Photo of Sarah Applegate, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner in Bellevue, WA
Sarah Applegate
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, MDiv, MSN, ARNP, PMHNP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Bellevue, WA 98004
I am accepting new clients on a case-by-case basis for medication management. I provide holistic, integrative psychiatric care to children, adolescents and adults with ADHD, mood, and trauma disorders, partnering with clients and their families to help them to achieve their health goals. Services I provide include comprehensive psychiatric assessments, medication management, and brief psychotherapy. While I prescribe medications when needed, I address other factors that may be impacting your mental health such as exercise, sleep, nutrition, lifestyle, relationships and coping skills.
I am accepting new clients on a case-by-case basis for medication management. I provide holistic, integrative psychiatric care to children, adolescents and adults with ADHD, mood, and trauma disorders, partnering with clients and their families to help them to achieve their health goals. Services I provide include comprehensive psychiatric assessments, medication management, and brief psychotherapy. While I prescribe medications when needed, I address other factors that may be impacting your mental health such as exercise, sleep, nutrition, lifestyle, relationships and coping skills.
(425) 490-4132 View (425) 490-4132
Photo of VirtualPsychiatricCare.com, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner in Bellevue, WA
VirtualPsychiatricCare.com
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, MSN, PMHNP, APRN
Verified Verified
Bellevue, WA 98005  (Online Only)
Full psychiatric evaluations and medication management are offered via video conference or phone call.
We are board-certified to treat Children and Adults. Accepting new patients via telehealth visits in Washington state for psychiatric evaluations and medication management. Our clients are looking to be properly diagnosed and treated using the safest prescribing principles. Make your appointment on our website. Evening and weekend hours are available. Affordable rates. Also accepting some insurance plans.
Full psychiatric evaluations and medication management are offered via video conference or phone call.
We are board-certified to treat Children and Adults. Accepting new patients via telehealth visits in Washington state for psychiatric evaluations and medication management. Our clients are looking to be properly diagnosed and treated using the safest prescribing principles. Make your appointment on our website. Evening and weekend hours are available. Affordable rates. Also accepting some insurance plans.
(206) 590-7417 View (206) 590-7417
Photo of Baraka Behavioral Health (BBH), LLC, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner in Bellevue, WA
Baraka Behavioral Health (BBH), LLC
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP, BC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Bellevue, WA 98004
I am board certified psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner providing psychiatric services includes evaluations, diagnosis, and psychiatric medication management for such conditions as depression, personality disorders, anxiety, bipolar, and attention deficit disorders among others for children, adolescents, adults and geriatrics. At BBS, you are guaranteed of a highly skilled and knowledgeable Practitioner, from the confines of your home, virtually, through your smartphone, and or computer. You are at the center, and You matter!
I am board certified psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner providing psychiatric services includes evaluations, diagnosis, and psychiatric medication management for such conditions as depression, personality disorders, anxiety, bipolar, and attention deficit disorders among others for children, adolescents, adults and geriatrics. At BBS, you are guaranteed of a highly skilled and knowledgeable Practitioner, from the confines of your home, virtually, through your smartphone, and or computer. You are at the center, and You matter!
(515) 209-7917 View (515) 209-7917
Photo of Dr. Ilyse Rosenberg, Psychiatrist in Bellevue, WA
Dr. Ilyse Rosenberg
Psychiatrist, DO
Verified Verified
Bellevue, WA 98006  (Online Only)
Dr. Rosenberg work to bring joy and happiness to children, families, and adults by looking at the whole person and developing a customized plan to achieve your unique goals. She takes a caring approach to address your concerns and allow you to achieve a well-balanced, cheerful life. She is a caring and compassionate psychiatrist with more than 13 years of experience treating children, adolescents and adults. Her well-rounded approach focuses on the individual needs of patients and families to create a balanced treatment plan that looks at both psychology and medical needs. She performs a thorough psychiatric evaluation.
