ADHD Psychiatrists in Barre, MA

Photo of Antoinette Mailloux - Balanced Chemistry, PLLC, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, MSN, APRN, PMHNP
Balanced Chemistry, PLLC
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, MSN, APRN, PMHNP
Verified Verified
Barre, MA 01005
I see patients of all ages from MA and NH, treating conditions like anxiety, depression, ADHD, bipolar disorder, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and dual diagnosis, including substance use disorders.
My approach combines traditional mental health practices with alternative therapies, all while considering the unique needs of each individual. Whether you’re dealing with anxiety, depression, trauma, neurodiversity, or a combination of mental health and substance use issues, my goal is to provide care that’s compassionate, integrative, and effective.
I see patients of all ages from MA and NH, treating conditions like anxiety, depression, ADHD, bipolar disorder, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and dual diagnosis, including substance use disorders.
My approach combines traditional mental health practices with alternative therapies, all while considering the unique needs of each individual. Whether you’re dealing with anxiety, depression, trauma, neurodiversity, or a combination of mental health and substance use issues, my goal is to provide care that’s compassionate, integrative, and effective.
(978) 915-7236 View (978) 915-7236
Photo of Antoinette Mailloux, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP
Antoinette Mailloux
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Barre, MA 01005
My ideal client is someone who feels overwhelmed by anxiety, ADHD, mood changes, or past trauma and is ready to explore support.
I specialize in treating ADHD, anxiety, depression, and trauma across the lifespan. I offer medication management, supportive therapy, and education tailored to your unique needs. My goal is to help you feel understood, find relief, and build skills for long-term emotional well-being.
My ideal client is someone who feels overwhelmed by anxiety, ADHD, mood changes, or past trauma and is ready to explore support.
I specialize in treating ADHD, anxiety, depression, and trauma across the lifespan. I offer medication management, supportive therapy, and education tailored to your unique needs. My goal is to help you feel understood, find relief, and build skills for long-term emotional well-being.
(978) 285-9187 View (978) 285-9187
Photo of Lexi Regan - Holistic Well , Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP, BC
Holistic Well
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP, BC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Serves Area
We offer ADHD diagnosis and treatment for those 12 and older.
Hello and welcome! We are Lexi Regan and Lily Allen and we are psychiatric mental health nurse practitioners who provide medication management, therapy and holistic solutions for mental health. Through evidence-based practices and a collaborative approach, we can work together with you to enhance your mental well-being. Take the first step by scheduling an exploratory intake appointment, and let’s embark on your journey towards lasting wellness.
We offer ADHD diagnosis and treatment for those 12 and older.
Hello and welcome! We are Lexi Regan and Lily Allen and we are psychiatric mental health nurse practitioners who provide medication management, therapy and holistic solutions for mental health. Through evidence-based practices and a collaborative approach, we can work together with you to enhance your mental well-being. Take the first step by scheduling an exploratory intake appointment, and let’s embark on your journey towards lasting wellness.
(508) 690-8110 View (508) 690-8110

