Psychiatrists in Stamping Ground, KY

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Photo of Adriene Simpson, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, MSN, PMHNP
Adriene Simpson
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, MSN, PMHNP
Lexington, KY 40509
Adriene Simpson is an advanced practice registered nurse, board certified as a family psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner. A native of central Kentucky, she has worked as a nurse for more than 14 years in various settings. She received her master’s degree in nursing from Indiana Wesleyan University. Her treatment modalities include prescription medication, homeopathic and alternative therapies. She incorporates genetic testing to improve medication management and outcomes. She is a member of the American Nurse Association and the Sigma Theta Tau International Honor Society of Nursing.
Adriene Simpson is an advanced practice registered nurse, board certified as a family psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner. A native of central Kentucky, she has worked as a nurse for more than 14 years in various settings. She received her master’s degree in nursing from Indiana Wesleyan University. Her treatment modalities include prescription medication, homeopathic and alternative therapies. She incorporates genetic testing to improve medication management and outcomes. She is a member of the American Nurse Association and the Sigma Theta Tau International Honor Society of Nursing.
(859) 374-8765 View (859) 374-8765
Photo of Crystal Blackburn, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, MSN, PMHNP, NP
Crystal Blackburn
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, MSN, PMHNP, NP
Lexington, KY 40509
Crystal Blackburn, PMHNP, is a dedicated psychiatric nurse practitioner serving clients across Kentucky, focused on understanding each individual's unique goals and challenges. With an empathic and solution-oriented approach, Crystal works closely with adolescents, adults, and seniors, guiding them through complex issues such as PTSD, psychosis, OCD, and mood disorders. Her expertise in medication management allows her to provide comprehensive support for those managing conditions such as anxiety, depression, and bipolar disorder, tailoring each treatment to meet the distinct needs of her clients.
Crystal Blackburn, PMHNP, is a dedicated psychiatric nurse practitioner serving clients across Kentucky, focused on understanding each individual's unique goals and challenges. With an empathic and solution-oriented approach, Crystal works closely with adolescents, adults, and seniors, guiding them through complex issues such as PTSD, psychosis, OCD, and mood disorders. Her expertise in medication management allows her to provide comprehensive support for those managing conditions such as anxiety, depression, and bipolar disorder, tailoring each treatment to meet the distinct needs of her clients.
(859) 710-6235 View (859) 710-6235
Photo of Dr. Cynthia Williams, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PhD, CRNP, PMHNP-B
Dr. Cynthia Williams
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PhD, CRNP, PMHNP-B
1 Endorsed
Frankfort, KY 40601
Cynthia is especially passionate about supporting individuals navigating ADHD, grief, and depression, with a particular emphasis on adolescent sexual health and behavior. She offers thoughtful, developmentally appropriate care to young people and families, helping them process emotions, improve communication, and build confidence in the face of life’s transitions. Her commitment to adolescent wellness is reflected in her advocacy and community education efforts, ensuring youth have access to both clinical support and trusted guidance.
Cynthia is especially passionate about supporting individuals navigating ADHD, grief, and depression, with a particular emphasis on adolescent sexual health and behavior. She offers thoughtful, developmentally appropriate care to young people and families, helping them process emotions, improve communication, and build confidence in the face of life’s transitions. Her commitment to adolescent wellness is reflected in her advocacy and community education efforts, ensuring youth have access to both clinical support and trusted guidance.
(502) 427-1482 View (502) 427-1482
Photo of Angel Opara, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, MSN, APRN, PMHNP
Angel Opara
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, MSN, APRN, PMHNP
1 Endorsed
Lexington, KY 40503
Angel Opara, PMHNP-BC, is a board-certified psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner. Originally from Nigeria, she has called Lexington home since 2016. Angel earned her BSN at Midway University while working at Baptist Health as a patient care technician, later serving four years as a psychiatric nurse at Eastern State Hospital. She completed her MSN at Herzing University. Passionate about holistic, compassionate, and evidence-based care, Angel is dedicated to creating an inclusive and affirming environment for all patients. She is also an LGBTQ ally, committed to providing safe and supportive treatment.
Angel Opara, PMHNP-BC, is a board-certified psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner. Originally from Nigeria, she has called Lexington home since 2016. Angel earned her BSN at Midway University while working at Baptist Health as a patient care technician, later serving four years as a psychiatric nurse at Eastern State Hospital. She completed her MSN at Herzing University. Passionate about holistic, compassionate, and evidence-based care, Angel is dedicated to creating an inclusive and affirming environment for all patients. She is also an LGBTQ ally, committed to providing safe and supportive treatment.
(859) 765-7479 View (859) 765-7479
Photo of Lisa Horobin, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, MSN , APRN, PMHNP
Lisa Horobin
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, MSN , APRN, PMHNP
1 Endorsed
Online Only
My approach to care is grounded in the understanding that every individual brings a unique story, identity, and set of strengths to the table, strengths that can be utilized to support healing and growth. My goal is to provide a safe, supportive space where you feel truly heard, respected, and empowered to take meaningful steps toward lasting wellness.