Dr. Rosenberg work to bring joy and happiness to children, families, and adults by looking at the whole person and developing a customized plan to achieve your unique goals. She takes a caring approach to address your concerns and allow you to achieve a well-balanced, cheerful life. She is a caring and compassionate psychiatrist with more than 13 years of experience treating children, adolescents and adults. Her well-rounded approach focuses on the individual needs of patients and families to create a balanced treatment plan that looks at both psychology and medical needs. She performs a thorough psychiatric evaluation.
(425) 215-4572 View (425) 215-4572
Photo of Sarah Sunday@ Family Psychiatry, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner in Bellevue, WA
Sarah Sunday@ Family Psychiatry
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMNP, ARNP
Verified Verified
Bellevue, WA 98004
Accepting New Patients. I offer supportive and empathic care to patients across the lifespan. My treatment focus includes Child, Adolescent and Family Health, with a specialization in Anxiety disorders, ADHD, Depression, Post partum care and PTSD. I strive to create positive and lasting change by building a therapeutic relationship for every one of my patients. I have advanced knowledge in pharmacotherapy and complex medical care. Please contact me to arrange a Video conference. Patients can complete intake paperwork online.
Accepting New Patients. I offer supportive and empathic care to patients across the lifespan. My treatment focus includes Child, Adolescent and Family Health, with a specialization in Anxiety disorders, ADHD, Depression, Post partum care and PTSD. I strive to create positive and lasting change by building a therapeutic relationship for every one of my patients. I have advanced knowledge in pharmacotherapy and complex medical care. Please contact me to arrange a Video conference. Patients can complete intake paperwork online.
(206) 501-4342 View (206) 501-4342
Photo of Wadsworth Psychiatric Services PLLC, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner in Bellevue, WA
Wadsworth Psychiatric Services PLLC
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, MSN, JD
Verified Verified
Bellevue, WA 98004
Accepting new patients with appointments available in the same week. Treatment for children and adults with various conditions. Conditions treated but not limited to are: Depression, Anxiety, ADHD (children and adults), Mood Disorders, Oppositional Defiant Disorder, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Eating Disorders, Schizophrenia, Suboxone Treatment for Opioid Dependence, and Dementia.
Accepting new patients with appointments available in the same week. Treatment for children and adults with various conditions. Conditions treated but not limited to are: Depression, Anxiety, ADHD (children and adults), Mood Disorders, Oppositional Defiant Disorder, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Eating Disorders, Schizophrenia, Suboxone Treatment for Opioid Dependence, and Dementia.
(425) 230-4447 View (425) 230-4447
Photo of Cheryl Cooke, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner in Bellevue, WA
Cheryl Cooke
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PhD, DNP, ARNP, PMHNPBC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Bellevue, WA 98004  (Online Only)
I am primarily seeing folks for therapy. I am familiar with the challenges experienced by communities of Color, academics, women at transitions in life, and individuals experiencing parenting and relationship challenges. I also see children with anxiety, depression, ADHD and autism spectrum disorder between the ages of 5 & 12.
I am primarily seeing folks for therapy. I am familiar with the challenges experienced by communities of Color, academics, women at transitions in life, and individuals experiencing parenting and relationship challenges. I also see children with anxiety, depression, ADHD and autism spectrum disorder between the ages of 5 & 12.
(360) 889-8850 View (360) 889-8850
Photo of Jibran Ahmed, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner in Bellevue, WA
Jibran Ahmed
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP
Verified Verified
Bellevue, WA 98006
I'm passionate about the importance of people having easy access to mental healthcare. Before joining the healthcare field, I taught in low-income and underserved communities. Seeing the impact that a lack of mental healthcare had in these areas drove me to return to school and begin a career focused on providing that much-needed care. In my eyes, treatment can significantly increase the quality of life both mentally as well as physically.
I'm passionate about the importance of people having easy access to mental healthcare. Before joining the healthcare field, I taught in low-income and underserved communities. Seeing the impact that a lack of mental healthcare had in these areas drove me to return to school and begin a career focused on providing that much-needed care. In my eyes, treatment can significantly increase the quality of life both mentally as well as physically.