More Psychiatrists Nearby

Photo of William Z Barnard, Psychiatrist, MD
William Z Barnard
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Harvard, MA 01451
I am a board certified, Harvard-trained psychiatrist and specialize in helping people identify and manage ADHD, postpartum and peripartum emotional distress, anxiety, and depression.
I aim to be as transparent as possible so as to help you to identify if I might be that person for you. This is vital because it is crucial for you to trust your psychiatrist and feel confident that your concerns and needs will be addressed in a sensitive, respectful, and nonjudgmental way. Whether you are a new mom or dad struggling with the challenges of new parenthood, having difficulty adapting to a new job or role, feeling worried and overwhelmed, or feeling down and withdrawn, I may be able to help you recover and improve your quality of life.
I am a board certified, Harvard-trained psychiatrist and specialize in helping people identify and manage ADHD, postpartum and peripartum emotional distress, anxiety, and depression.
I aim to be as transparent as possible so as to help you to identify if I might be that person for you. This is vital because it is crucial for you to trust your psychiatrist and feel confident that your concerns and needs will be addressed in a sensitive, respectful, and nonjudgmental way. Whether you are a new mom or dad struggling with the challenges of new parenthood, having difficulty adapting to a new job or role, feeling worried and overwhelmed, or feeling down and withdrawn, I may be able to help you recover and improve your quality of life.
(774) 228-7420 View (774) 228-7420
Photo of Angela Wandungu, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, MSN, PMHNP
Angela Wandungu
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, MSN, PMHNP
Verified Verified
Serves Area
Her career has been focused on supporting individuals facing various challenges, including anxiety disorders, depression, substance use, ADHD, and sleep disorders, and navigating life experiences such as dating, career development, and relationships.
Angela's approach to therapy is collaborative, working alongside her clients to explore their emotions, thoughts, and behaviors. She recognizes the significance of addressing ambivalent thoughts and feelings and helping clients navigate uncertainties and challenges.
Her career has been focused on supporting individuals facing various challenges, including anxiety disorders, depression, substance use, ADHD, and sleep disorders, and navigating life experiences such as dating, career development, and relationships.
Angela's approach to therapy is collaborative, working alongside her clients to explore their emotions, thoughts, and behaviors. She recognizes the significance of addressing ambivalent thoughts and feelings and helping clients navigate uncertainties and challenges.
(347) 934-8778 View (347) 934-8778
Photo of Ramteen Rezai - TAK Center for Mental Health, Psychiatrist, MD
TAK Center for Mental Health
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
Leominster, MA 01453
I treat patients with a variety of psychiatric disorders including, but not limited to, anxiety disorders, mood disorders, psychotic disorders, ADHD and sleep disorders.
I am a board-certified general psychiatrist. I completed my residency training at New York Medical College at Westchester Medical Center, as well, as a two-year certification course in psychodynamic psychotherapy at New York Medical College Psychoanalytic Institute. I provide comprehensive, high-quality outpatient mental health services to a broad range of individuals and their families.
I treat patients with a variety of psychiatric disorders including, but not limited to, anxiety disorders, mood disorders, psychotic disorders, ADHD and sleep disorders.
I am a board-certified general psychiatrist. I completed my residency training at New York Medical College at Westchester Medical Center, as well, as a two-year certification course in psychodynamic psychotherapy at New York Medical College Psychoanalytic Institute. I provide comprehensive, high-quality outpatient mental health services to a broad range of individuals and their families.
(978) 307-1195 View (978) 307-1195
Photo of Us For More Information - EleMental Wellness Center , Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP, MSN
EleMental Wellness Center
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP, MSN
Verified Verified
Worcester, MA 01605
We are accepting new Clients for In-Person OR Telehealth appointments for adolescents 12 years and older and Adults 18 years and older: Here at EleMental Wellness Center, we provide diagnostic assessment and treatment for broad range of psychiatric illnesses including but not limited to: Mood Disorders [Depression/Bipolar disorder], Anxiety Disorders, ADHD, Adjustment disorders, OCD, PTSD, schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder, Alcohol use disorders and Panic disorders.
We recognize the individuality of all our clients and therefore tailor services to meet their unique needs. We offer both medication management and psychotherapy.
We are accepting new Clients for In-Person OR Telehealth appointments for adolescents 12 years and older and Adults 18 years and older: Here at EleMental Wellness Center, we provide diagnostic assessment and treatment for broad range of psychiatric illnesses including but not limited to: Mood Disorders [Depression/Bipolar disorder], Anxiety Disorders, ADHD, Adjustment disorders, OCD, PTSD, schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder, Alcohol use disorders and Panic disorders.
We recognize the individuality of all our clients and therefore tailor services to meet their unique needs. We offer both medication management and psychotherapy.
