Therapists in Chicago, IL

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Photo of Wild Hope Counseling, Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor in Chicago, IL
Wild Hope Counseling
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, MA, LCPC
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60618  (Online Only)
Kate’s goal is to bring a compassionate, and non-judgemental strong clinical background to meet clients where they are currently struggling. She can help facilitate and explore healthy ways to cope, accept, and move through difficult emotions that are keeping you stuck.
Kate’s goal is to bring a compassionate, and non-judgemental strong clinical background to meet clients where they are currently struggling. She can help facilitate and explore healthy ways to cope, accept, and move through difficult emotions that are keeping you stuck.
(815) 671-4795 View (815) 671-4795
Photo of Alice Gehrke, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Alice Gehrke
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60640  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
I am passionate about supporting individuals and families through their unique journeys with warmth, authenticity, and creativity. I believe in blending humor, play, and real connections to help my clients achieve their goals. I work with people across all ages, backgrounds, and identities, with a special focus on helping those who have experienced complex trauma and attachment wounds. Alongside this work, I'm also passionate about helping individuals explore their identities, and supporting parents and caregivers as they navigate caring for others while still showing themselves the same kindness.
I am passionate about supporting individuals and families through their unique journeys with warmth, authenticity, and creativity. I believe in blending humor, play, and real connections to help my clients achieve their goals. I work with people across all ages, backgrounds, and identities, with a special focus on helping those who have experienced complex trauma and attachment wounds. Alongside this work, I'm also passionate about helping individuals explore their identities, and supporting parents and caregivers as they navigate caring for others while still showing themselves the same kindness.
(773) 830-6336 View (773) 830-6336
Photo of Sarah Ward, Art Therapist in Chicago, IL
Sarah Ward
Art Therapist, MA, ATR
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60640
As trauma-informed clinical practitioner with over 25 years of experience, I am committed to helping children, teens and adults on their healing journey. I work with clients who have mood/anxiety disorders, OCD, addiction, self-esteem, grief, relationship issues, SA, DV, life transitions, sexuality, trauma and C-PTSD, adjustment challenges and identity exploration. I work with people therapeutically to make desired changes or simply improve well-being and sense of self. My experience includes people from all racial/cultural backgrounds, sexual preferences and gender identifications.
As trauma-informed clinical practitioner with over 25 years of experience, I am committed to helping children, teens and adults on their healing journey. I work with clients who have mood/anxiety disorders, OCD, addiction, self-esteem, grief, relationship issues, SA, DV, life transitions, sexuality, trauma and C-PTSD, adjustment challenges and identity exploration. I work with people therapeutically to make desired changes or simply improve well-being and sense of self. My experience includes people from all racial/cultural backgrounds, sexual preferences and gender identifications.
(773) 923-2975 View (773) 923-2975
Photo of Dr. Cadmona A Hall, Marriage & Family Therapist in Chicago, IL
Dr. Cadmona A Hall
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT, FT
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60602  (Online Only)
Hello, I'm Dr. Cadmona Hall, and I'm a licensed Marriage and Family Therapist with over 15 years of experience. I specialize in working with couples, individuals, and families. I bring passion and energy to the therapy room. I believe you have the ability to heal difficulties in your lives but you may need some extra help and specific tools. I want you to have a happy, healthy and productive life. I'm here to work together with you to accomplish your goals.
Hello, I'm Dr. Cadmona Hall, and I'm a licensed Marriage and Family Therapist with over 15 years of experience. I specialize in working with couples, individuals, and families. I bring passion and energy to the therapy room. I believe you have the ability to heal difficulties in your lives but you may need some extra help and specific tools. I want you to have a happy, healthy and productive life. I'm here to work together with you to accomplish your goals.
(312) 548-9081 View (312) 548-9081
Photo of Dr. Reginald Richardson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Dr. Reginald Richardson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, LCSW, ACSW
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60654
Dr. Reginald Richardson, our seasoned senior therapist, brings an impressive 35 years of expertise to rekindling hope, mutual respect, and love within couples’ relationships. If you’re struggling with communication and intimacy issues, Dr. Richardson is your trusted guide to reignite the spark in your partnership.
