel to deal with challenges like depression, anxiety, or substance use. You’re not alone, and I’m here to help. Whether you’re looking for support in managing your emotions, improving your day-to-day life, or finding the right medication, we’ll work together to create a personalized plan that fits your needs. My goal is to help you find stability, strengthen your relationships, and feel empowered in your mental health journey. You deserve compassionate care, and I’m committed to supporting you every step of the way.
As your provider, I understand how overwhelming it can feel to deal with challenges like depression, anxiety, or substance use. You’re not alone, and I’m here to help. Whether you’re looking for support in managing your emotions, improving your day-to-day life, or finding the right medication, we’ll work together to create a personalized plan that fits your needs. My goal is to help you find stability, strengthen your relationships, and feel empowered in your mental health journey. You deserve compassionate care, and I’m committed to supporting you every step of the way.
(662) 667-8240 View (662) 667-8240
Jessica Lewis
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP, FNP, RN
Serves Area
Have you found it difficult to get the help you need quickly and easily? Have you ever struggled to find the best mental-health treatment for you or someone you love? We understand that it’s difficult to get the help you need quickly in North Mississippi, and that’s why here at Right Track Medical Group, we strive to be there for you when you or a loved one needs help. We aim to give you the best personalized care plan as swiftly as possible without sacrificing quality care.
Have you found it difficult to get the help you need quickly and easily? Have you ever struggled to find the best mental-health treatment for you or someone you love? We understand that it’s difficult to get the help you need quickly in North Mississippi, and that’s why here at Right Track Medical Group, we strive to be there for you when you or a loved one needs help. We aim to give you the best personalized care plan as swiftly as possible without sacrificing quality care.
(662) 222-0382 View (662) 222-0382
Tritresher Sizer
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP
Serves Area
Are you looking for a caring experienced psychiatric nurse practitioner to manage your mental healthcare? Do you work normal business hours and find it difficult to get an appointment that works around your busy schedule? Well good news! I have flexible convenient appointments available now for weekdays, evening hours and Saturdays. Do you prefer talking in-person or online? I offer both in-person and online appointments on weekdays. My evening hours and Saturdays are available online only. To get started give me a call or email. Also at your convenience, you may self-schedule online after our initial free phone consultation.
Are you looking for a caring experienced psychiatric nurse practitioner to manage your mental healthcare? Do you work normal business hours and find it difficult to get an appointment that works around your busy schedule? Well good news! I have flexible convenient appointments available now for weekdays, evening hours and Saturdays. Do you prefer talking in-person or online? I offer both in-person and online appointments on weekdays. My evening hours and Saturdays are available online only. To get started give me a call or email. Also at your convenience, you may self-schedule online after our initial free phone consultation.
(601) 516-6943 View (601) 516-6943
Stephanie Hogan
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP
Serves Area
Accepting New Patients. Have you found it difficult to get the help you need quickly and easily? Have you ever struggled to find the best mental-health treatment for you or someone you love? We understand that it’s difficult to get the help you need quickly in North Mississippi, and that’s why here at Right Track Medical Group, we strive to be there for you when you or a loved one needs help. We aim to give you the best personalized care plan as swiftly as possible without sacrificing quality care.
Accepting New Patients. Have you found it difficult to get the help you need quickly and easily? Have you ever struggled to find the best mental-health treatment for you or someone you love? We understand that it’s difficult to get the help you need quickly in North Mississippi, and that’s why here at Right Track Medical Group, we strive to be there for you when you or a loved one needs help. We aim to give you the best personalized care plan as swiftly as possible without sacrificing quality care.
(601) 891-5128 View (601) 891-5128