(508) 213-9438 View (508) 213-9438
Photo of Dr. Amy Prince, Psychiatrist, MD
Dr. Amy Prince
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
Online Only
But especially enjoys working with patients with mood disorders, anxiety and ADHD.
Dr. Amy Prince is a board certified adult psychiatrist who graduated from SUNY Downstate Medical Center and completed her residency training at UMass Medical Center, where she served as chief resident during her final year. Dr. Prince has worked with patients in a variety of treatment settings including inpatient, partial hospital programs, community mental health centers and outpatient.
But especially enjoys working with patients with mood disorders, anxiety and ADHD.
Dr. Amy Prince is a board certified adult psychiatrist who graduated from SUNY Downstate Medical Center and completed her residency training at UMass Medical Center, where she served as chief resident during her final year. Dr. Prince has worked with patients in a variety of treatment settings including inpatient, partial hospital programs, community mental health centers and outpatient.
(617) 410-4510 View (617) 410-4510
Photo of Akos Antwi - Revive Therapeutic Services, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, CRNP, PMHNP
Revive Therapeutic Services
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, CRNP, PMHNP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Serves Area
Our team of expert providers specializes in helping individuals just like you overcome barriers like depression, anxiety, ADHD, PTSD, life transitions, and more.
Our team consists of psychiatrists, therapists and psychiatric mental health nurse practitioners with years of experience. We offer Individual Therapy, Couples Therapy, Psychiatry Medication Management, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) and Genetic Testing.
Our team of expert providers specializes in helping individuals just like you overcome barriers like depression, anxiety, ADHD, PTSD, life transitions, and more.
Our team consists of psychiatrists, therapists and psychiatric mental health nurse practitioners with years of experience. We offer Individual Therapy, Couples Therapy, Psychiatry Medication Management, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) and Genetic Testing.
(401) 208-0446 View (401) 208-0446
Photo of Alex Cutler, Psychiatrist, MD
Alex Cutler
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
Worcester, MA 01609
As a Child and Adolescent Psychiatrist, I am highly trained in diagnosing and treating ADHD.
I am a child, adolescent and adult psychiatrist who is double board certified in Adult and Child/Adolescent Psychiatry. I incorporate psycho-dynamic, cognitive behavioral, supportive therapies, and psychopharmacological management and tailor my approach to meet your specific needs. I work with individuals and families to navigate through difficult times and I will provide personalized recommendations to address the difficulties you may be facing. I have a lot of research and clinical work in sleep medicine and can utilize cognitive behavioral therapy to help with your sleep difficulties.
As a Child and Adolescent Psychiatrist, I am highly trained in diagnosing and treating ADHD.
I am a child, adolescent and adult psychiatrist who is double board certified in Adult and Child/Adolescent Psychiatry. I incorporate psycho-dynamic, cognitive behavioral, supportive therapies, and psychopharmacological management and tailor my approach to meet your specific needs. I work with individuals and families to navigate through difficult times and I will provide personalized recommendations to address the difficulties you may be facing. I have a lot of research and clinical work in sleep medicine and can utilize cognitive behavioral therapy to help with your sleep difficulties.
(508) 449-9034 View (508) 449-9034
Photo of Badu Adjei, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, DNP, MS, PMHNP
Badu Adjei
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, DNP, MS, PMHNP
Verified Verified
Worcester, MA 01602
My areas of expertise include Anxiety, Depression, ADHD, OCD, PTSD, Behavioral Issues, Men's Issues, Mood Disorders, Adjustment Disorders, Stress, Schizophrenia, Insomnia, and more.
I believe in empowering individuals to express themselves authentically and strive to create a supportive, compassionate, and nonjudgmental environment.
My areas of expertise include Anxiety, Depression, ADHD, OCD, PTSD, Behavioral Issues, Men's Issues, Mood Disorders, Adjustment Disorders, Stress, Schizophrenia, Insomnia, and more.
I believe in empowering individuals to express themselves authentically and strive to create a supportive, compassionate, and nonjudgmental environment.
(508) 687-6786 View (508) 687-6786
Photo of William Chad Garrett, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP, BC
William Chad Garrett
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP, BC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Serves Area
If you're dealing with symptoms of ADHD, anxiety, depression, or insomnia that are impacting your life, visit my website and click on the "Request Consultation" button to get started today.
If you're struggling to connect with a psychiatric provider, you're not alone. Many people reach out and never hear back. When you message me, you won’t have to go through a secretary or any other gatekeeper. If you're seeking a personalized approach to ADHD treatment, you're in the right place.
If you're dealing with symptoms of ADHD, anxiety, depression, or insomnia that are impacting your life, visit my website and click on the "Request Consultation" button to get started today.
If you're struggling to connect with a psychiatric provider, you're not alone. Many people reach out and never hear back. When you message me, you won’t have to go through a secretary or any other gatekeeper. If you're seeking a personalized approach to ADHD treatment, you're in the right place.