My approach to care is grounded in the understanding that every individual brings a unique story, identity, and set of strengths to the table, strengths that can be utilized to support healing and growth. My goal is to provide a safe, supportive space where you feel truly heard, respected, and empowered to take meaningful steps toward lasting wellness.
(859) 888-1593 View (859) 888-1593
Photo of Rebecca Bruner, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, APRN, PMHNP, BC
Rebecca Bruner
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, APRN, PMHNP, BC
2 Endorsed
Lexington, KY 40509
Accepting new clients! I provide psychiatric evaluations and assessments, determine diagnosis, and provide psychotropic medication management as necessary to children, adolescents, and adults. I am very open-minded, non-judgmental, and supportive of the LGBTQIA community. I believe in individualized treatment across the lifespan in order to accurately improve mental health outcomes. I have experience in assessing and treating complex mental health issues in both an outpatient and inpatient setting. I am also an ADHD Certified Clinical Services Provider (ADHD-CCSP).
Accepting new clients! I provide psychiatric evaluations and assessments, determine diagnosis, and provide psychotropic medication management as necessary to children, adolescents, and adults. I am very open-minded, non-judgmental, and supportive of the LGBTQIA community. I believe in individualized treatment across the lifespan in order to accurately improve mental health outcomes. I have experience in assessing and treating complex mental health issues in both an outpatient and inpatient setting. I am also an ADHD Certified Clinical Services Provider (ADHD-CCSP).
(859) 681-8478 View (859) 681-8478
Photo of Abner Oliver Rayapati, Psychiatrist, MD, MPH
Abner Oliver Rayapati
Psychiatrist, MD, MPH
Lexington, KY 40505
Mental illness is hard. Hard to understand, even harder to explain while facing challenges and limitations in looking for treatment options. Seeking mental health treatment is also hard. Talking to someone about highly personal issues; waiting for weeks to months for an appointment; conflicting opinions on what might be best for you, only to feel frustrated with the time and effort needed to get better. With all the challenges you face, in moments of crisis, seeking out care for your mental health can be lifesaving! Whatever your situation, I have worked to provide options to help you receive timely, quality care.
Mental illness is hard. Hard to understand, even harder to explain while facing challenges and limitations in looking for treatment options. Seeking mental health treatment is also hard. Talking to someone about highly personal issues; waiting for weeks to months for an appointment; conflicting opinions on what might be best for you, only to feel frustrated with the time and effort needed to get better. With all the challenges you face, in moments of crisis, seeking out care for your mental health can be lifesaving! Whatever your situation, I have worked to provide options to help you receive timely, quality care.
(859) 376-5402 View (859) 376-5402
Photo of Trevor McGuffin, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, DNP, PMHNP
Trevor McGuffin
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, DNP, PMHNP
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
I am committed to creating a non-judgmental space where you can explore your unique challenges and work towards meaningful change. My approach is collaborative and focused on empowering you to make informed decisions about your mental health. I offer medication management for ages 7+. Life's difficulties can feel isolating. Together, we'll navigate the path forward and develop strategies to improve your mental wellbeing.
I am committed to creating a non-judgmental space where you can explore your unique challenges and work towards meaningful change. My approach is collaborative and focused on empowering you to make informed decisions about your mental health. I offer medication management for ages 7+. Life's difficulties can feel isolating. Together, we'll navigate the path forward and develop strategies to improve your mental wellbeing.
(270) 771-6540 View (270) 771-6540
Photo of Kayla Bowling, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, MSN, APRN, PMHNP
Kayla Bowling
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, MSN, APRN, PMHNP
Serves Area
I provide evaluations and treatment of the highest quality for children, adolescents and adults. Mental health problems can often begin in childhood and persist into adulthood. If left untreated, such problems can significantly impact multiple aspects of a person's life. It's crucial to receive the correct diagnosis and evidence-based treatment. I can provide diagnostic evaluations and medication management for Anxiety, Depression, problems with focusing, and many other mental health concerns. I strive to create a supportive, judgment-free space where patients feel heard, understood, and empowered in their care.
I provide evaluations and treatment of the highest quality for children, adolescents and adults. Mental health problems can often begin in childhood and persist into adulthood. If left untreated, such problems can significantly impact multiple aspects of a person's life. It's crucial to receive the correct diagnosis and evidence-based treatment. I can provide diagnostic evaluations and medication management for Anxiety, Depression, problems with focusing, and many other mental health concerns. I strive to create a supportive, judgment-free space where patients feel heard, understood, and empowered in their care.
(859) 577-7875 View (859) 577-7875
Photo of Deborah Lee Taylor, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP
Deborah Lee Taylor
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP
Nicholasville, KY 40356