Dr. Reginald Richardson, our seasoned senior therapist, brings an impressive 35 years of expertise to rekindling hope, mutual respect, and love within couples’ relationships. If you’re struggling with communication and intimacy issues, Dr. Richardson is your trusted guide to reignite the spark in your partnership.
(872) 246-9875 View (872) 246-9875
Photo of Howard Ruan, Licensed Social Worker in Chicago, IL
Howard Ruan
Licensed Social Worker, LSW, MDiv
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60645  (Online Only)
I work with life transitions, grief, and spirituality. Maybe your sense of purpose or meaning has gone missing - maybe someone you know is no longer here, or perhaps something you thought was a certainty in your life - a job, a relationship, a friend, a pet, a community, your health or very life - is not so certain anymore. You don't know why or maybe even how. That's okay. We'll start there. We'll hold space together as we work collaboratively to build awareness, cultivate compassion toward your self no matter how your self shows up, and act toward your values and desires.
I work with life transitions, grief, and spirituality. Maybe your sense of purpose or meaning has gone missing - maybe someone you know is no longer here, or perhaps something you thought was a certainty in your life - a job, a relationship, a friend, a pet, a community, your health or very life - is not so certain anymore. You don't know why or maybe even how. That's okay. We'll start there. We'll hold space together as we work collaboratively to build awareness, cultivate compassion toward your self no matter how your self shows up, and act toward your values and desires.
(872) 267-9757 View (872) 267-9757
Photo of Gerald Gripshover, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Gerald Gripshover
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60615  (Online Only)
As a Social Worker since 1974 I have learned that people in trouble need help, not judgment and directives. Most people are not fully aware of the strengths they have and I have had the pleasure of helping people rediscover and use their strengths. I am most comfortable using Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, but other systems have influenced me: Solution Focused Therapy, Motivational Interviewing, and Acceptance/Self-Regulation/Competence (ARC). While theory is important, though, when the client comes in I need an open mind and heart to meet and appreciate the person coming for help.
As a Social Worker since 1974 I have learned that people in trouble need help, not judgment and directives. Most people are not fully aware of the strengths they have and I have had the pleasure of helping people rediscover and use their strengths. I am most comfortable using Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, but other systems have influenced me: Solution Focused Therapy, Motivational Interviewing, and Acceptance/Self-Regulation/Competence (ARC). While theory is important, though, when the client comes in I need an open mind and heart to meet and appreciate the person coming for help.
(773) 839-3695 View (773) 839-3695
Photo of Bridget M Iaccino, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Bridget M Iaccino
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60657
I approach therapy with a compassionate and trauma informed lens, viewing clients as more than what has happened to them. I seek to empower clients to recognize that through conscious awareness, acceptance, and compassion, everything they need is already within. I provide a non-shaming space and guide clients to reconnect with their inner selves, helping them understand their internal world, and access their own healing capabilities. I utilizes a systemic lens to therapy, which understands the important interplay between human behavior and past and current environmental influences and relationships with family, friends, and culture.
I approach therapy with a compassionate and trauma informed lens, viewing clients as more than what has happened to them. I seek to empower clients to recognize that through conscious awareness, acceptance, and compassion, everything they need is already within. I provide a non-shaming space and guide clients to reconnect with their inner selves, helping them understand their internal world, and access their own healing capabilities. I utilizes a systemic lens to therapy, which understands the important interplay between human behavior and past and current environmental influences and relationships with family, friends, and culture.
(872) 666-9679 View (872) 666-9679
Photo of Alexa Keramidas, Psychologist in Chicago, IL
Alexa Keramidas
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60601
I have special interest in working with clients who struggle with self-criticism and desire greater self-compassion and better understanding of themselves. When this self-criticism is related to body image, I work with clients from a Health At Every Size approach. One of my goals for all my clients is that they foster the same genuine compassion toward themselves that they so readily offer to their loved ones. Past clients have shared that our therapy work has felt consistently compassionate, warm, informal, and sensitive to various cultural identities. Some have remarked that therapy felt like confiding in a close friend!
