ADHD Psychiatrists in Apple Valley, MN

Photo of Princess Gehyigon-Wallace, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, DNP, APRN, CNP, PMHNP
Princess Gehyigon-Wallace
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, DNP, APRN, CNP, PMHNP
1 Endorsed
Apple Valley, MN 55124
Struggling with anxiety, depression, PTSD, OCD, trauma, ADHD, or stress?
Dr. Gehyigon-Wallace is a board-certified Family Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner. She is licensed to diagnose, treat, and prescribe mental health medications. She focuses on understanding each individual’s unique symptoms, background, environmental stressors, and strengths with compassion and patience.
Struggling with anxiety, depression, PTSD, OCD, trauma, ADHD, or stress?
Dr. Gehyigon-Wallace is a board-certified Family Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner. She is licensed to diagnose, treat, and prescribe mental health medications. She focuses on understanding each individual’s unique symptoms, background, environmental stressors, and strengths with compassion and patience.
(612) 482-0679 View (612) 482-0679
Photo of Nicole Salami, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP
Nicole Salami
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP
Serves Area
I work with adults facing anxiety, depression, ADHD, trauma, and life stressors.
Hi there, I'm Nicole! I specialize in helping individuals find balance and healing through compassionate, evidence-based care. My goal is to help you gain clarity, improve your well-being, and feel empowered in your mental health journey. My approach is compassionate and collaborative. I create a safe space to explore your story and goals, using therapy, medication, and lifestyle support to help you find balance, healing, and confidence in your mental health journey.
I work with adults facing anxiety, depression, ADHD, trauma, and life stressors.
Hi there, I'm Nicole! I specialize in helping individuals find balance and healing through compassionate, evidence-based care. My goal is to help you gain clarity, improve your well-being, and feel empowered in your mental health journey. My approach is compassionate and collaborative. I create a safe space to explore your story and goals, using therapy, medication, and lifestyle support to help you find balance, healing, and confidence in your mental health journey.
(707) 846-3403 View (707) 846-3403
Photo of For More Information - Nexus of Hope Psychiatry & Mental Health Wellness, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner
Nexus of Hope Psychiatry & Mental Health Wellness
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner
Serves Area
TAKING NEW PATIENTS! Telehealth appointments are available for your convenience. Appointments are available within 7 days or less. We also have extended evening hours. Our providers have over 30 years of combined healthcare experience with degrees in kinesiology, public health, pharmacology, and nursing. We bring a holistic and collaborative approach to psychiatric care. We believe that individuals require transparency, compassion, genuineness, and empathy from their medical providers.
TAKING NEW PATIENTS! Telehealth appointments are available for your convenience. Appointments are available within 7 days or less. We also have extended evening hours. Our providers have over 30 years of combined healthcare experience with degrees in kinesiology, public health, pharmacology, and nursing. We bring a holistic and collaborative approach to psychiatric care. We believe that individuals require transparency, compassion, genuineness, and empathy from their medical providers.
(952) 955-4110 View (952) 955-4110
Photo of Kelsey Helgeson, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner
Kelsey Helgeson
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner
Online Only
Kelsey Helgeson MSN, APRN is a board-certified Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner who offers medication management and psychotherapy to patients for all mental health diagnoses and ages. After witnessing the profound impact mental health issues had on her family, peers, and community, Kelsey pursued a career as a Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner. She developed a profound empathy and a strong desire to assist others in overcoming their mental health challenges.
Kelsey Helgeson MSN, APRN is a board-certified Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner who offers medication management and psychotherapy to patients for all mental health diagnoses and ages. After witnessing the profound impact mental health issues had on her family, peers, and community, Kelsey pursued a career as a Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner. She developed a profound empathy and a strong desire to assist others in overcoming their mental health challenges.