I am a highly experienced, patient-centered Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner (PMHNP-BC) licensed in Kentucky. My commitment is to my patients' total well-being, utilizing compassion and strong communication skills. My expertise covers a wide range of conditions, including depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, ADHD, eating disorders, PTSD, and substance abuse. I bring extensive experience from both inpatient psychiatric settings (Eastern State Hospital) and outpatient telehealth/medication management (LifeStance Health). I strive to help patients restore dignity, confidence, and quality of life.
I am a highly experienced, patient-centered Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner (PMHNP-BC) licensed in Kentucky. My commitment is to my patients' total well-being, utilizing compassion and strong communication skills. My expertise covers a wide range of conditions, including depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, ADHD, eating disorders, PTSD, and substance abuse. I bring extensive experience from both inpatient psychiatric settings (Eastern State Hospital) and outpatient telehealth/medication management (LifeStance Health). I strive to help patients restore dignity, confidence, and quality of life.
(859) 376-4621 View (859) 376-4621
Photo of K Anderson, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP
K Anderson
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP
Serves Area
My ideal client is someone seeking support to navigate challenges like anxiety, depression, trauma, or other MH issues. They may feel overwhelmed, stuck, or burdened by persistent worry or sadness, and they desire a safe, empathetic space to explore their emotions and experiences. They’re looking for a provider who listens, validates, and collaborates to create a personalized plan that includes therapy, medication management, or a combination of both. Their goals are to build resilience, improve mental well-being, and rediscover joy and balance in their lives, all while feeling empowered and supported in achieving lasting progress.
My ideal client is someone seeking support to navigate challenges like anxiety, depression, trauma, or other MH issues. They may feel overwhelmed, stuck, or burdened by persistent worry or sadness, and they desire a safe, empathetic space to explore their emotions and experiences. They’re looking for a provider who listens, validates, and collaborates to create a personalized plan that includes therapy, medication management, or a combination of both. Their goals are to build resilience, improve mental well-being, and rediscover joy and balance in their lives, all while feeling empowered and supported in achieving lasting progress.
(629) 260-3025 View (629) 260-3025
Photo of Dr. Alicia Carlos, Psychiatrist, DO
Dr. Alicia Carlos
Psychiatrist, DO
Lexington, KY 40513
Outside of her practice, Dr. Carlos finds joy in spending time with her family and beloved dog. She enjoys reading and tending to her small garden.
Outside of her practice, Dr. Carlos finds joy in spending time with her family and beloved dog. She enjoys reading and tending to her small garden.
(859) 493-8993 View (859) 493-8993
Dr. Getulio Tovar
Psychiatrist, MD
Lexington, KY 40513
In addition to traditional psychiatric interventions, Dr. Tovar offers advanced treatment options such as Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation TMS , a non-invasive therapy that has proven effective for individuals struggling with depression and other mood disorders. His clinical expertise, combined with cutting-edge technology, provides patients with access to the most effective treatments available today.
In addition to traditional psychiatric interventions, Dr. Tovar offers advanced treatment options such as Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation TMS , a non-invasive therapy that has proven effective for individuals struggling with depression and other mood disorders. His clinical expertise, combined with cutting-edge technology, provides patients with access to the most effective treatments available today.
(859) 695-2564 View (859) 695-2564
Photo of Jacqueline Rice, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner
Jacqueline Rice
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner
Online Only
I am a Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner with over twenty years of nursing experience. I provide holistic, patient-centered, evidenced based care. My overall goal is to help individuals struggling with their mental health to relieve the burden of symptoms and to assist them in living to their full capabilities. I believe everyone is an expert on themselves-my role is that of an empathetic and ethical collaborator. I am eager to work with patients who want to move from “surviving” into “thriving” and are willing to do the work needed to make lasting change.
I am a Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner with over twenty years of nursing experience. I provide holistic, patient-centered, evidenced based care. My overall goal is to help individuals struggling with their mental health to relieve the burden of symptoms and to assist them in living to their full capabilities. I believe everyone is an expert on themselves-my role is that of an empathetic and ethical collaborator. I am eager to work with patients who want to move from “surviving” into “thriving” and are willing to do the work needed to make lasting change.
(859) 251-2642 View (859) 251-2642
Photo of Allie Carmichael, Psychiatric Nurse, DNP, PMHNP-B
Allie Carmichael
Psychiatric Nurse, DNP, PMHNP-B
Lexington, KY 40513
Allie Carmichael is a Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner in Kentucky who has been practicing since 2022. She received her Doctor of Nursing Practice from the University of Kentucky and her Bachelor’s Degree in Nursing from the University of Louisville. Allie has experience working as a registered nurse in an inpatient psychiatric setting on children, adolescent, and adult units. She has experience as a psychiatric nurse practitioner working with adults in an inpatient psychiatric unit.
Allie Carmichael is a Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner in Kentucky who has been practicing since 2022. She received her Doctor of Nursing Practice from the University of Kentucky and her Bachelor’s Degree in Nursing from the University of Louisville. Allie has experience working as a registered nurse in an inpatient psychiatric setting on children, adolescent, and adult units. She has experience as a psychiatric nurse practitioner working with adults in an inpatient psychiatric unit.
