Photo of Regina Yvonne Leverrier, Psychiatrist in Colorado
Regina Yvonne Leverrier
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
Lakewood, CO 80228
I have an integrative practice and will rule out any medical causes for your symptoms.
Not living your best life due to struggling with anxiety, depression, substance abuse or other mental health issues? I can help. I am a Board Certified Psychiatrist with 30 years of clinical experience in all areas of psychiatry and addiction. I can help you if you have a mood disorder (such as Major Depression or Bipolar Disorder), an anxiety disorder (such as PTSD, OCD, Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Panic Disorder or Agoraphobia), ADHD, Schizophrenia, Schizoaffective Disorder, TBI or a developmental disability. I can also provide medication to help with addiction to drugs or alcohol. I see patients age 13 and up.
I have an integrative practice and will rule out any medical causes for your symptoms.
Not living your best life due to struggling with anxiety, depression, substance abuse or other mental health issues? I can help. I am a Board Certified Psychiatrist with 30 years of clinical experience in all areas of psychiatry and addiction. I can help you if you have a mood disorder (such as Major Depression or Bipolar Disorder), an anxiety disorder (such as PTSD, OCD, Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Panic Disorder or Agoraphobia), ADHD, Schizophrenia, Schizoaffective Disorder, TBI or a developmental disability. I can also provide medication to help with addiction to drugs or alcohol. I see patients age 13 and up.
(917) 791-7170 View (917) 791-7170
Photo of Samantha Hudgins, Physician Assistant in Colorado
Samantha Hudgins
Physician Assistant, PA-C
Verified Verified
Regardless of where you are at in your mental health journey, we start with a comprehensive psychiatric evaluation. During this evaluation, we review your history engaging in psychotherapy, psychiatric treatment, symptoms, and comprehensive medical history. This evaluation sets the stage for your mental health journey. Using an integrative psychiatry approach, I then develop a treatment plan for you that includes optimized prescription medication management, supplementation, nutrition, and lifestyle changes. I am able to provide treatment for depression, anxiety, ADHD, bipolar, PMDD, PPD, Autism, OCD, and disordered eating.
Regardless of where you are at in your mental health journey, we start with a comprehensive psychiatric evaluation. During this evaluation, we review your history engaging in psychotherapy, psychiatric treatment, symptoms, and comprehensive medical history. This evaluation sets the stage for your mental health journey. Using an integrative psychiatry approach, I then develop a treatment plan for you that includes optimized prescription medication management, supplementation, nutrition, and lifestyle changes. I am able to provide treatment for depression, anxiety, ADHD, bipolar, PMDD, PPD, Autism, OCD, and disordered eating.
(720) 915-2965 View (720) 915-2965
Photo of Amy Halstead, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner in Colorado
Amy Halstead
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, MSN, APN, PMHNPBC
Verified Verified
Englewood, CO 80113
I take an integrative approach to treatment which may include medication, psychotherapy, and lifestyle modification to address patients’ mental health needs. I fully believe in the role that sleep, exercise, and nutrition play in mental wellness.
I take an integrative approach to treatment which may include medication, psychotherapy, and lifestyle modification to address patients’ mental health needs. I fully believe in the role that sleep, exercise, and nutrition play in mental wellness.
(720) 740-5251 x703 View (720) 740-5251 x703
Photo of Chelsie Monroe, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner in Colorado
Chelsie Monroe
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, MSN, APRN, PMHNP
Verified Verified
Englewood, CO 80113
Our medication management services are holistic and integrative.
I am the founder of Balanced Mental Wellness and have been a psychiatric nurse practitioner for over 10 years. I currently consult other practices and speak professionally on psychiatric medication and therapy topics throughout the country. I supervise and collaborate with our clinicians at Balanced Mental Wellness, ensuring that all clients receive the highest standard of care from a holistic and patient centered perspective. We offer medication management and Ketamine Assisted Psychotherapy for various mental health concerns across the lifespan.
Our medication management services are holistic and integrative.