I have special interest in working with clients who struggle with self-criticism and desire greater self-compassion and better understanding of themselves. When this self-criticism is related to body image, I work with clients from a Health At Every Size approach. One of my goals for all my clients is that they foster the same genuine compassion toward themselves that they so readily offer to their loved ones. Past clients have shared that our therapy work has felt consistently compassionate, warm, informal, and sensitive to various cultural identities. Some have remarked that therapy felt like confiding in a close friend!
(312) 598-1672 View (312) 598-1672
Photo of Dr. Damita LaRue, Psychologist in Chicago, IL
Dr. Damita LaRue
Psychologist, PsyD, CP, FT, CCISM
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60660  (Online Only)
Are you facing a new medical diagnosis or grieving the loss of a loved one? These massive changes can leave you feeling isolated, anxious, and unsure of where to turn. You might also feel overwhelmed by all that there is to do now: How do I talk to my children and family? What if work finds out? How will I ever get through this? If you have recently received a chronic, acute, or terminal medical diagnosis, there is the added stress of navigating the medical system and the uncertainty of what is ahead. Eventually, the distress, anxiety, and sadness that comes as a result of these changes can feel all-consuming.
Are you facing a new medical diagnosis or grieving the loss of a loved one? These massive changes can leave you feeling isolated, anxious, and unsure of where to turn. You might also feel overwhelmed by all that there is to do now: How do I talk to my children and family? What if work finds out? How will I ever get through this? If you have recently received a chronic, acute, or terminal medical diagnosis, there is the added stress of navigating the medical system and the uncertainty of what is ahead. Eventually, the distress, anxiety, and sadness that comes as a result of these changes can feel all-consuming.
(773) 609-2069 View (773) 609-2069
Photo of Dr. Irma P. Khelghati, Psychologist in Chicago, IL
Dr. Irma P. Khelghati
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60618
As a licensed clinical psychologist grounded in the power of relationships and neuropsychology, my mission is to promote healthy development, healing, and emotional & relational wellbeing. I provide therapy and assessment from a dynamic, inclusive, and empowering stance that supports a genuine experience of connection along with learning, healing, and resilience building. I am also an experienced clinical supervisor who is devoted to supporting the clinical and leadership development of rising therapists and psychologists.
As a licensed clinical psychologist grounded in the power of relationships and neuropsychology, my mission is to promote healthy development, healing, and emotional & relational wellbeing. I provide therapy and assessment from a dynamic, inclusive, and empowering stance that supports a genuine experience of connection along with learning, healing, and resilience building. I am also an experienced clinical supervisor who is devoted to supporting the clinical and leadership development of rising therapists and psychologists.
(872) 231-3371 View (872) 231-3371
Photo of Donna Livesey, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Donna Livesey
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60657
Donna Livesey is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in Illinois who has been practicing since 2014. She attended the University of Wisconsin-Madison. Donna has specialized training in motivational interviewing, which helps her help the client make changes to substance use. She also has specialized training helping clients identify and recover from symptoms of childhood trauma. Donna has experience working with marginalized communities and also has specialized training in suicide grief, which helps her treat survivors who have lost loved ones to suicide.
Donna Livesey is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in Illinois who has been practicing since 2014. She attended the University of Wisconsin-Madison. Donna has specialized training in motivational interviewing, which helps her help the client make changes to substance use. She also has specialized training helping clients identify and recover from symptoms of childhood trauma. Donna has experience working with marginalized communities and also has specialized training in suicide grief, which helps her treat survivors who have lost loved ones to suicide.