(859) 517-4382 View (859) 517-4382
Photo of Dr. Cody B. Pittman - Healing Neurons Psychiatry, LLC, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, DNP, APRN, PMHNP
Healing Neurons Psychiatry, LLC
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, DNP, APRN, PMHNP
Serves Area
Serving ALL of Kentucky! Hello! Welcome to Healing Neurons Psychiatry, where we are healing the mind for a better tomorrow. We all know how difficult managing stress, anxiety, depression, and everyday life can be. However, you don't have to do it alone!
Serving ALL of Kentucky! Hello! Welcome to Healing Neurons Psychiatry, where we are healing the mind for a better tomorrow. We all know how difficult managing stress, anxiety, depression, and everyday life can be. However, you don't have to do it alone!
(502) 890-9232 View (502) 890-9232
Photo of Stacey Gash, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, MSN, PMHNP
Stacey Gash
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, MSN, PMHNP
Lexington, KY 40509
She also provides specialized care for those experiencing post-partum depression and trauma-related disorders, ensuring that her clients receive the tailored care they need during challenging times. Through her expertise in medication management, Stacey helps clients stabilize symptoms, improve mood, and regain control of their mental health. In addition to her expertise in treating common mental health conditions, Stacey serves diverse populations, including first responders, LGBTQ+ individuals, military veterans, and men.
She also provides specialized care for those experiencing post-partum depression and trauma-related disorders, ensuring that her clients receive the tailored care they need during challenging times. Through her expertise in medication management, Stacey helps clients stabilize symptoms, improve mood, and regain control of their mental health. In addition to her expertise in treating common mental health conditions, Stacey serves diverse populations, including first responders, LGBTQ+ individuals, military veterans, and men.
(859) 448-7246 View (859) 448-7246
Photo of Magdalen K Mekoh - Magdalen Mekoh , Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, MSN, APRN, PMHNPBC
Magdalen Mekoh
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, MSN, APRN, PMHNPBC
1 Endorsed
Online Only
I am here to help if you are struggling with ADHD, anxiety, depression, PTSD, trauma, alcohol and substance use disorder and other psychiatric disorders. If you feel that things are not going well and you want to talk to someone to identify what is wrong, I am here to help. I believe in getting to the root of issues so, I try to provide a platform for patients to express themselves and together we try to touch the root cause of their problems instead of just treating symptoms.
I am here to help if you are struggling with ADHD, anxiety, depression, PTSD, trauma, alcohol and substance use disorder and other psychiatric disorders. If you feel that things are not going well and you want to talk to someone to identify what is wrong, I am here to help. I believe in getting to the root of issues so, I try to provide a platform for patients to express themselves and together we try to touch the root cause of their problems instead of just treating symptoms.
(859) 376-5295 View (859) 376-5295
Photo of Dr. Sukh Dev Singh Khalsa, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, DNP, APRN, PMHNPBC
Dr. Sukh Dev Singh Khalsa
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, DNP, APRN, PMHNPBC
1 Endorsed
Georgetown, KY 40324
At Khalsa Psychiatric Services: A Nursing Corporation I am are honored to support Kentuckians with compassionate, personalized mental health care. I know seeking help can feel overwhelming—but you’re not alone. Our goal is to provide a safe, judgment-free space where you feel supported and heard. With over 30 years of experience, I specialize in psychiatric evaluations, medication management, and tailored treatment plans for issues like anxiety, depression, and more. As a Doctor of Nursing Practice and board-certified Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner, I combine evidence-based care with genuine compassion.
At Khalsa Psychiatric Services: A Nursing Corporation I am are honored to support Kentuckians with compassionate, personalized mental health care. I know seeking help can feel overwhelming—but you’re not alone. Our goal is to provide a safe, judgment-free space where you feel supported and heard. With over 30 years of experience, I specialize in psychiatric evaluations, medication management, and tailored treatment plans for issues like anxiety, depression, and more. As a Doctor of Nursing Practice and board-certified Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner, I combine evidence-based care with genuine compassion.
(502) 306-3849 View (502) 306-3849
Photo of Catherine Permin, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, DNP, APRN
Catherine Permin
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, DNP, APRN
Lexington, KY 40503
Dr. Catherine Permin, DNP, APRN, is a board-certified nurse practitioner specializing in mental health care for diverse patients across the lifespan. Born into a Danish family and raised in France, she developed a strong appreciation for cultural diversity. After traveling globally while working in the horse industry, she settled in central Kentucky. Fluent in English, French, and Spanish, Dr. Permin provides culturally responsive, patient-centered care to individuals and families of all backgrounds.
Dr. Catherine Permin, DNP, APRN, is a board-certified nurse practitioner specializing in mental health care for diverse patients across the lifespan. Born into a Danish family and raised in France, she developed a strong appreciation for cultural diversity. After traveling globally while working in the horse industry, she settled in central Kentucky. Fluent in English, French, and Spanish, Dr. Permin provides culturally responsive, patient-centered care to individuals and families of all backgrounds.
(859) 328-2415 View (859) 328-2415