More Psychiatrists Nearby

Angela Corbin
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP
Online Only
Hello, I'm Angie! I am a dedicated psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner (PMHNP) with a passion for mental health care. With a keen understanding of psychiatric disorders and a compassionate approach, I strive to empower my patients to achieve mental well-being. I have experience in a variety of mental health disorders including but not limited to depression, ADHD, and PTSD.
Hello, I'm Angie! I am a dedicated psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner (PMHNP) with a passion for mental health care. With a keen understanding of psychiatric disorders and a compassionate approach, I strive to empower my patients to achieve mental well-being. I have experience in a variety of mental health disorders including but not limited to depression, ADHD, and PTSD.
(662) 747-4876 View (662) 747-4876
Dr. Dominic Adams
Psychiatrist, MD
Online Only
Dr. Dominic Adams earned his medical degree from Eastern Virginia Medical School and completed his residency at the University of Mississippi Medical Center. He has experience treating a broad range of mental health conditions using both medicinal and psychotherapeutic interventions. Dr. Adams works with children, adolescents, and adults, and has training in cognitive behavioral and psychodynamic psychotherapy. Dr. Adams strives to create a cooperative therapeutic experience that fosters open and empathetic communication.
Dr. Dominic Adams earned his medical degree from Eastern Virginia Medical School and completed his residency at the University of Mississippi Medical Center. He has experience treating a broad range of mental health conditions using both medicinal and psychotherapeutic interventions. Dr. Adams works with children, adolescents, and adults, and has training in cognitive behavioral and psychodynamic psychotherapy. Dr. Adams strives to create a cooperative therapeutic experience that fosters open and empathetic communication.
(833) 749-5700 View (833) 749-5700
Ridgewood Clinc
Psychiatrist, M.D.
Jackson, MS 39211
Dr. Gupta believes mental wellness is a right, not a privilege, for all people and is committed to seeking opportunities to provide compassionate psychiatric care where it is not readily available across the nation and the globe.
Dr. Gupta believes mental wellness is a right, not a privilege, for all people and is committed to seeking opportunities to provide compassionate psychiatric care where it is not readily available across the nation and the globe.
(601) 647-4190 View (601) 647-4190
Dominique Jackson
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, MSN, APRN, PMHNP-C
Online Only
Are you feeling overwhelmed, misunderstood, or stuck in patterns that no longer serve you? My ideal client is someone navigating emotional challenges like anxiety, depression, ADHD, or difficulty regulating mood and behavior, whether you're a teen, adult, or parent seeking support for your child. You may be looking for clarity, better coping tools, or simply a space to be heard and validated without judgment.
Are you feeling overwhelmed, misunderstood, or stuck in patterns that no longer serve you? My ideal client is someone navigating emotional challenges like anxiety, depression, ADHD, or difficulty regulating mood and behavior, whether you're a teen, adult, or parent seeking support for your child. You may be looking for clarity, better coping tools, or simply a space to be heard and validated without judgment.
(601) 565-4521 View (601) 565-4521
Amy Morris
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PhD, PMHNP
Madison, MS 39110
Accepting New Patients. Have you found it difficult to get the help you need quickly and easily? Have you ever struggled to find the best mental-health treatment for you or someone you love? We understand that it’s difficult to get the help you need quickly in Mississippi, and that’s why here at Right Track Medical Group, we strive to be there for you when you or a loved one needs help. We aim to give you the best personalized care plan as swiftly as possible without sacrificing quality care.
Accepting New Patients. Have you found it difficult to get the help you need quickly and easily? Have you ever struggled to find the best mental-health treatment for you or someone you love? We understand that it’s difficult to get the help you need quickly in Mississippi, and that’s why here at Right Track Medical Group, we strive to be there for you when you or a loved one needs help. We aim to give you the best personalized care plan as swiftly as possible without sacrificing quality care.
(601) 751-7588 View (601) 751-7588
Jada Davis
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, MSN, PMHNP
6 Endorsed
Flowood, MS 39232
Seeking mental health care can feel overwhelming, especially when you’re trying to balance daily responsibilities while managing emotional or mental stress. Many people want clarity, stability, and support but aren’t sure where to begin. My goal is to meet you where you are, listen carefully, and help you feel more confident and supported as we work toward meaningful improvement in your overall well-being.
Seeking mental health care can feel overwhelming, especially when you’re trying to balance daily responsibilities while managing emotional or mental stress. Many people want clarity, stability, and support but aren’t sure where to begin. My goal is to meet you where you are, listen carefully, and help you feel more confident and supported as we work toward meaningful improvement in your overall well-being.
(601) 565-6361 View (601) 565-6361
G.F. TeleVet Arizona And Mississippi Locations
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP
Jackson, MS 39216
Hello, and welcome to G.F. TeleVet Healthcare! We provide in- person & online medication management & therapy appointments to children and adults in Mississippi and Arizona. We accept insured and uninsured patients with appointments starting at $35! We are not your typical mental health clinic. We treat our patients like family, not numbers. Please do not hesitate to contact our office. Our director, Ms. Lee, will be waiting to answer your questions!
Hello, and welcome to G.F. TeleVet Healthcare! We provide in- person & online medication management & therapy appointments to children and adults in Mississippi and Arizona. We accept insured and uninsured patients with appointments starting at $35! We are not your typical mental health clinic. We treat our patients like family, not numbers. Please do not hesitate to contact our office. Our director, Ms. Lee, will be waiting to answer your questions!
(601) 586-8800 View (601) 586-8800
LaFadra Macklin
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP
Online Only
Book with me now by clicking on my website. Anxiety, depression, grief, and stress management are my areas of focus. During each encounter I will actively listen to your concerns and provide brief counseling. Together we will devise a plan to meet your specific goals. After each session clients should expect to leave with a sense of accomplishment and an idea on how to successfully move forward.
Book with me now by clicking on my website. Anxiety, depression, grief, and stress management are my areas of focus. During each encounter I will actively listen to your concerns and provide brief counseling. Together we will devise a plan to meet your specific goals. After each session clients should expect to leave with a sense of accomplishment and an idea on how to successfully move forward.
(662) 850-9100 View (662) 850-9100
Sharon Nightengale
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP, MSN, RN
Serves Area
My goal is to assist anyone wanting to improve his or her mental wellness. The ideal client is someone with a desire to live his or her best life. I am credentialed throughout the lifespan, from childhood to geriatrics. I have experience with numerous mental health issues, (i.e. anxiety, depression, PTSD, relationship conflicts, sleep issues, adjustment disorders, ADHD). I'll work to build a therapeutic relationship, provide compassionate, non-judgmental care while establishing an individual treatment plan to help improve one's quality of life. My goal is for all client's to think better, feel better and to be better!
My goal is to assist anyone wanting to improve his or her mental wellness. The ideal client is someone with a desire to live his or her best life. I am credentialed throughout the lifespan, from childhood to geriatrics. I have experience with numerous mental health issues, (i.e. anxiety, depression, PTSD, relationship conflicts, sleep issues, adjustment disorders, ADHD). I'll work to build a therapeutic relationship, provide compassionate, non-judgmental care while establishing an individual treatment plan to help improve one's quality of life. My goal is for all client's to think better, feel better and to be better!
(769) 287-8326 View (769) 287-8326
Kara M. Brown
Psychiatrist, MD
Serves Area
I am a board-certified psychiatrist with an interest in reproductive psychiatry. I have completed additional training in women's mental health through a fellowship at Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston, and I have spent several years treating women with a variety of concerns in different clinical settings. While I am able to treat people across the adult lifespan, I particularly enjoy working with individuals who are trying to conceive, pregnant or postpartum. This can be in the form of a one-time consult to provide expert recommendations to be carried out by another treatment team or in the form of ongoing treatment with me.
I am a board-certified psychiatrist with an interest in reproductive psychiatry. I have completed additional training in women's mental health through a fellowship at Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston, and I have spent several years treating women with a variety of concerns in different clinical settings. While I am able to treat people across the adult lifespan, I particularly enjoy working with individuals who are trying to conceive, pregnant or postpartum. This can be in the form of a one-time consult to provide expert recommendations to be carried out by another treatment team or in the form of ongoing treatment with me.
(504) 327-9628 View (504) 327-9628