(651) 384-4389 View (651) 384-4389
Photo of Millicent Boa-Amponsem, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, DNP, PMHNP
Millicent Boa-Amponsem
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, DNP, PMHNP
Serves Area
I am a Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner licensed in Minnesota to provide diagnostic evaluation and management of conditions including but not limited to Depressive and Anxiety Disorders, ADHD, Bipolar disorder, PTSD, Psychotic and Personality disorders across the lifespan.
At WellPsych Mental Health, we believe that taking care of your mental health is indeed an act of self love, and our goal is to join you in your quest for treatment tailored to your unique health needs.
I am a Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner licensed in Minnesota to provide diagnostic evaluation and management of conditions including but not limited to Depressive and Anxiety Disorders, ADHD, Bipolar disorder, PTSD, Psychotic and Personality disorders across the lifespan.
At WellPsych Mental Health, we believe that taking care of your mental health is indeed an act of self love, and our goal is to join you in your quest for treatment tailored to your unique health needs.
(612) 294-8397 View (612) 294-8397
Photo of Oreoluwa Oye, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, APRN
Oreoluwa Oye
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, APRN
Serves Area
Academic and work stress, ADHD, anxiety, depression, women's hormonal health, including PMDD and perimenopause, and the distinct challenges faced by ethnic minorities, immigrants, and marginalized communities.
You've spent a long time wondering if anyone in a clinical setting would truly get you. Your background, your culture, the particular weight you carry. Maybe past experiences confirmed your worst fears. But what you're looking for exists. It just took a while to find. Perhaps you don't have the words for what you're feeling. You don't know where to begin, or whether you'll even be understood. You're worried about judgment, about relying on medication, about opening up to someone who won't get it. You've carried all of that long enough. You deserve calm, energy, peace, deeper relationships, and a life that doesn't feel out of reach.
Academic and work stress, ADHD, anxiety, depression, women's hormonal health, including PMDD and perimenopause, and the distinct challenges faced by ethnic minorities, immigrants, and marginalized communities.
You've spent a long time wondering if anyone in a clinical setting would truly get you. Your background, your culture, the particular weight you carry. Maybe past experiences confirmed your worst fears. But what you're looking for exists. It just took a while to find. Perhaps you don't have the words for what you're feeling. You don't know where to begin, or whether you'll even be understood. You're worried about judgment, about relying on medication, about opening up to someone who won't get it. You've carried all of that long enough. You deserve calm, energy, peace, deeper relationships, and a life that doesn't feel out of reach.
(952) 800-9258 View (952) 800-9258
Photo of Dr. Kristin Hanson, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, DNP, CNP, PMHNP
Dr. Kristin Hanson
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, DNP, CNP, PMHNP
Online Only
I enjoy working alongside clients (ages 18-64) and appreciate the complexity of each individual in the ups and downs of life. Treatment plans are individualized to meet clients’ needs and can include medication, bioidentical hormone replacement therapy, supplements, referrals to specific therapies, and lifestyle modification. I am happy to integrate faith into my practice for clients who are interested. Providing psychiatric evaluations, treatment and supportive therapy with a holistic and integrative approach, I aim to collaborate and meet clients where they are at to support them in leading a healthy, fulfilling life.
I enjoy working alongside clients (ages 18-64) and appreciate the complexity of each individual in the ups and downs of life. Treatment plans are individualized to meet clients’ needs and can include medication, bioidentical hormone replacement therapy, supplements, referrals to specific therapies, and lifestyle modification. I am happy to integrate faith into my practice for clients who are interested. Providing psychiatric evaluations, treatment and supportive therapy with a holistic and integrative approach, I aim to collaborate and meet clients where they are at to support them in leading a healthy, fulfilling life.
(651) 401-8671 View (651) 401-8671
Photo of Amanda Braatz, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, MSN, APRN, CNP, PMHNPBC
Amanda Braatz
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, MSN, APRN, CNP, PMHNPBC
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Amanda is a board certified psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner (PMHNP-BC), specializing in providing medication evaluations and ongoing medication management for adults. She has experience with a wide range of mental health concerns, including: PTSD/trauma, depression, bipolar disorder, mood disorders, anxiety, insomnia, OCD, psychosis, and personality disorders.