(508) 715-6690 View (508) 715-6690
Photo of Dr. Lisa Hagberg, Psychiatrist, MD
Dr. Lisa Hagberg
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
Online Only
She incorporates supportive and insight-oriented psychotherapy to patient care, although at times she may recommend patients add an individual therapist to the treatment team.
Dr. Hagberg grew up in Wisconsin and received her medical degree from the University of Wisconsin Medical School. She completed her training in psychiatry at Harvard Medical School and received additional training in Lacanian psychoanalysis at L'École freudienne du Québec.
She incorporates supportive and insight-oriented psychotherapy to patient care, although at times she may recommend patients add an individual therapist to the treatment team.
Dr. Hagberg grew up in Wisconsin and received her medical degree from the University of Wisconsin Medical School. She completed her training in psychiatry at Harvard Medical School and received additional training in Lacanian psychoanalysis at L'École freudienne du Québec.
(617) 545-0301 View (617) 545-0301
Photo of Jasmine Velez, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, MSN, PMHNP, BC
Jasmine Velez
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, MSN, PMHNP, BC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Worcester, MA 01603
My qualifications include specialized training in cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), mindfulness practices, and evidence-based interventions for anxiety, depression, ADHD, and autism spectrum disorders.
I am currently accepting new patients for medication management alongside supportive therapy. With experience treating both children and adults, I understand that mental health is a crucial aspect of overall well-being. To create a comprehensive treatment plan, I work closely with my clients to understand their unique stressors and the challenges they face in everyday life. I believe that effective psychiatry involves providing personalized care and building strong, respectful relationships with my patients.
My qualifications include specialized training in cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), mindfulness practices, and evidence-based interventions for anxiety, depression, ADHD, and autism spectrum disorders.
I am currently accepting new patients for medication management alongside supportive therapy. With experience treating both children and adults, I understand that mental health is a crucial aspect of overall well-being. To create a comprehensive treatment plan, I work closely with my clients to understand their unique stressors and the challenges they face in everyday life. I believe that effective psychiatry involves providing personalized care and building strong, respectful relationships with my patients.
(508) 593-9055 View (508) 593-9055
Photo of Meaghan Quist - Valley Wellness Psychiatry, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP
Valley Wellness Psychiatry
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Worcester, MA 01601
Whether you're struggling with depression, anxiety, ADHD, or other mental health challenges, Meaghan is here to help you navigate your journey towards wellness.
Meaghan Quist, APRN of Valley Wellness is a board-certified psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner dedicated to providing comprehensive mental health services to Adult individuals seeking Med management, support and healing. Meaghan offers a personalized approach to mental health, tailoring treatment plans to meet the unique needs of each patient.
Whether you're struggling with depression, anxiety, ADHD, or other mental health challenges, Meaghan is here to help you navigate your journey towards wellness.
Meaghan Quist, APRN of Valley Wellness is a board-certified psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner dedicated to providing comprehensive mental health services to Adult individuals seeking Med management, support and healing. Meaghan offers a personalized approach to mental health, tailoring treatment plans to meet the unique needs of each patient.
(413) 666-1515 View (413) 666-1515
Photo of Talar Sepetjian, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner
Talar Sepetjian
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Online Only
I specialize in treating ADHD, anxiety, depression, and sleep issues, offering expert medication management and compassionate care for stress, self-esteem, and perinatal mental health (pregnancy, prenatal, and postpartum).
I work closely with each client to develop individualized treatment plans that may include medication management, supportive therapy, and practical lifestyle interventions—tailored to align with your unique goals and needs. I specialize in treating anxiety, depression, mood disorders, and other common mental health concerns, with a focus on helping individuals restore balance and gain a stronger sense of control over their emotional health.
I specialize in treating ADHD, anxiety, depression, and sleep issues, offering expert medication management and compassionate care for stress, self-esteem, and perinatal mental health (pregnancy, prenatal, and postpartum).
I work closely with each client to develop individualized treatment plans that may include medication management, supportive therapy, and practical lifestyle interventions—tailored to align with your unique goals and needs. I specialize in treating anxiety, depression, mood disorders, and other common mental health concerns, with a focus on helping individuals restore balance and gain a stronger sense of control over their emotional health.
(781) 303-9837 View (781) 303-9837