See more therapy options for Ridgeland

How does your Psychiatrist compare?

Number of Psychiatrists in Ridgeland, MS

10+

Average cost per session

$195

Psychiatrists in Ridgeland, MS who prioritize treating:

90% Depression
90% ADHD
90% Anxiety
90% Bipolar Disorder
90% Medication Management
70% Trauma and PTSD
70% Obsessive-Compulsive (OCD)

Average years in practice

8 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

90% Aetna
80% Cigna and Evernorth
80% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Psychiatrists in Ridgeland, MS see their clients

80% In Person and Online
20% Online Only

Gender breakdown

75% Female
25% Male
FAQs - About Psychiatrists and Psychiatric Nurses

How can I find a psychiatrist in Ridgeland?

The Psychology Today Directory enables users to search specifically for psychiatrists by selecting the provider type from the drop-down menu, and filtering results by city, zip code, or the psychiatrist's name. The search results feature detailed profiles that outline each professional's treatment approach, areas of expertise, credentials, fees, payment options, and accepted insurance. Results include both psychiatrists (MDs) and psychiatric mental health nurse practitioners (PMHNPs), who hold advanced practice nursing degrees. Users can refine their search for a specific type of psychiatric provider using the "Provider Type" filter.

What is the difference between a psychiatrist and a psychologist?

Psychiatrists are medical specialists dedicated to understanding, diagnosing, and treating brain disorders and mental health conditions. As physicians, they are trained to identify the often subtle biological factors underlying mental disorders and to monitor how mental health treatments may impact other physical conditions, such as heart disease. Psychiatrists are licensed to prescribe medication and typically conduct shorter sessions that focus on medication management rather than intensive psychotherapy.

In contrast, psychologists are particularly attuned to the impact of early experiences on development, behavior, emotions, and cognitive processes. They often take a holistic approach to assessing and treating clients, considering aspects of personality and social functioning. Although psychologists cannot prescribe medication, they are frequently skilled in administering psychological tests—such as IQ tests, personality assessments, and behavioral evaluations—to assess an individual's functioning. Psychologists often engage in longer, more psychotherapy-focused sessions compared to psychiatrists.

What is a psychiatric nurse practitioner and what is the difference with a psychiatrist?

A psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner (PMHNP), also known as a mental health nurse practitioner or psychiatric nurse practitioner, is an advanced practice registered nurse (APRN) who has completed advanced training in psychiatric care, earning at least a master’s degree in psychiatric nursing. To become Board-Certified (PMHNP-BC), psychiatric nurse practitioners must also pass a national exam that tests their clinical psychiatric knowledge.

