Therapists in Encinitas, CA

Photo of Louisa Lurkis, Psychologist in Encinitas, CA
Louisa Lurkis
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Encinitas, CA 92024
There is no way around the fact that life throws ongoing curve balls, and sometimes those balls feel enormously overwhelming. I see therapy as a means to help people move through their suffering and finds better ways to experience their life and develop aspects of their brain that equip them to feel more joy, inner comfort, inner integration and meaning. I work empathically to build awareness of repetitive patterns, gain relief from emotional pain and help build deeper connections to oneself and others. My careful use of attunement and connecting one's core self to younger "parts" of the mind creates deep change.
There is no way around the fact that life throws ongoing curve balls, and sometimes those balls feel enormously overwhelming. I see therapy as a means to help people move through their suffering and finds better ways to experience their life and develop aspects of their brain that equip them to feel more joy, inner comfort, inner integration and meaning. I work empathically to build awareness of repetitive patterns, gain relief from emotional pain and help build deeper connections to oneself and others. My careful use of attunement and connecting one's core self to younger "parts" of the mind creates deep change.
(760) 642-1560 View (760) 642-1560
Photo of Cecilia Duenas, Psychologist in Encinitas, CA
Cecilia Duenas
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Encinitas, CA 92024
Waitlist for new clients
Hello, I am licensed clinical psychologist with training across several mental health areas. I am fluent in Spanish & experienced in bilingual assessment & treatment. I have extensive training in pediatric psychology & neuropsychology, specifically with issues surrounding medical diagnosis, adjustment & coping, and loss & bereavement. I am well versed in the treatment of depression, anxiety, PTSD, bereavement, trauma, adjustment disorders, and behavioral issues. I am committed to a culturally responsive treatment for all my clients. Having worked in a variety of settings including 3 Children's Hospitals, community based settings, research & private practice I can treat a variety of concerns.
Hello, I am licensed clinical psychologist with training across several mental health areas. I am fluent in Spanish & experienced in bilingual assessment & treatment. I have extensive training in pediatric psychology & neuropsychology, specifically with issues surrounding medical diagnosis, adjustment & coping, and loss & bereavement. I am well versed in the treatment of depression, anxiety, PTSD, bereavement, trauma, adjustment disorders, and behavioral issues. I am committed to a culturally responsive treatment for all my clients. Having worked in a variety of settings including 3 Children's Hospitals, community based settings, research & private practice I can treat a variety of concerns.
(760) 517-1798 View (760) 517-1798
Photo of Minne Younis, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Encinitas, CA
Minne Younis
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MS, AMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Encinitas, CA 92024
I am committed to providing you with a safe space where you can practice self-acceptance, self-compassion, and healing. Through a trusting and a collaborative therapeutic relationship, I am devoted to help you explore your strengths, values, and motivations for living a meaningful and fulfilling life and to reach your greatest potential.
I am committed to providing you with a safe space where you can practice self-acceptance, self-compassion, and healing. Through a trusting and a collaborative therapeutic relationship, I am devoted to help you explore your strengths, values, and motivations for living a meaningful and fulfilling life and to reach your greatest potential.
(760) 465-0829 View (760) 465-0829
Photo of Dr. Danielle Parker, Psychologist in Encinitas, CA
Dr. Danielle Parker
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Encinitas, CA 92024
Asking for help is one of the most difficult things to do for yourself or your child. You've taken the first step, so let us help you with the next. My goal is to provide a safe space and build strong therapeutic alliances with all of my clients. I promise to make each treatment plan unique to you in order to fully capture your individual needs and facilitate lasting change. My therapy dog, Bowlby, may greet you at the door and is present to provide comfort and cuddles.
Asking for help is one of the most difficult things to do for yourself or your child. You've taken the first step, so let us help you with the next. My goal is to provide a safe space and build strong therapeutic alliances with all of my clients. I promise to make each treatment plan unique to you in order to fully capture your individual needs and facilitate lasting change. My therapy dog, Bowlby, may greet you at the door and is present to provide comfort and cuddles.
(760) 407-3102 View (760) 407-3102
Photo of Ashley Mullica, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Encinitas, CA