(206) 984-3618 View (206) 984-3618
Photo of Mindful Health Solutions, Psychiatrist in Bellevue, WA
Mindful Health Solutions
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
Bellevue, WA 98006
My ideal patient is someone who is willing to collaborate with me to create the best treatment plan possible for their unique needs. I enjoy answering questions so each patient understands the process. I also aspire to be a supportive ally for patients who are LGBTQIA+ or from any other minority community.
My ideal patient is someone who is willing to collaborate with me to create the best treatment plan possible for their unique needs. I enjoy answering questions so each patient understands the process. I also aspire to be a supportive ally for patients who are LGBTQIA+ or from any other minority community.
(206) 590-4271 View (206) 590-4271
Photo of Gloria M Kardong, Psychiatrist in Bellevue, WA
Gloria M Kardong
Psychiatrist, MD, DLFAPA, DABPN
Verified Verified
Bellevue, WA 98004
I am a psychiatrist providing psychotherapy and/or psychopharmacology, depending on the client's needs. I believe that it is important to offer individualized care based on the client's specific problems, concerns and preferences. My style is warm, collaborative and interactive. I can help with a practical, solution-focused approach for current problems. I also do exploratory therapy to address unresolved issues from the past that may be interfering with living your life as fully as possible. My clients also seek depth therapy to promote personal growth, insight and self-awareness. LICENSED 20 STATES--Virtual Therapy and Med mgmt.
I am a psychiatrist providing psychotherapy and/or psychopharmacology, depending on the client's needs. I believe that it is important to offer individualized care based on the client's specific problems, concerns and preferences. My style is warm, collaborative and interactive. I can help with a practical, solution-focused approach for current problems. I also do exploratory therapy to address unresolved issues from the past that may be interfering with living your life as fully as possible. My clients also seek depth therapy to promote personal growth, insight and self-awareness. LICENSED 20 STATES--Virtual Therapy and Med mgmt.
(650) 329-9465 View (650) 329-9465
Photo of Mindful Health Solutions, Psychiatrist in Bellevue, WA
Mindful Health Solutions
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
Bellevue, WA 98006
I take a collaborative approach with my patients. I like to know what my patients’ goals are so I can tailor the treatment to help them achieve their goals as much as possible. Knowing what’s important to my patients helps me know what treatments to recommend or when to suggest a change to the treatment. I find that patients experience the most success if they are open to talking about their treatment options.
I take a collaborative approach with my patients. I like to know what my patients’ goals are so I can tailor the treatment to help them achieve their goals as much as possible. Knowing what’s important to my patients helps me know what treatments to recommend or when to suggest a change to the treatment. I find that patients experience the most success if they are open to talking about their treatment options.
(206) 222-6136 View (206) 222-6136
Photo of Northwest Child Psychiatry, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner in Bellevue, WA
Northwest Child Psychiatry
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, DNP, ARNP
Verified Verified
Bellevue, WA 98004
Not accepting new clients
NO Longer Accepting new patients at this time. My area of interest is working with children and adolescents, ages 3-18, with a particular interest in managing the care of those with Autism and ADHD. I firmly believe caring for your mental health is just as important as caring for your physical health in terms of achieving optimal health and function. I value the importance of using evidence-based methods, in addition to collaborating with my patients and their families to create the most successful plan of care and outcomes for each individual.
NO Longer Accepting new patients at this time. My area of interest is working with children and adolescents, ages 3-18, with a particular interest in managing the care of those with Autism and ADHD. I firmly believe caring for your mental health is just as important as caring for your physical health in terms of achieving optimal health and function. I value the importance of using evidence-based methods, in addition to collaborating with my patients and their families to create the most successful plan of care and outcomes for each individual.