Like psychiatrists, PMHNPs are trained to assess, diagnose, and treat mental health conditions. However, PMHNPs and psychiatrists differ in their training experience. While PMHNPs can complete their credentialing requirements (full bachelor's and master's degree training) in as few as 6 years, psychiatrists often spend upwards of 12 years to complete their bachelor's, medical doctorate degree, and residency training requirements. Because of training differences, some states require PMHNPs to be supervised by or enter into a collaborative agreement with a physician in order to prescribe medication.

When deciding to work with a psychiatrist or PMHNP, clients should consider factors such therapeutic fit, cost, and availability. Psychiatrists may have more substantial training in treating more severe psychiatric conditions, as well as in providing more specialized treatment services, such as child psychiatry. However, psychiatrists may be inaccessible to some clients, as their cost and availability may be prohibitive. It can often be easier for clients to find a PMHNP with openings for new clients when compared to psychiatrists, and PMHNPs may also offer lower cost treatment options for clients looking to minimize out-of-pocket costs.

Can a psychiatrist or a PMHNP prescribe medication?

The Psychology Today directory features two primary types of psychiatric professionals: psychiatrists and psychiatric mental health nurse practitioners (PMHNPs). Both are generally authorized to prescribe psychiatric medications. In 28 states, PMHNPs have full practice authority, allowing them to provide the complete spectrum of psychiatric care, including independent medication prescribing and management. In other states, however, PMHNPs are required to work under the supervision or in collaboration with a physician to prescribe medication. Both psychiatrists and PMHNPs may also offer additional services, such as psychotherapy, counseling, and care coordination, for clients seeking psychiatric care.

Do psychiatrists or PMHNPs offer therapy?

Both psychiatrists and psychiatric mental health nurse practitioners (PMHNPs) are generally trained in a number of treatment modalities, including traditional psychotherapy, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT), pharmacotherapy, and, occasionally, various somatic therapies. Typically, psychiatrists and PMHNPs make a diagnosis and determine a course of treatment based on chemical or biological factors, using lab tests, brain scans and physical and psychological evaluations.

While psychotherapy may be used in the first session to aid in diagnosis, it is not typically utilized in subsequent visits. In fact, after the introductory session, most psychiatry sessions may only be 15-20 minutes in length and are largely focused on medication management; this is frequently the case for both psychiatrists and PMHNPs. However, medication providers who do not offer psychotherapy usually work collaboratively with psychologists and other mental health clinicians who do offer these services, and they can refer clients seeking more traditional psychotherapy services to their care.

How do I know if I need a psychiatrist, a PMHNP, or a therapist?

It is not always easy to know which type of mental health practitioner to choose. Many people are unaware of the root of their mental or behavioral problem and may be unaware of the differences in support provided by various mental health professionals. One way many people learn which type of care is best for them is by seeing their primary care provider (PCP) first. Depending on the nature and severity of the symptoms, the PCP may review their medical history and provide guidance or a referral to the appropriate type of provider.

A referral to a psychiatrist or PMHNP is most often made when a client is in need of psychiatric medication management or assessment. These professionals are specifically trained to prescribe psychiatric medications, when necessary, for a client; however, they generally do not provide supportive psychotherapy on an ongoing basis. A therapist or psychologist, in contrast, can provide supportive psychotherapy but is unable to prescribe medications. Because of their unique roles, some clients see both a medication prescriber (either a psychiatrist or PMHNP) and a therapist at the same time to address their psychiatric concerns holistically. Many psychiatrists and psychologists are very open to referring clients to other professionals if unable to meet the client's needs or if they think the client could use additional support from a different type of professional.

Do I need a referral to see a psychiatrist or a PMHNP?

A referral to a psychiatrist or psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner (PMHNP) is often not required. However, consulting your primary care physician (PCP) first can be beneficial and may streamline the process of getting the care you need. Your PCP can help determine whether psychiatric care is necessary or if another type of mental health support might be more appropriate. Additionally, some insurance plans require a PCP referral to cover part or all of the costs associated with seeing a specialist. Obtaining a referral can also expedite the appointment process, particularly in areas with provider shortages or for clients seeking specialists in fields like child psychiatry.

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed professional?

Yes, all professionals listed in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory are licensed to provide mental health services in the state(s) where they practice. The directory includes a variety of providers such as psychiatrists, psychiatric mental health nurse practitioners (PMHNPs), physician assistants, psychologists, social workers, and counselors. Each provider must hold a valid license issued by their state regulatory body to be listed. In addition, Psychology Today offers a verification process for certain providers, signified by a 'Verified' symbol next to their profile. This badge indicates that the provider’s primary credential or license has been independently verified by Psychology Today.