Ashley Mullica
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Encinitas, CA 92024
Are you tired of feeling stuck, lost, anxious or depressed? Have you experienced a recent loss or are you struggling with relationship difficulties? Are you feeling overwhelmed by anxiety or trauma? I provide a safe, non-judgmental, and compassionate environment where a healthy therapeutic relationship is built so that you can work towards overcoming these obstacles and move on with life! I will collaborate with you to help achieve your goals and provide honest feedback and practical, straightforward, and effective interventions. I view each client as unique and adapt my approach to meet your individualized needs.
Are you tired of feeling stuck, lost, anxious or depressed? Have you experienced a recent loss or are you struggling with relationship difficulties? Are you feeling overwhelmed by anxiety or trauma? I provide a safe, non-judgmental, and compassionate environment where a healthy therapeutic relationship is built so that you can work towards overcoming these obstacles and move on with life! I will collaborate with you to help achieve your goals and provide honest feedback and practical, straightforward, and effective interventions. I view each client as unique and adapt my approach to meet your individualized needs.
(760) 407-2827 View (760) 407-2827
Photo of Anna Louise Nelson, Psychological Associate in Encinitas, CA
Anna Louise Nelson
Psychological Associate
Verified Verified
Encinitas, CA 92024
Are you feeling stuck or unmotivated? Do you feel like there is something blocking you from moving forward in life? My hope in therapy is to empower people. Whether that is to empower them to find new solutions to old problems, a better way of managing their anxiety or depression; or a whole new way of being in relationships. We all need to feel empowered in our own lives but often find road blocks that keep us from reaching our potential.
Are you feeling stuck or unmotivated? Do you feel like there is something blocking you from moving forward in life? My hope in therapy is to empower people. Whether that is to empower them to find new solutions to old problems, a better way of managing their anxiety or depression; or a whole new way of being in relationships. We all need to feel empowered in our own lives but often find road blocks that keep us from reaching our potential.
(760) 819-7197 View (760) 819-7197
Photo of Tom Manheim, Psychologist in Encinitas, CA
Tom Manheim
Psychologist, PhD, Psy, MFT
Verified Verified
Encinitas, CA 92024
Thanks for considering collaborating with me. I am a licensed clinical psychologist and have worked also as a marriage and family therapist also. I began in this field about 30yrs ago. My experience comes from working in psychiatric inpatient and intensive outpatient hospitals as well as private practice. Primarily I specialize in stress, anxiety, depression, trauma, painful life situations, and relationship issues. I utilize CBT, DBT, humanistic, mindfulness, and meditation along with other appropriate therapies. Support is provided in an understanding, respectful and warm office setting as we work together toward your goals.
Thanks for considering collaborating with me. I am a licensed clinical psychologist and have worked also as a marriage and family therapist also. I began in this field about 30yrs ago. My experience comes from working in psychiatric inpatient and intensive outpatient hospitals as well as private practice. Primarily I specialize in stress, anxiety, depression, trauma, painful life situations, and relationship issues. I utilize CBT, DBT, humanistic, mindfulness, and meditation along with other appropriate therapies. Support is provided in an understanding, respectful and warm office setting as we work together toward your goals.
(760) 550-2122 View (760) 550-2122
Photo of Nancy M Beehn, Marriage & Family Therapist in Encinitas, CA
Nancy M Beehn
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Encinitas, CA 92024  (Online Only)
Is your teen or pre-teen suffering from depression or anxiety? Are they struggling in school or with their peer group? Through the use of cognitive behavioral strategies, your child can learn new ways of thinking and coping. Children and teens don't always have the ability, or the words, to share how they are really feeling. Instead it comes out in their behaviors, which often times ends up creating conflict, disharmony and upset. It doesn't have to be this way. Your child and your family can enjoy being together. It is possible to see your child or teen be their best self!
Is your teen or pre-teen suffering from depression or anxiety? Are they struggling in school or with their peer group? Through the use of cognitive behavioral strategies, your child can learn new ways of thinking and coping. Children and teens don't always have the ability, or the words, to share how they are really feeling. Instead it comes out in their behaviors, which often times ends up creating conflict, disharmony and upset. It doesn't have to be this way. Your child and your family can enjoy being together. It is possible to see your child or teen be their best self!