I am the founder of Balanced Mental Wellness and have been a psychiatric nurse practitioner for over 10 years. I currently consult other practices and speak professionally on psychiatric medication and therapy topics throughout the country. I supervise and collaborate with our clinicians at Balanced Mental Wellness, ensuring that all clients receive the highest standard of care from a holistic and patient centered perspective. We offer medication management and Ketamine Assisted Psychotherapy for various mental health concerns across the lifespan.
(303) 625-6592 View (303) 625-6592
Photo of Leslie Vannucci, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner in Colorado
Leslie Vannucci
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Centennial, CO 80111
My passion is to provide care that is more than a ten-minute conversation, and the only answer is more medication that is not working. My care focuses on the client and their individual needs. First and foremost, I will listen to you. I believe that the best results come from a care plan that looks at all options, and is created with you. Combining integrative treatments, traditional treatments and outside-of-the-box plans will result in a tailored approach that works for you. I will meet you right where you are at. Mental Health is complex and requires an open mindset, and it is my belief that everyone has hope. Let me help you.
My passion is to provide care that is more than a ten-minute conversation, and the only answer is more medication that is not working. My care focuses on the client and their individual needs. First and foremost, I will listen to you. I believe that the best results come from a care plan that looks at all options, and is created with you. Combining integrative treatments, traditional treatments and outside-of-the-box plans will result in a tailored approach that works for you. I will meet you right where you are at. Mental Health is complex and requires an open mindset, and it is my belief that everyone has hope. Let me help you.
(720) 575-4912 View (720) 575-4912
Photo of Stacy Green, Psychiatrist in Colorado
Stacy Green
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
Boulder, CO 80304
), also trained in integrative medicine and holistic/alternative approaches, we can use a variety of treatment options to get you feeling better.
Do you suffer from chronic health issues like addiction, depression, anxiety, and chronic pain? Do you feel like you've seen many doctors and counselors, but still have not found the answer to your health concerns? Are you ready to take back your life and health? Like you, I always wished to find a doctor who took an alternative and natural approach to medicine and health. I wanted a doctor who could recommend more than just medicines and surgery. Someone who would appreciate the connection of mind and body, the importance of stress on health, and the role of the mind in healing.
), also trained in integrative medicine and holistic/alternative approaches, we can use a variety of treatment options to get you feeling better.
Do you suffer from chronic health issues like addiction, depression, anxiety, and chronic pain? Do you feel like you've seen many doctors and counselors, but still have not found the answer to your health concerns? Are you ready to take back your life and health? Like you, I always wished to find a doctor who took an alternative and natural approach to medicine and health. I wanted a doctor who could recommend more than just medicines and surgery. Someone who would appreciate the connection of mind and body, the importance of stress on health, and the role of the mind in healing.
(720) 753-5095 View (720) 753-5095
Photo of Kimberly Danielle, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner in Colorado
Kimberly Danielle
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, FNP-C, PMHNP-C
Verified Verified
Castle Pines, CO 80108  (Online Only)
Welcome to Klarity Wellness! My name is Kimberly Danielle, PMHNP- BC, FNP-C. With training in integrative & functional medicine as well as being double board-certified in Psychiatry and Family Medicine, I bring a unique and comprehensive perspective to mental and physical health care. My expertise allows me to offer an integrated approach to a wide range of conditions, including anxiety, depression, bipolar & mood disorders, PTSD, ADHD, and more. With extensive experience in psychiatry and hospital based medicine, I have developed an expertise in addressing the relationship between mental and physical well-being.
Welcome to Klarity Wellness! My name is Kimberly Danielle, PMHNP- BC, FNP-C. With training in integrative & functional medicine as well as being double board-certified in Psychiatry and Family Medicine, I bring a unique and comprehensive perspective to mental and physical health care. My expertise allows me to offer an integrated approach to a wide range of conditions, including anxiety, depression, bipolar & mood disorders, PTSD, ADHD, and more. With extensive experience in psychiatry and hospital based medicine, I have developed an expertise in addressing the relationship between mental and physical well-being.
(720) 386-4049 View (720) 386-4049
Photo of Dr. Lisa Crowley, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner in Colorado
Dr. Lisa Crowley
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, DNP, PMHNP, BC
Verified Verified
Boulder, CO 80302  (Online Only)
Using an integrative supportive approach, we provide comprehensive holistic care, with a focus on you as a whole person, mind, body, and spirit, not just a diagnosis.