Amanda is a board certified psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner (PMHNP-BC), specializing in providing medication evaluations and ongoing medication management for adults. She has experience with a wide range of mental health concerns, including: PTSD/trauma, depression, bipolar disorder, mood disorders, anxiety, insomnia, OCD, psychosis, and personality disorders.
(651) 899-3761 View (651) 899-3761
Photo of MARILINE CORVIL, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP, BC
MARILINE CORVIL
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP, BC
Serves Area
We support adults struggling with depression, anxiety, trauma, ADHD, and other mental health challenges through compassionate, individualized care.
We specialize in compassionate, evidence-based mental health care for adults experiencing depression, anxiety, ADHD, trauma-related conditions, mood disorders, and other psychiatric concerns. We offer psychiatric evaluations, medication management, supportive therapy, telehealth appointments, and NeuroStar TMS therapy for treatment-resistant depression.
We support adults struggling with depression, anxiety, trauma, ADHD, and other mental health challenges through compassionate, individualized care.
We specialize in compassionate, evidence-based mental health care for adults experiencing depression, anxiety, ADHD, trauma-related conditions, mood disorders, and other psychiatric concerns. We offer psychiatric evaluations, medication management, supportive therapy, telehealth appointments, and NeuroStar TMS therapy for treatment-resistant depression.
(651) 621-3712 View (651) 621-3712
Photo of Thelma Mahya Browne-Kaine, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, APRN, PMHNP, DNP
Thelma Mahya Browne-Kaine
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, APRN, PMHNP, DNP
Serves Area
I specialize in ADHD assessments, evaluations, and treatment, as well as depression, mood and anxiety disorders, trauma, psychotic disorders, bipolar I and II, schizophrenia, substance misuse, and chronic mental illness.
As your provider, I conduct thorough psychiatric assessments and offer psychotherapy and medication management to support your well-being. I take a compassionate, collaborative approach, helping you understand your symptoms and diagnoses in a supportive, judgment-free space. My practice serves children, adolescents, and adults, with care tailored to each stage of life. I use evidence-based guidelines alongside clinical experience and thoughtful insight to help you achieve meaningful, lasting progress toward your mental health goals.
I specialize in ADHD assessments, evaluations, and treatment, as well as depression, mood and anxiety disorders, trauma, psychotic disorders, bipolar I and II, schizophrenia, substance misuse, and chronic mental illness.
As your provider, I conduct thorough psychiatric assessments and offer psychotherapy and medication management to support your well-being. I take a compassionate, collaborative approach, helping you understand your symptoms and diagnoses in a supportive, judgment-free space. My practice serves children, adolescents, and adults, with care tailored to each stage of life. I use evidence-based guidelines alongside clinical experience and thoughtful insight to help you achieve meaningful, lasting progress toward your mental health goals.
(763) 465-7775 View (763) 465-7775

More Psychiatrists Nearby

Photo of Tsering Dolma, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, MSN, CNP, RN
Tsering Dolma
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, MSN, CNP, RN
Saint Paul, MN 55116
Throughout her career, Tsering has encountered a wide range of life experiences that have deeply shaped her empathy and compassion for individuals seeking mental health care. She recognizes that a mental health diagnosis is not just about one aspect; rather, it involves a complex interplay of experiences and traumas that influence a person's well-being. With a passion for educating her clients, Tsering is dedicated to helping them find the most effective medications, therapies, and support systems to live their best lives.
Throughout her career, Tsering has encountered a wide range of life experiences that have deeply shaped her empathy and compassion for individuals seeking mental health care. She recognizes that a mental health diagnosis is not just about one aspect; rather, it involves a complex interplay of experiences and traumas that influence a person's well-being. With a passion for educating her clients, Tsering is dedicated to helping them find the most effective medications, therapies, and support systems to live their best lives.