Photo of William Chad Garrett, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP, BC
William Chad Garrett
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP, BC
Verified Verified
Fitchburg, MA 01420
If you're dealing with symptoms of ADHD, anxiety, depression, or insomnia that are impacting your life, visit my website and click on the "Request Consultation" button to get started today.
If you're struggling to connect with a psychiatric provider, you're not alone. Many people reach out and never hear back. When you message me, you won’t have to go through a secretary or any other gatekeeper. If you're seeking a personalized approach to ADHD treatment, you're in the right place.
If you're dealing with symptoms of ADHD, anxiety, depression, or insomnia that are impacting your life, visit my website and click on the "Request Consultation" button to get started today.
If you're struggling to connect with a psychiatric provider, you're not alone. Many people reach out and never hear back. When you message me, you won’t have to go through a secretary or any other gatekeeper. If you're seeking a personalized approach to ADHD treatment, you're in the right place.
(508) 466-6717 View (508) 466-6717
Photo of Brandon A Burr - ADHD Aid Psychiatry, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP, FNP
ADHD Aid Psychiatry
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP, FNP
Verified Verified
Serves Area
ADHD, anxiety, and depression are more common than you think—and more manageable than you might believe.
A clear diagnosis is the first step toward real solutions. I specialize in getting to the root of your struggles with comprehensive evaluations, like online ADHD testing for adults—valid for five years and accepted for ADA accommodations. If that’s not the issue, personality testing may uncover other underlying factors, providing clarity and a path forward.
ADHD, anxiety, and depression are more common than you think—and more manageable than you might believe.
A clear diagnosis is the first step toward real solutions. I specialize in getting to the root of your struggles with comprehensive evaluations, like online ADHD testing for adults—valid for five years and accepted for ADA accommodations. If that’s not the issue, personality testing may uncover other underlying factors, providing clarity and a path forward.
(339) 220-4491 View (339) 220-4491
Photo of Stephen Zombil - Mass Behavioral Health Center, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, DNP, MSN, PMHNP
Mass Behavioral Health Center
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, DNP, MSN, PMHNP
Verified Verified
Worcester, MA 01610
From work in the fields of Depression, Bipolar, ADHD, Schizophrenia, and anxiety, we can help with a wide range of treatments designed for all ages.
Mass Behavioral Health Center (MBHC) is an outpatient Mental Health Center in Worcester, Massachusetts which provides diagnostic, treatment, and prescriptive services related to mental and behavioral disorders. At MBHC, We have certified Professionals with years of experience, and our mission is to find your hidden potential and give you all the necessary tools to develop, grow, and overcome your challenges. Ranked among the leading outpatient mental health providers in Worcester County, the center is a leading mental health service provider that specializes in the treatment of all ages with mental health problems.
From work in the fields of Depression, Bipolar, ADHD, Schizophrenia, and anxiety, we can help with a wide range of treatments designed for all ages.
Mass Behavioral Health Center (MBHC) is an outpatient Mental Health Center in Worcester, Massachusetts which provides diagnostic, treatment, and prescriptive services related to mental and behavioral disorders. At MBHC, We have certified Professionals with years of experience, and our mission is to find your hidden potential and give you all the necessary tools to develop, grow, and overcome your challenges. Ranked among the leading outpatient mental health providers in Worcester County, the center is a leading mental health service provider that specializes in the treatment of all ages with mental health problems.
(508) 803-0358 View (508) 803-0358
New View Health and Wellness, LLC
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner
Verified Verified
West Boylston, MA 01583
Reach out to hear about our PMHNPs who specialize in various treatments for ADHD, ASD, Anxiety, mood disorders, PTSD, substance abuse and more.
New View Health and Wellness, LLC is currently accepting new clients beginning at age 5 and up for in-person and virtual visits for medication management and solution-focused therapy to be your best self! To become a new client, go to our website an fill out the information for "new patient". We offer a variety of Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioners and can provide a PMHNP who speaks Spanish and Portugese as well as English. Meet our PMHNPs on our website: Lorrie MacDonald, DHS, PMHNP-BC, CNP Edith Claros, PhD, PMHNP-BC, CNP Patricia Hogan, DNP, PMHNP-BC, CNP
Reach out to hear about our PMHNPs who specialize in various treatments for ADHD, ASD, Anxiety, mood disorders, PTSD, substance abuse and more.
New View Health and Wellness, LLC is currently accepting new clients beginning at age 5 and up for in-person and virtual visits for medication management and solution-focused therapy to be your best self! To become a new client, go to our website an fill out the information for "new patient". We offer a variety of Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioners and can provide a PMHNP who speaks Spanish and Portugese as well as English. Meet our PMHNPs on our website: Lorrie MacDonald, DHS, PMHNP-BC, CNP Edith Claros, PhD, PMHNP-BC, CNP Patricia Hogan, DNP, PMHNP-BC, CNP
(774) 261-8011 View (774) 261-8011