(425) 242-5057 View (425) 242-5057

More Psychiatrists Nearby

Photo of Dianna Smith, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner in Bellevue, WA
Dianna Smith
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, MSN, PMHNPBC, ARNP
Verified Verified
Seattle, WA 98101  (Online Only)
Hi, are you ready to feel better sooner? I am a Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner currently seeing patients virtually in IL, WA, OR, and NC with BlueSky Telepsych. We specialize in PTSD, Depression, Trauma, Bipolar Disorder, OCD, Anxiety, Anger Management, Panic Disorders, Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, Psychotic Disorders, Grief, Bereavement, ADHD, Psychotherapy, Medication Management, Personality Disorders, and More. Book an appointment today and feel better sooner.
Hi, are you ready to feel better sooner? I am a Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner currently seeing patients virtually in IL, WA, OR, and NC with BlueSky Telepsych. We specialize in PTSD, Depression, Trauma, Bipolar Disorder, OCD, Anxiety, Anger Management, Panic Disorders, Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, Psychotic Disorders, Grief, Bereavement, ADHD, Psychotherapy, Medication Management, Personality Disorders, and More. Book an appointment today and feel better sooner.
(630) 755-3480 View (630) 755-3480
Photo of VirtualPsychiatricCare.com, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner in Bellevue, WA
VirtualPsychiatricCare.com
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, MSN, PMHNP, APRN
Verified Verified
Kirkland, WA 98033  (Online Only)
Full psychiatric evaluations and medication management are offered via video conference or phone call.
We are board-certified to treat Children and Adults. Accepting new patients via telehealth visits in Washington state for psychiatric evaluations and medication management. Our clients are looking to be properly diagnosed and treated using the safest prescribing principles. Make your appointment on our website. Evening and weekend hours are available. Affordable rates. Also accepting some insurance plans.
Full psychiatric evaluations and medication management are offered via video conference or phone call.
We are board-certified to treat Children and Adults. Accepting new patients via telehealth visits in Washington state for psychiatric evaluations and medication management. Our clients are looking to be properly diagnosed and treated using the safest prescribing principles. Make your appointment on our website. Evening and weekend hours are available. Affordable rates. Also accepting some insurance plans.
(253) 528-7487 View (253) 528-7487
Photo of Pw Psych NP Services Pllc, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner in Bellevue, WA
Pw Psych NP Services Pllc
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, MA, PMHNP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Seattle, WA 98121  (Online Only)
I offer Psychiatrc Evaluation and Medication Management via telehealth in the confort of your home,Treating depression, bipolar, anxiety, and ADHD and more; we can analyze the issue together.
About the Provider: I am a Board Certified, Mental Health Nurse Practitioner, (PMHNP-BC). I obtained my prfessional degree from Walden University. Over the years, I had professional affiliations with reputable mental health facilities including Bakersfield behavior, John George psych and more. I treat children and adults affected by various mental illness with care and compassion. I utilize Evidence Based Practice model to make treatment choices. I am specialized in treating ADHD, depression, anxiety and mood instability. Stimulant and non stimulant treatment are available. I do conduct ADHD screening and testing before treatment.
I offer Psychiatrc Evaluation and Medication Management via telehealth in the confort of your home,Treating depression, bipolar, anxiety, and ADHD and more; we can analyze the issue together.
About the Provider: I am a Board Certified, Mental Health Nurse Practitioner, (PMHNP-BC). I obtained my prfessional degree from Walden University. Over the years, I had professional affiliations with reputable mental health facilities including Bakersfield behavior, John George psych and more. I treat children and adults affected by various mental illness with care and compassion. I utilize Evidence Based Practice model to make treatment choices. I am specialized in treating ADHD, depression, anxiety and mood instability. Stimulant and non stimulant treatment are available. I do conduct ADHD screening and testing before treatment.
(206) 829-6563 View (206) 829-6563
Photo of Dr. Nonye Rosemary Eneje, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner in Bellevue, WA
Dr. Nonye Rosemary Eneje
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, DNP, FNP-BC, PMHNPBC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Seattle, WA 98121  (Online Only)
Patient driven, family-centered, compassionate care are the basis for treatment plans that include psychotherapy and medication management for best patient outcomes.