Hello there! If you are feeling sad or have lost interest in things you once enjoyed, suffering from stress and anxiety, have turned to food, drugs, or alcohol to try and soothe your suffering, I can help. Together, we will delve deeply into your unique issues, peel back the layers, then move forward one step at a time to rebuild your future. It is not an overnight process. It takes time, and you are worth the time it takes. Invest in yourself. Love yourself. Learn how to care for yourself now, so you can enjoy your present, and future.
Using an integrative supportive approach, we provide comprehensive holistic care, with a focus on you as a whole person, mind, body, and spirit, not just a diagnosis.
Hello there! If you are feeling sad or have lost interest in things you once enjoyed, suffering from stress and anxiety, have turned to food, drugs, or alcohol to try and soothe your suffering, I can help. Together, we will delve deeply into your unique issues, peel back the layers, then move forward one step at a time to rebuild your future. It is not an overnight process. It takes time, and you are worth the time it takes. Invest in yourself. Love yourself. Learn how to care for yourself now, so you can enjoy your present, and future.
(720) 706-4556 View (720) 706-4556
Photo of Molly Kate Brown, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner in Colorado
Molly Kate Brown
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Boulder, CO 80301
Suniasol Integrative Mental Health & Ketamine Clinic (Suniasol.com) offers safe & supportive ketamine treatment as well as medication management for Anxiety Disorders, Depression, Bipolar Disorder, ADHD, OCD, and PTSD. We empower you with tools essential for navigating mental/emotional & life challenges for more spaciousness, insight, ease, peace, joy, and connection. Ketamine Treatment is available for those meeting criteria. Our approach is integrative, holistic, compassionate, somatically-oriented, and trauma-informed. Mental Wellness is multifactoral so our approach is holistic and deeply heartfelt.
Suniasol Integrative Mental Health & Ketamine Clinic (Suniasol.com) offers safe & supportive ketamine treatment as well as medication management for Anxiety Disorders, Depression, Bipolar Disorder, ADHD, OCD, and PTSD. We empower you with tools essential for navigating mental/emotional & life challenges for more spaciousness, insight, ease, peace, joy, and connection. Ketamine Treatment is available for those meeting criteria. Our approach is integrative, holistic, compassionate, somatically-oriented, and trauma-informed. Mental Wellness is multifactoral so our approach is holistic and deeply heartfelt.
(720) 809-7630 View (720) 809-7630
Photo of Psychiatry Elevated | Emily O'Keefe, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner in Colorado
Psychiatry Elevated | Emily O'Keefe
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP, MSN, RN
Verified Verified
Louisville, CO 80027
I am a Vanderbilt-trained Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, specializing in using an integrative approach to help those who suffer from depression, anxiety/panic, attention/focus issues, or chronic fatigue. I also help women struggling with mood challenges associated with infertility, menstrual irregularities, pregnancy and postpartum, and perimenopause/menopause. I am deeply committed to serving those whose past treatment yielded insufficient results, and encourage you to reach-out - even if you feel you've already exhausted your options. Interested in learning more? Your complimentary consultation can be booked on my website.
I am a Vanderbilt-trained Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, specializing in using an integrative approach to help those who suffer from depression, anxiety/panic, attention/focus issues, or chronic fatigue. I also help women struggling with mood challenges associated with infertility, menstrual irregularities, pregnancy and postpartum, and perimenopause/menopause. I am deeply committed to serving those whose past treatment yielded insufficient results, and encourage you to reach-out - even if you feel you've already exhausted your options. Interested in learning more? Your complimentary consultation can be booked on my website.
(720) 597-8944 View (720) 597-8944
Photo of Susan Joshua, Psychiatrist in Colorado
Susan Joshua
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
Denver, CO 80224  (Online Only)
Welcome. I am Susan Joshua MD, a psychiatrist who cares about your needs. I have 35 years experience in the field of adult psychiatry. I bring my skills and expertise, with an open heart, to help you with your current challenges and choices. We will use a comprehensive, integrative and holistic approach. An environment of care, support, and partnership will be created in order to assist you on your journey through challenging and chaotic times. We start with what needs attention today to address your immediate needs and goals. In doing so we will assess medication needs, therapy focus and lifestyle choices.