(760) 642-5267 View (760) 642-5267
Photo of Danielle Sfeir, Marriage & Family Therapist in Encinitas, CA
Danielle Sfeir
Marriage & Family Therapist
Verified Verified
Encinitas, CA 92024
Dani is a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist with a Masters of Arts degree in Marriage and Family Therapy from Alliant International University. She has extensive experience working with teens, young adults, adults, and families at both the outpatient and residential level of care and has special interest and experience in treating eating disorders, anxiety, depression, suicidality, self-harm, emotion dysregulation and trauma.
Dani is a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist with a Masters of Arts degree in Marriage and Family Therapy from Alliant International University. She has extensive experience working with teens, young adults, adults, and families at both the outpatient and residential level of care and has special interest and experience in treating eating disorders, anxiety, depression, suicidality, self-harm, emotion dysregulation and trauma.
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Photo of Thomas Conte Manheim, Psychologist in Encinitas, CA
Thomas Conte Manheim
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Encinitas, CA 92024
Many of us would like to be more satisfied with our lives. We seemingly seek therapy because we may need some support in finding a new way to become happier and at peace. My job is to collaborate with you so we can draw from your inner strength and wisdom to find solutions. You may let go of some old ways of thinking and feeling that no longer serve you and instead adopt new more positive beliefs.There will be increased clarity and joy in your life. Specialties: feeling stuck, anxiety, job stress, depression, loss, couples issues, financial, and spirituality.
Many of us would like to be more satisfied with our lives. We seemingly seek therapy because we may need some support in finding a new way to become happier and at peace. My job is to collaborate with you so we can draw from your inner strength and wisdom to find solutions. You may let go of some old ways of thinking and feeling that no longer serve you and instead adopt new more positive beliefs.There will be increased clarity and joy in your life. Specialties: feeling stuck, anxiety, job stress, depression, loss, couples issues, financial, and spirituality.
(760) 550-2122 View (760) 550-2122
Photo of Stephanie Raducha Brown, Psychologist in Encinitas, CA
Stephanie Raducha Brown
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Encinitas, CA 92024  (Online Only)
I specialize in treating adults who have been diagnosed with eating disorders (anorexia, bulimia, and binge-eating), anxiety, depression, and substance-use disorders. I also have a wide range of experience with active-duty Service Members and Veterans, particularly trauma survivors struggling with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), sexual assault, and moral injury.
I specialize in treating adults who have been diagnosed with eating disorders (anorexia, bulimia, and binge-eating), anxiety, depression, and substance-use disorders. I also have a wide range of experience with active-duty Service Members and Veterans, particularly trauma survivors struggling with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), sexual assault, and moral injury.
(760) 840-2138 View (760) 840-2138
Photo of Amanda Freeman, Psychologist in Encinitas, CA
Amanda Freeman
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
7 Endorsed
Encinitas, CA 92024
Tired of feeling frustrated? Caring for all those around you takes up a lot of time and before you know it, you have none left for yourself. You might feel like you're going about your day, getting things done, but feeling lost. Maybe this turns into despair, irritation, worry? You want to do the things that feel meaningful and important again. But without wondering whether you should or could. Without the guilt. I'm here to help you find the things that feel meaningful and to find your way to back to this. To find the ways to deepen those important relationships and feel more fulfilled.
Tired of feeling frustrated? Caring for all those around you takes up a lot of time and before you know it, you have none left for yourself. You might feel like you're going about your day, getting things done, but feeling lost. Maybe this turns into despair, irritation, worry? You want to do the things that feel meaningful and important again. But without wondering whether you should or could. Without the guilt. I'm here to help you find the things that feel meaningful and to find your way to back to this. To find the ways to deepen those important relationships and feel more fulfilled.
(760) 363-5746 View (760) 363-5746
Robyn Johnson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Encinitas, CA 92024
Robyn Johnson is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) who provides psychotherapy to those who are suffering from mental, familial, social, and/or medical issues. She earned her undergraduate bachelor's degree from the University of Southern California (USC). Then, continued on to earn her Master's Degree in Social Work with an emphasis in Mental Health from USC as well. Robyn works with individuals who are looking to gain insight into themselves and improve their quality of life.