(612) 453-4634 View (612) 453-4634
Photo of Laurel Edinburgh, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, MSN, CPNP, PMHS
Laurel Edinburgh
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, MSN, CPNP, PMHS
3 Endorsed
Online Only
I provide psychiatric evaluation and medication management for children, adolescents, and adults experiencing Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, Depression, and Anxiety disorder.
I provide medication management for children and adults. In addition, I provide short-term solutions-driven therapy. I work to develop collaborative therapeutic alliances with my clients I believe that non-pharmacologic interventions such as therapy, exercise, and nutrition should be used in addition to medication to manage mental health symptoms.
I provide psychiatric evaluation and medication management for children, adolescents, and adults experiencing Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, Depression, and Anxiety disorder.
I provide medication management for children and adults. In addition, I provide short-term solutions-driven therapy. I work to develop collaborative therapeutic alliances with my clients I believe that non-pharmacologic interventions such as therapy, exercise, and nutrition should be used in addition to medication to manage mental health symptoms.
(763) 307-6980 View (763) 307-6980
Photo of Dr. Dung Truong, Psychiatrist, MD
Dr. Dung Truong
Psychiatrist, MD
Online Only
Note: This provider cannot prescribe controlled substances for MN patients. Dr. Dung (“Young”) Truong is board-certified in both psychiatry and family medicine. Prior to joining Talkiatry, he worked in a busy Minneapolis emergency room for 20 years. He cared for patients presenting in mental health crisis, treating their acute presentation and helping find solutions to their concerns, ranging from starting and adjusting medications to identifying and addressing contributing factors such as medical illness, substance use, and life stressors.
Note: This provider cannot prescribe controlled substances for MN patients. Dr. Dung (“Young”) Truong is board-certified in both psychiatry and family medicine. Prior to joining Talkiatry, he worked in a busy Minneapolis emergency room for 20 years. He cared for patients presenting in mental health crisis, treating their acute presentation and helping find solutions to their concerns, ranging from starting and adjusting medications to identifying and addressing contributing factors such as medical illness, substance use, and life stressors.
(833) 749-5700 View (833) 749-5700
Photo of Alana Ward, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP
Alana Ward
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP
Online Only
Alana likes to add mindfulness and cognitive behavioral therapy techniques to her medication management appointments to help individuals receive effective, quality care.
Alana Ward is a board certified psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner (PMHNP). Alan has been practicing since 2018 and has experience with individuals of all ages. Prior to becoming a PMHNP, Alana worked as a registered nurse in critical care and psychiatry. As a PMHNP, she has experience working on inpatient adult and geriatric psychiatric units, as well as providing psychiatric evaluations and consultations to individuals on medical units and emergency rooms at hospitals.
Alana likes to add mindfulness and cognitive behavioral therapy techniques to her medication management appointments to help individuals receive effective, quality care.
Alana Ward is a board certified psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner (PMHNP). Alan has been practicing since 2018 and has experience with individuals of all ages. Prior to becoming a PMHNP, Alana worked as a registered nurse in critical care and psychiatry. As a PMHNP, she has experience working on inpatient adult and geriatric psychiatric units, as well as providing psychiatric evaluations and consultations to individuals on medical units and emergency rooms at hospitals.
(833) 749-5700 View (833) 749-5700
Photo of Michelle Kotte, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP
Michelle Kotte
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP
Online Only
Michelle Kotte is a board-certified Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner with over 13 years of nursing experience. She creates a warm, supportive environment and values open communication. Michelle is passionate about focusing on the whole person and tailoring care to each client’s unique needs. Michelle’s approach is direct, collaborative, and centered on partnership. She works closely with clients to develop a personalized plan, emphasizing transparency and shared decision-making throughout treatment.