(872) 250-5281 View (872) 250-5281
Photo of Erika Ostrander, Counselor in Chicago, IL
Erika Ostrander
Counselor, MA, MS, LCPC
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60657
I am a bilingual Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor specializing in the treatment of Anxiety, Depression, Trauma, and Women’s Mental Health. I enjoy working with those who are looking for an integrative approach and would like to incorporate psychological, emotional, and physical wellness into their lives.
I am a bilingual Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor specializing in the treatment of Anxiety, Depression, Trauma, and Women’s Mental Health. I enjoy working with those who are looking for an integrative approach and would like to incorporate psychological, emotional, and physical wellness into their lives.
(312) 239-8264 View (312) 239-8264
Photo of Jeannine Harris, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Jeannine Harris
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60606  (Online Only)
Things to Know About Me I Hold a Masters Degree in Social Work Administration and Community Practice from the (UIC) University of Illinois at Chicago, and a Bachelors Degree in Social Work from Southern University in Carbondale, Illinois. I have worked in the field of Behavioral Health, Child Welfare Counseling and Case Management for over 17 years. What you can can expect during your first appointment is meeting a non-judgmental, friendly professional who seeks to you know you personally and your unique needs to begin building a strong therapeutic rapport.
Things to Know About Me I Hold a Masters Degree in Social Work Administration and Community Practice from the (UIC) University of Illinois at Chicago, and a Bachelors Degree in Social Work from Southern University in Carbondale, Illinois. I have worked in the field of Behavioral Health, Child Welfare Counseling and Case Management for over 17 years. What you can can expect during your first appointment is meeting a non-judgmental, friendly professional who seeks to you know you personally and your unique needs to begin building a strong therapeutic rapport.
(224) 252-5422 View (224) 252-5422
Photo of Maureen D. Zigulich, Licensed Professional Counselor in Chicago, IL
Maureen D. Zigulich
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60607
Knowledge is power, especially when it comes to knowing yourself. Seeking therapy is a brave and honorable act. Healing and growth come from inviting ourselves to listen to our mind and body so we are able to approach life with self awareness and acceptance. By creating a safe space where one can feel heard, understood and accepted, I use humor and warmth to help clients gain insight, self awareness and finding resiliency in life's challenges.
Knowledge is power, especially when it comes to knowing yourself. Seeking therapy is a brave and honorable act. Healing and growth come from inviting ourselves to listen to our mind and body so we are able to approach life with self awareness and acceptance. By creating a safe space where one can feel heard, understood and accepted, I use humor and warmth to help clients gain insight, self awareness and finding resiliency in life's challenges.
(312) 626-8232 View (312) 626-8232
Photo of Gabrielle Carlwell, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Gabrielle Carlwell
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60618  (Online Only)
Accepting new clients of all ages with immediate availability! I pride myself on setting a space that permits you to take an inspired role in your healing journey, and it is my job to provide support and empowerment. I understand that therapy is not a one-size-fits-all practice, which is why I tailor my approach to each client depending on the nuance of the situation. It gives my life meaning to participate in a healing community, working one-on-one with people, offering a safe space to process whatever is needed: life, relationships, triggers, and other obstacles, and develop useful and pragmatic coping tools.
Accepting new clients of all ages with immediate availability! I pride myself on setting a space that permits you to take an inspired role in your healing journey, and it is my job to provide support and empowerment. I understand that therapy is not a one-size-fits-all practice, which is why I tailor my approach to each client depending on the nuance of the situation. It gives my life meaning to participate in a healing community, working one-on-one with people, offering a safe space to process whatever is needed: life, relationships, triggers, and other obstacles, and develop useful and pragmatic coping tools.
(847) 443-3548 View (847) 443-3548
Photo of Chris Tennant, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Chris Tennant
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, C-EMDR
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60613
Your decision to seek therapy is a sign of strength, courage, and respect for your personal well-being. I welcome people facing a variety of challenges including depression, anxiety, trauma, substance use challenges, LBGTQ+ identities, relationship issues, and the general "stuck" feeling. My therapeutic style is caring, encouraging and individualized in order to help each person learn skills to work with their emotions, see situations without judgment and recognize solutions that fit personal values. I also have a strong emphasis on diversity and social justice and incorporate it into my practice.