Dr. Eneje is a doctoral prepared, licensed, and dual board-certified family nurse practitioner and psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner. She received her Doctor of Nursing Practice and Post Masters Certification in Psychiatric Mental Healthcare from Brandman University, Irvine California. She received a Masters of Science as a Family Nurse Practitioner and a Bachelor of Science in nursing from Tennessee State University, Nashville TN. Dr. Eneje is part of the Sigma Theta Tau nursing honor society. She provides virtual/telehealth services through a secure and HIPAA compliant video conference platform.
Patient driven, family-centered, compassionate care are the basis for treatment plans that include psychotherapy and medication management for best patient outcomes.
Dr. Eneje is a doctoral prepared, licensed, and dual board-certified family nurse practitioner and psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner. She received her Doctor of Nursing Practice and Post Masters Certification in Psychiatric Mental Healthcare from Brandman University, Irvine California. She received a Masters of Science as a Family Nurse Practitioner and a Bachelor of Science in nursing from Tennessee State University, Nashville TN. Dr. Eneje is part of the Sigma Theta Tau nursing honor society. She provides virtual/telehealth services through a secure and HIPAA compliant video conference platform.
(206) 737-1142 View (206) 737-1142
Photo of Dr. Bridgette Jeffries, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner in Bellevue, WA
Dr. Bridgette Jeffries
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, DNP, ARNP, PMHNP, BC
Verified Verified
Kirkland, WA 98033
Specialized services include performing comprehensive psychiatric diagnostic evaluations; providing evidence-based medication management; brief psychotherapy; supportive therapy and life coaching.
I am doctorally prepared from the University of Washington and board certified Family Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner (PMHNP). Additionally, as a nurse of 30 years, my experience covers a broad spectrum of providing a multitude of services to individuals and families from all walks of life and economic backgrounds. As a board certified PMHNP, my practice will focus on providing services from the adolescent years throughout the life span. My goal is to meet you where you are in your journey and enhance you with tools that will be life changing. We will collaborate together to identify the best holistic approach.
Specialized services include performing comprehensive psychiatric diagnostic evaluations; providing evidence-based medication management; brief psychotherapy; supportive therapy and life coaching.
I am doctorally prepared from the University of Washington and board certified Family Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner (PMHNP). Additionally, as a nurse of 30 years, my experience covers a broad spectrum of providing a multitude of services to individuals and families from all walks of life and economic backgrounds. As a board certified PMHNP, my practice will focus on providing services from the adolescent years throughout the life span. My goal is to meet you where you are in your journey and enhance you with tools that will be life changing. We will collaborate together to identify the best holistic approach.
(206) 795-7388 View (206) 795-7388
Photo of Maryam Gulraiz, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner in Bellevue, WA
Maryam Gulraiz
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP-B
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Seattle, WA 98101  (Online Only)
Using a person-centered, team-based approach, I offer psychiatric diagnostic evaluations, medication management, and supportive psychotherapy.
I am a provider with several years of experience in treating mental health. I have a special interest in relationship and social difficulties and how masking and rejection sensitivity impacts mental health. Issues I work with are: Anxiety, Depression, social anxiety, perfectionism, Sleep problems, relationship issues and trauma, problems at school or work (motivation, attention, and interpersonal problems), Bipolar Disorder, OCD and many more. I use an individualized approach based on my client's needs. If this sounds somewhat familiar, I would like to help you in this healing journey.
Using a person-centered, team-based approach, I offer psychiatric diagnostic evaluations, medication management, and supportive psychotherapy.
I am a provider with several years of experience in treating mental health. I have a special interest in relationship and social difficulties and how masking and rejection sensitivity impacts mental health. Issues I work with are: Anxiety, Depression, social anxiety, perfectionism, Sleep problems, relationship issues and trauma, problems at school or work (motivation, attention, and interpersonal problems), Bipolar Disorder, OCD and many more. I use an individualized approach based on my client's needs. If this sounds somewhat familiar, I would like to help you in this healing journey.