See more therapy options for Barre

ADHD Psychiatrists

When should I seek treatment for ADHD?

You should seek treatment for ADHD if you consistently have difficulty with attention, hyperactivity, or impulsivity that interferes with your daily life. Symptoms of ADHD include the inability to sustain attention during tasks, difficulty organizing tasks and activities, being easily distracted, frequent fidgeting or squirming, and talking or interrupting excessively. If these symptoms interfere with your career, academics, or relationships—for example, consistently failing to complete professional projects on time—you should seek an evaluation for ADHD.

How does treatment for ADHD work?

Effective treatment for ADHD often consists of medication, behavioral therapy, and lifestyle changes. Stimulant medications such as Adderall and Ritalin work by altering levels of neurotransmitters in the brain; higher levels of dopamine and norepinephrine are known to improve attention and focus. Therapy works by helping people with ADHD understand the condition, discuss their areas of difficulty, and develop behavioral strategies to manage their symptoms. In some cases, modifying one’s diet and exercise can also help improve symptoms.

Are there specific medications for ADHD?

Medications to treat ADHD are generally stimulants, the most common are Adderall and Ritalin. There are two categories of stimulants: Amphetamines include Adderall, Dyanavel, Vyvanse, and Dexedrine, and methylphenidates include Ritalin, Concerta, Daytrana, Focalin, Quillichew, Quillivant, and Metadate. Non-stimulants and antidepressants may be used as an alternative if stimulants aren’t effective or viable for a particular patient.

How long does treatment for ADHD take?

It’s tough to give an exact time frame because everyone varies. In terms of medications, stimulants begin to work very soon after you take them, generally within the hour. It may take time to identify the right medication and dosage, but the medication itself is fast-acting. In terms of therapy, it takes time to develop skills and put them into practice, but you will likely see improvements within a few weeks or months.