Your decision to seek therapy is a sign of strength, courage, and respect for your personal well-being. I welcome people facing a variety of challenges including depression, anxiety, trauma, substance use challenges, LBGTQ+ identities, relationship issues, and the general "stuck" feeling. My therapeutic style is caring, encouraging and individualized in order to help each person learn skills to work with their emotions, see situations without judgment and recognize solutions that fit personal values. I also have a strong emphasis on diversity and social justice and incorporate it into my practice.
(872) 239-3953 View (872) 239-3953
Photo of Yiyu Cheng, Pre-Licensed Professional in Chicago, IL
Yiyu Cheng
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60622
Maybe things aren’t “too bad”, and you are doing “pretty well”. Maybe you feel broken, lost, or hopeless about whether things can get better. I believe healing is possible, and everyone deserves love and support at times of struggle. How do we move beyond coping and towards healing? While it is normal to feel alone, we all live in relation to other people, institutions, systems, and cultures. I believe we can carve our ways toward a better quality of life by exploring our vulnerabilities, our needs, and our relationships.
Maybe things aren’t “too bad”, and you are doing “pretty well”. Maybe you feel broken, lost, or hopeless about whether things can get better. I believe healing is possible, and everyone deserves love and support at times of struggle. How do we move beyond coping and towards healing? While it is normal to feel alone, we all live in relation to other people, institutions, systems, and cultures. I believe we can carve our ways toward a better quality of life by exploring our vulnerabilities, our needs, and our relationships.
(773) 830-3361 View (773) 830-3361
Photo of Cindy Recinos, Licensed Professional Counselor in Chicago, IL
Cindy Recinos
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60640  (Online Only)
I'm a multicultural, LGBTQIA+ affirming, sex-positive therapist. I have worked with clients to address issues of desire discrepancy, lack of emotional and physical intimacy, difficulties with orgasm, erectile dysfunction, anxiety, mood dysregulation, substance use disorder, chronic pain, somatic symptoms, and trauma-related disorders.
I'm a multicultural, LGBTQIA+ affirming, sex-positive therapist. I have worked with clients to address issues of desire discrepancy, lack of emotional and physical intimacy, difficulties with orgasm, erectile dysfunction, anxiety, mood dysregulation, substance use disorder, chronic pain, somatic symptoms, and trauma-related disorders.
(773) 906-4051 View (773) 906-4051
Photo of Claudia Hall, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Claudia Hall
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60622
I believe that therapy can be a fulfilling and empowering experience for people in all walks of life. I work with individuals in late adolescence, young adults, and adults who are experiencing symptoms of anxiety, depression, ADHD, other anxiety and mood disorders, trauma, relationship challenges, life transitions, career wounds, family challenges, burnout, and other situational symptoms and challenges. No reason is too trivial or too big to bring to therapy. I strive to provide a warm, welcoming, and unconditionally supportive environment for all of my clients.
I believe that therapy can be a fulfilling and empowering experience for people in all walks of life. I work with individuals in late adolescence, young adults, and adults who are experiencing symptoms of anxiety, depression, ADHD, other anxiety and mood disorders, trauma, relationship challenges, life transitions, career wounds, family challenges, burnout, and other situational symptoms and challenges. No reason is too trivial or too big to bring to therapy. I strive to provide a warm, welcoming, and unconditionally supportive environment for all of my clients.
(708) 292-6147 x1 View (708) 292-6147 x1

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Chicago, IL

3,000+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Chicago, IL who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
88% Depression
79% Relationship Issues
77% Self Esteem
71% Trauma and PTSD
67% Coping Skills
67% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

95% BlueCross and BlueShield
59% Aetna
49% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Chicago, IL see their clients

63% In Person and Online
37% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
18% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Chicago?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.