(206) 775-7217 View (206) 775-7217
Photo of Matthew Soden, Psychiatrist in Bellevue, WA
Matthew Soden
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
Seattle, WA 98101
I approach our work in a spirit of collaboration. My therapeutic approach is warm, compassionate and kind with the goal of cultivating an environment where progress can take place. Some the conditions that I commonly evaluate and treat include depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, trauma related conditions, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (adhd), psychosis, neurodevelopmental conditions, autism spectrum disorder, issues that often affect LGBTQ+ individuals, professionals in crisis, cultural stressors and family conflict. I provide comprehensive psychiatric evaluations, medication management and therapy.
I approach our work in a spirit of collaboration. My therapeutic approach is warm, compassionate and kind with the goal of cultivating an environment where progress can take place. Some the conditions that I commonly evaluate and treat include depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, trauma related conditions, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (adhd), psychosis, neurodevelopmental conditions, autism spectrum disorder, issues that often affect LGBTQ+ individuals, professionals in crisis, cultural stressors and family conflict. I provide comprehensive psychiatric evaluations, medication management and therapy.
(720) 740-8322 View (720) 740-8322
Photo of Complete Health Clinic, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner in Bellevue, WA
Complete Health Clinic
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PhD, FNP-C, PMHNPBC
Verified Verified
Seattle, WA 98101  (Online Only)
We treat all ages and also provide medication management services.
Complete Health clinics mission is to provide excellent Medical and Psychiatric care to patients and family. Our goal is to provide quality care to ​multiple communities and States. We offer onsite and telepsychiatry options to fit your needs. We are a multispecialty clinic that acts as a one stop point so that you can reserve time and energy for other important things that matters. We are committed to continuously educating ourselves and incorporating the best of technology to provide excellent care to our patients.
We treat all ages and also provide medication management services.
Complete Health clinics mission is to provide excellent Medical and Psychiatric care to patients and family. Our goal is to provide quality care to ​multiple communities and States. We offer onsite and telepsychiatry options to fit your needs. We are a multispecialty clinic that acts as a one stop point so that you can reserve time and energy for other important things that matters. We are committed to continuously educating ourselves and incorporating the best of technology to provide excellent care to our patients.
(562) 503-4547 View (562) 503-4547
Medication Management Psychiatrists

What are the most effective ways to manage medications?

One of the most effective ways a patient can manage their medications is to keep a list of each drug and dosage they take. Such a list can be helpful in keeping to their schedule and can also be something they bring to their psychiatrist or other physician so that the healthcare provider has a clear picture of what they’re taking and in what quantity. Using a pill organizer can be useful for memory and organization. Patients should discuss their medications and their effects at every appointment.

What are the risks if medications are not managed properly?

A suboptimal approach to medication management can lead to potentially harmful health outcomes. Most psychiatric drugs have side effects, and if a patient is not aware of them, they may seek additional medical help or over the counter or prescription drugs to treat the side effects, which may have its own side effects, a process called “prescription cascade.” Another risk to disorganization is that a psychiatrist without full knowledge of a patient’s regimen could prescribe a medication that should not be mixed with a patient’s existing drugs.

What’s the best way to encourage someone to get help managing their medications?

It’s helpful to express concern and love for the person while framing medication management as a tool for improving their life and avoiding dangerous side effects. Offering specific examples of an individual’s failure to properly manage their medication regimen should be done with compassion and with empathy. It may be useful to break management down into parts, and there are several apps that can be used to organize which drugs are ingested, when they need to be refilled, and how they should be stored.

Are there natural treatments that can replace medications?

While there are many medications that can be vital to mental health, there are some natural lifestyle changes that can help reduce the need for drugs. Regular exercise, good sleep habits, a healthy diet, and therapy can all go a long way in symptom relief. Psychiatric medications typically treat symptoms but do not necessarily treat the cause of the condition. Many clinicians consider medications an adjunct to treatment rather than a treatment in and of itself.