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FAQs - About Psychiatrists and Psychiatric Nurses

How can I find a psychiatrist in Stamping Ground?

The Psychology Today Directory enables users to search specifically for psychiatrists by selecting the provider type from the drop-down menu, and filtering results by city, zip code, or the psychiatrist's name. The search results feature detailed profiles that outline each professional's treatment approach, areas of expertise, credentials, fees, payment options, and accepted insurance. Results include both psychiatrists (MDs) and psychiatric mental health nurse practitioners (PMHNPs), who hold advanced practice nursing degrees. Users can refine their search for a specific type of psychiatric provider using the "Provider Type" filter.

What is the difference between a psychiatrist and a psychologist?

Psychiatrists are medical specialists dedicated to understanding, diagnosing, and treating brain disorders and mental health conditions. As physicians, they are trained to identify the often subtle biological factors underlying mental disorders and to monitor how mental health treatments may impact other physical conditions, such as heart disease. Psychiatrists are licensed to prescribe medication and typically conduct shorter sessions that focus on medication management rather than intensive psychotherapy.

In contrast, psychologists are particularly attuned to the impact of early experiences on development, behavior, emotions, and cognitive processes. They often take a holistic approach to assessing and treating clients, considering aspects of personality and social functioning. Although psychologists cannot prescribe medication, they are frequently skilled in administering psychological tests—such as IQ tests, personality assessments, and behavioral evaluations—to assess an individual's functioning. Psychologists often engage in longer, more psychotherapy-focused sessions compared to psychiatrists.

What is a psychiatric nurse practitioner and what is the difference with a psychiatrist?

A psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner (PMHNP), also known as a mental health nurse practitioner or psychiatric nurse practitioner, is an advanced practice registered nurse (APRN) who has completed advanced training in psychiatric care, earning at least a master’s degree in psychiatric nursing. To become Board-Certified (PMHNP-BC), psychiatric nurse practitioners must also pass a national exam that tests their clinical psychiatric knowledge.