Robyn Johnson is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) who provides psychotherapy to those who are suffering from mental, familial, social, and/or medical issues. She earned her undergraduate bachelor's degree from the University of Southern California (USC). Then, continued on to earn her Master's Degree in Social Work with an emphasis in Mental Health from USC as well. Robyn works with individuals who are looking to gain insight into themselves and improve their quality of life.
(760) 387-8952 View (760) 387-8952
Photo of Kyle Cablay, Marriage & Family Therapist in Encinitas, CA
Kyle Cablay
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Encinitas, CA 92024
Visit navigatethehelm.com. A unique and effective process for individuals, couples, and families to enter into vulnerability, safety, and responsibility. Our purpose is for you to regain control of your life. I work to create a safe, supportive, and collaborative environment aiming to meet you where you are. It's not a "one size fits all" model- we are all uniquely and wonderfully made and the core of my work is the relationship between the client and the therapist. I have experience with teens, adults, and couples who are battling stress and anxiety, depression, relational complications, and spiritual issues.
Visit navigatethehelm.com. A unique and effective process for individuals, couples, and families to enter into vulnerability, safety, and responsibility. Our purpose is for you to regain control of your life. I work to create a safe, supportive, and collaborative environment aiming to meet you where you are. It's not a "one size fits all" model- we are all uniquely and wonderfully made and the core of my work is the relationship between the client and the therapist. I have experience with teens, adults, and couples who are battling stress and anxiety, depression, relational complications, and spiritual issues.
(760) 642-6607 View (760) 642-6607
Photo of Jay Wick, Marriage & Family Therapist in Encinitas, CA
Jay Wick
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
7 Endorsed
Encinitas, CA 92024
I work with individuals, couples and families, ranging from middle school age upward. My primary focus, no matter the age or presenting problem, is to provide a nonjudgmental and unconditional space to process whatever difficulties you may be facing. I take a collaborative approach to sessions, meaning we work together each week to determine the best goals for your particular circumstance. I have an extensive background, both personal and professional, in the helping navigate the various challenges that come with substance abuse. I bring a level of understanding to the recovery process that can only be gained by having lived it.
I work with individuals, couples and families, ranging from middle school age upward. My primary focus, no matter the age or presenting problem, is to provide a nonjudgmental and unconditional space to process whatever difficulties you may be facing. I take a collaborative approach to sessions, meaning we work together each week to determine the best goals for your particular circumstance. I have an extensive background, both personal and professional, in the helping navigate the various challenges that come with substance abuse. I bring a level of understanding to the recovery process that can only be gained by having lived it.
(760) 227-7471 View (760) 227-7471
Photo of Matthew J. Jarvinen, Psychologist in Encinitas, CA
Matthew J. Jarvinen
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Encinitas, CA 92024
Hi, I specialize in psychotherapy and have worked in the field of mental health for over 10 years. I am currently accepting new clients as of 4/16/2024. If you are looking for a therapist, there are two things I want you to know:
Hi, I specialize in psychotherapy and have worked in the field of mental health for over 10 years. I am currently accepting new clients as of 4/16/2024. If you are looking for a therapist, there are two things I want you to know:
(916) 507-1447 View (916) 507-1447
Photo of Amy Eisenhower-Omholt, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Encinitas, CA
Amy Eisenhower-Omholt
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Verified Verified
Encinitas, CA 92024
If you are experiencing a rough patch in your life where the difficulties seem relentless and insurmountable, know that you are not alone. Life is problematic. We all get caught in a stress loop at some point in our lives. We want to feel less stressed and more alive but most of us aren’t taught how to digest our stressful emotions properly and end up stuck on the hamster wheel. Being in a relaxed and energized mind and body is the experience of self-regulation. As an experienced counselor and teacher, I teach self-management skills to help you learn how to self-regulate in the here and now.