Michelle Kotte is a board-certified Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner with over 13 years of nursing experience. She creates a warm, supportive environment and values open communication. Michelle is passionate about focusing on the whole person and tailoring care to each client’s unique needs. Michelle’s approach is direct, collaborative, and centered on partnership. She works closely with clients to develop a personalized plan, emphasizing transparency and shared decision-making throughout treatment.
(952) 299-5283 View (952) 299-5283
Photo of Olukayode O Awosika, Psychiatrist, MD, DFAPA
Olukayode O Awosika
Psychiatrist, MD, DFAPA
1 Endorsed
Edina, MN 55435
I am especially interested in helping people struggling with treatment-resistant depression, bipolar disorders, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorders.
Dr. Olukayode Awosika has over 20 years of extensive experience in psychiatry, encompassing community, private, and international practice. He is board-certified in general psychiatry and has delivered compassionate and comprehensive care across various settings, including outpatient and inpatient facilities, emergency psychiatry, and consult liaison services. Dr. Awosika specializes in thorough evaluations, medication management, and treatment planning for patients with treatment-resistant mood disorders, particularly depression. He integrates advanced technologies, such as Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS), into practice.
I am especially interested in helping people struggling with treatment-resistant depression, bipolar disorders, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorders.
Dr. Olukayode Awosika has over 20 years of extensive experience in psychiatry, encompassing community, private, and international practice. He is board-certified in general psychiatry and has delivered compassionate and comprehensive care across various settings, including outpatient and inpatient facilities, emergency psychiatry, and consult liaison services. Dr. Awosika specializes in thorough evaluations, medication management, and treatment planning for patients with treatment-resistant mood disorders, particularly depression. He integrates advanced technologies, such as Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS), into practice.
(952) 314-4594 View (952) 314-4594
Photo of Adonye Afonya, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, MSN, APRN, PMHNP, BC
Adonye Afonya
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, MSN, APRN, PMHNP, BC
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
I believe that every individual and circumstance is unique, therefore a unique approach of care will result in the best possible outcome. Understanding the cultural, religious, psychological, and social characteristics of a patient and their family dynamic is of utmost importance when providing mental health care. I am accepting new patients ages 10+ for Medication management and Psychotherapy. Areas of focus include, but is not limited to Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( ADHD), Depression, Anxiety, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), Psychosis and Adjustment Disorders.
I believe that every individual and circumstance is unique, therefore a unique approach of care will result in the best possible outcome. Understanding the cultural, religious, psychological, and social characteristics of a patient and their family dynamic is of utmost importance when providing mental health care. I am accepting new patients ages 10+ for Medication management and Psychotherapy. Areas of focus include, but is not limited to Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( ADHD), Depression, Anxiety, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), Psychosis and Adjustment Disorders.
(507) 203-2847 View (507) 203-2847
Photo of Fabiana Long, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP
Fabiana Long
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP
1 Endorsed
Online Only
You’re feeling overwhelmed, mentally exhausted, or stuck in patterns that no longer work—whether from anxiety, ADHD, mood changes, or stress.
I specialize in ADHD, anxiety, and mood-related concerns. I offer comprehensive evaluations and medication management with a clear, structured approach. Care is collaborative, practical, and focused on helping you feel more stable, focused, and in control of your day-to-day life.
You’re feeling overwhelmed, mentally exhausted, or stuck in patterns that no longer work—whether from anxiety, ADHD, mood changes, or stress.
I specialize in ADHD, anxiety, and mood-related concerns. I offer comprehensive evaluations and medication management with a clear, structured approach. Care is collaborative, practical, and focused on helping you feel more stable, focused, and in control of your day-to-day life.
(813) 592-4267 View (813) 592-4267
Photo of Jeremiah Randall - East Central Behavioral Health LLC, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, MSN, APRN, PMHNP
East Central Behavioral Health LLC
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, MSN, APRN, PMHNP
Online Only
Many clients I work with are seeking clarity—especially around ADHD—and want thoughtful, accurate diagnosis and treatment that actually fits their lives.