Like psychiatrists, PMHNPs are trained to assess, diagnose, and treat mental health conditions. However, PMHNPs and psychiatrists differ in their training experience. While PMHNPs can complete their credentialing requirements (full bachelor's and master's degree training) in as few as 6 years, psychiatrists often spend upwards of 12 years to complete their bachelor's, medical doctorate degree, and residency training requirements. Because of training differences, some states require PMHNPs to be supervised by or enter into a collaborative agreement with a physician in order to prescribe medication.

When deciding to work with a psychiatrist or PMHNP, clients should consider factors such therapeutic fit, cost, and availability. Psychiatrists may have more substantial training in treating more severe psychiatric conditions, as well as in providing more specialized treatment services, such as child psychiatry. However, psychiatrists may be inaccessible to some clients, as their cost and availability may be prohibitive. It can often be easier for clients to find a PMHNP with openings for new clients when compared to psychiatrists, and PMHNPs may also offer lower cost treatment options for clients looking to minimize out-of-pocket costs.

Can a psychiatrist or a PMHNP prescribe medication?

The Psychology Today directory features two primary types of psychiatric professionals: psychiatrists and psychiatric mental health nurse practitioners (PMHNPs). Both are generally authorized to prescribe psychiatric medications. In 28 states, PMHNPs have full practice authority, allowing them to provide the complete spectrum of psychiatric care, including independent medication prescribing and management. In other states, however, PMHNPs are required to work under the supervision or in collaboration with a physician to prescribe medication. Both psychiatrists and PMHNPs may also offer additional services, such as psychotherapy, counseling, and care coordination, for clients seeking psychiatric care.

Do psychiatrists or PMHNPs offer therapy?

Both psychiatrists and psychiatric mental health nurse practitioners (PMHNPs) are generally trained in a number of treatment modalities, including traditional psychotherapy, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT), pharmacotherapy, and, occasionally, various somatic therapies. Typically, psychiatrists and PMHNPs make a diagnosis and determine a course of treatment based on chemical or biological factors, using lab tests, brain scans and physical and psychological evaluations.

While psychotherapy may be used in the first session to aid in diagnosis, it is not typically utilized in subsequent visits. In fact, after the introductory session, most psychiatry sessions may only be 15-20 minutes in length and are largely focused on medication management; this is frequently the case for both psychiatrists and PMHNPs. However, medication providers who do not offer psychotherapy usually work collaboratively with psychologists and other mental health clinicians who do offer these services, and they can refer clients seeking more traditional psychotherapy services to their care.

How do I know if I need a psychiatrist, a PMHNP, or a therapist?

It is not always easy to know which type of mental health practitioner to choose. Many people are unaware of the root of their mental or behavioral problem and may be unaware of the differences in support provided by various mental health professionals. One way many people learn which type of care is best for them is by seeing their primary care provider (PCP) first. Depending on the nature and severity of the symptoms, the PCP may review their medical history and provide guidance or a referral to the appropriate type of provider.

A referral to a psychiatrist or PMHNP is most often made when a client is in need of psychiatric medication management or assessment. These professionals are specifically trained to prescribe psychiatric medications, when necessary, for a client; however, they generally do not provide supportive psychotherapy on an ongoing basis. A therapist or psychologist, in contrast, can provide supportive psychotherapy but is unable to prescribe medications. Because of their unique roles, some clients see both a medication prescriber (either a psychiatrist or PMHNP) and a therapist at the same time to address their psychiatric concerns holistically. Many psychiatrists and psychologists are very open to referring clients to other professionals if unable to meet the client's needs or if they think the client could use additional support from a different type of professional.

Do I need a referral to see a psychiatrist or a PMHNP?

A referral to a psychiatrist or psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner (PMHNP) is often not required. However, consulting your primary care physician (PCP) first can be beneficial and may streamline the process of getting the care you need. Your PCP can help determine whether psychiatric care is necessary or if another type of mental health support might be more appropriate. Additionally, some insurance plans require a PCP referral to cover part or all of the costs associated with seeing a specialist. Obtaining a referral can also expedite the appointment process, particularly in areas with provider shortages or for clients seeking specialists in fields like child psychiatry.

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed professional?

Yes, all professionals listed in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory are licensed to provide mental health services in the state(s) where they practice. The directory includes a variety of providers such as psychiatrists, psychiatric mental health nurse practitioners (PMHNPs), physician assistants, psychologists, social workers, and counselors. Each provider must hold a valid license issued by their state regulatory body to be listed. In addition, Psychology Today offers a verification process for certain providers, signified by a 'Verified' symbol next to their profile. This badge indicates that the provider’s primary credential or license has been independently verified by Psychology Today.