If you are experiencing a rough patch in your life where the difficulties seem relentless and insurmountable, know that you are not alone. Life is problematic. We all get caught in a stress loop at some point in our lives. We want to feel less stressed and more alive but most of us aren’t taught how to digest our stressful emotions properly and end up stuck on the hamster wheel. Being in a relaxed and energized mind and body is the experience of self-regulation. As an experienced counselor and teacher, I teach self-management skills to help you learn how to self-regulate in the here and now.
(760) 512-8174 View (760) 512-8174
Photo of Mary Wiggins, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Encinitas, CA
Mary Wiggins
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Encinitas, CA 92024
Do you ever wish you had someone to talk to..someone you could trust.. someone who understands and really listens? I would like to extend a helping hand and together we can work toward overcoming the hurt and pain you feel inside. As a result you will gain greater insight and self-awareness about yourself and your behaviors. This can be a springboard to change. I provide a safe, non-judgemental, and supportive environment to help you with your healing process. I am now offering telehealth appointments.
Do you ever wish you had someone to talk to..someone you could trust.. someone who understands and really listens? I would like to extend a helping hand and together we can work toward overcoming the hurt and pain you feel inside. As a result you will gain greater insight and self-awareness about yourself and your behaviors. This can be a springboard to change. I provide a safe, non-judgemental, and supportive environment to help you with your healing process. I am now offering telehealth appointments.
(442) 218-2857 View (442) 218-2857
Photo of Dr. Nastassia Riser, Psychologist in Encinitas, CA
Dr. Nastassia Riser
Psychologist, MS, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Encinitas, CA 92024
Dr. Riser has over 10 years of experience providing Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), and various other evidence-based approaches for the treatment of mood, anxiety, and personality disorders with special interest in emotion regulation, self-harm, and suicidality. Dr. Riser is an integrative psychologist, utilizing science-based interventions while also taking a holistic, mind + body, indivualized approach to treatment. Dr. Riser earned her PhD in Clinical Psychology from The Chicago Medical School/RFUMS with a concentration in psychopathology.
Dr. Riser has over 10 years of experience providing Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), and various other evidence-based approaches for the treatment of mood, anxiety, and personality disorders with special interest in emotion regulation, self-harm, and suicidality. Dr. Riser is an integrative psychologist, utilizing science-based interventions while also taking a holistic, mind + body, indivualized approach to treatment. Dr. Riser earned her PhD in Clinical Psychology from The Chicago Medical School/RFUMS with a concentration in psychopathology.
(760) 280-7340 View (760) 280-7340
Photo of Jacob Sadan, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Encinitas, CA
Jacob Sadan
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Encinitas, CA 92024
I am an Associate Marriage and Family Therapist at Emotion Fit serving people in the grater San Diego, California area. My goal is to support you on your journey towards understanding and growth. With warmth and experience, I specialize in working with individuals, couples, and families, helping to navigate life's challenges together. My practice also extends to serving seniors, diverse ethnic communities, and individuals of faith, ensuring a culturally open and inclusive therapeutic environment for all. My diverse ethic background especially allows me to connect with individuals from a variety of cultural backgrounds.
I am an Associate Marriage and Family Therapist at Emotion Fit serving people in the grater San Diego, California area. My goal is to support you on your journey towards understanding and growth. With warmth and experience, I specialize in working with individuals, couples, and families, helping to navigate life's challenges together. My practice also extends to serving seniors, diverse ethnic communities, and individuals of faith, ensuring a culturally open and inclusive therapeutic environment for all. My diverse ethic background especially allows me to connect with individuals from a variety of cultural backgrounds.
(760) 437-2071 View (760) 437-2071

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Encinitas, CA

500+

Average cost per session

$175

Therapists in Encinitas, CA who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
88% Depression
78% Relationship Issues
70% Trauma and PTSD
70% Self Esteem
65% Stress
64% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

14 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

70% Aetna
60% Cigna and Evernorth
51% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Encinitas, CA see their clients

72% In Person and Online
28% Online Only

Gender breakdown

80% Female
19% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Encinitas?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.