I specialize in diagnosing and treating ADHD and also provide care for depression, anxiety, and other mental health concerns. I offer comprehensive psychiatric evaluations and medication management with longer appointments, allowing time for questions, collaboration, and thoughtful treatment planning.
Many clients I work with are seeking clarity—especially around ADHD—and want thoughtful, accurate diagnosis and treatment that actually fits their lives.
I specialize in diagnosing and treating ADHD and also provide care for depression, anxiety, and other mental health concerns. I offer comprehensive psychiatric evaluations and medication management with longer appointments, allowing time for questions, collaboration, and thoughtful treatment planning.
(320) 364-7292 View (320) 364-7292
Photo of Chinwe Eke, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP
Chinwe Eke
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP
Online Only
Hi! I'm a psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner based in Minnesota. I received my Masters from Liberty University, Virginia, and have been practicing for 2 years. I help young adults struggling with anxiety, depression, career stress, and burnout become the best versions of themselves. I want to offer my clients guidance that can change their lives so they can overcome challenging circumstances, work with the assessment team, and continue their treatment and medication management. I have strong analytical skills, work well under pressure, and enjoy participating in the clinical team.
Hi! I'm a psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner based in Minnesota. I received my Masters from Liberty University, Virginia, and have been practicing for 2 years. I help young adults struggling with anxiety, depression, career stress, and burnout become the best versions of themselves. I want to offer my clients guidance that can change their lives so they can overcome challenging circumstances, work with the assessment team, and continue their treatment and medication management. I have strong analytical skills, work well under pressure, and enjoy participating in the clinical team.
(612) 482-8593 View (612) 482-8593

See more therapy options for Apple Valley

FAQ - ADHD Psychiatrists
What is ADHD and how can psychiatrists help?
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental condition characterized by emotional dysregulation and symptoms of inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. Individuals with ADHD often experience challenges in school or in workplace settings, as they may face significant difficulty in maintaining focus, managing time, completing tasks, and navigating interpersonal relationships in these settings. Seeing a psychiatrist can be a helpful step for clients seeking support in managing ADHD symptoms, either through medication, therapy, or a combination of both. While ADHD is most commonly diagnosed in childhood—typically before the age of 12—some individuals may not notice symptoms until adolescence or adulthood.

What are the diagnosis and treatment options for ADHD?
Psychiatrists are equipped to offer diagnostic evaluations for ADHD, which can help confirm whether the condition is present and guide the selection of an appropriate treatment plan. The most frequently prescribed medications for ADHD are stimulants which are known to be highly effective in managing core symptoms. However, in some cases, non-stimulant medications or medications used to address co-occurring conditions—such as antidepressants—may be recommended instead or in addition. Medication tends to be most effective when paired with behavioral interventions, including executive function coaching, which aims to strengthen skills like organization, time management, and task completion. For younger clients, involving family members in treatment can be especially important, as parents and caregivers often play a central role in supporting behavioral change and ensuring proper medication management, when appropriate, for younger individuals.

How can I find an ADHD psychiatrist
The Psychology Today online directory is a helpful resource for locating psychiatrists (MDs) and psychiatric nurse practitioners (PMHNPs) who specialize in diagnosing and treating ADHD. The platform allows users to filter search results by provider specialty, cost, location, and identity preferences. When evaluating potential providers, it is important to ask about their experience in treating ADHD, as well as their typical approach to therapy and medication. For families seeking evaluation for a young child, it may be beneficial to search for a child psychiatrist who specializes in pediatric assessments and may be more knowledgable about appropriate treatment and medication for younger clients. In addition, it's important to verify whether a potential psychiatrist accepts your insurance—and, since not all plans fully cover ADHD assessments or testing services, it’s especially important to confirm that these specific services are included in your coverage before starting the treatment process.