Welcome. I am Susan Joshua MD, a psychiatrist who cares about your needs. I have 35 years experience in the field of adult psychiatry. I bring my skills and expertise, with an open heart, to help you with your current challenges and choices. We will use a comprehensive, integrative and holistic approach. An environment of care, support, and partnership will be created in order to assist you on your journey through challenging and chaotic times. We start with what needs attention today to address your immediate needs and goals. In doing so we will assess medication needs, therapy focus and lifestyle choices.
(303) 529-9461 View (303) 529-9461
Photo of Amanda Farrell, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner in Colorado
Amanda Farrell
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP, APRN
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Golden, CO 80401
I am a Board Certified Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner. I have worked outpatient for the last 8 years, providing medication management and ketamine treatment. Previously I worked in-patient with those in acute crisis & additionally in home health, providing psychiatric care in the patient's home. I provide integrative care, working with the patient's health care provider & therapist when indicated. I believe in a holistic treatment approach & I practice evidence-based treatment. My treatment goals include providing improved quality of life & I am eager to work with patients who are motivated to make personal changes.
I am a Board Certified Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner. I have worked outpatient for the last 8 years, providing medication management and ketamine treatment. Previously I worked in-patient with those in acute crisis & additionally in home health, providing psychiatric care in the patient's home. I provide integrative care, working with the patient's health care provider & therapist when indicated. I believe in a holistic treatment approach & I practice evidence-based treatment. My treatment goals include providing improved quality of life & I am eager to work with patients who are motivated to make personal changes.
(720) 613-2752 View (720) 613-2752
Photo of Dr. Kate Salama, Psychiatrist in Colorado
Dr. Kate Salama
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Denver, CO 80206
I am a Harvard trained adult psychiatrist who specializes in women's mental health. Most women in my practice are struggling with mood symptoms related to the menstrual cycle, fertility, pregnancy & postpartum, as well as the menopause transition. I practice integrative psychiatry, which means I combine traditional pharmacotherapy with nutritional guidance, sleep optimization support, supplement regimens, and hormonal testing if desired. Please visit my website, tendtohermd.com, for more details.
I am a Harvard trained adult psychiatrist who specializes in women's mental health. Most women in my practice are struggling with mood symptoms related to the menstrual cycle, fertility, pregnancy & postpartum, as well as the menopause transition. I practice integrative psychiatry, which means I combine traditional pharmacotherapy with nutritional guidance, sleep optimization support, supplement regimens, and hormonal testing if desired. Please visit my website, tendtohermd.com, for more details.
(720) 571-4036 View (720) 571-4036
Photo of Tara Ostromencki, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner in Colorado
Tara Ostromencki
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, DNP, PMHNPBC, APNP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Littleton, CO 80120  (Online Only)
My integrative approach to treating mental health symptoms will cover lifestyle factors such as diet, sleep, exercise, and stress management.
Offering adolescents and adults support as they're navigating life and crises is my area of expertise. People seek me out to help treat depression, anxiety, PTSD, ADHD, mood and adjustment disorders among other things. Each person is different and I approach care considering their interest and willingness to use medications to treat their symptoms, their openness to therapy and exploring lifestyle factors that can make an impact on their mental health. It's a team approach.
My integrative approach to treating mental health symptoms will cover lifestyle factors such as diet, sleep, exercise, and stress management.
Offering adolescents and adults support as they're navigating life and crises is my area of expertise. People seek me out to help treat depression, anxiety, PTSD, ADHD, mood and adjustment disorders among other things. Each person is different and I approach care considering their interest and willingness to use medications to treat their symptoms, their openness to therapy and exploring lifestyle factors that can make an impact on their mental health. It's a team approach.
(720) 821-6356 View (720) 821-6356
Photo of Megan Bowers, Psychiatrist in Colorado
Megan Bowers
Psychiatrist, MD, PhD
Verified Verified
Boulder, CO 80302  (Online Only)
Together, we will develop an individualized well-being plan, which will incorporate your unique goals, and importantly, your perspective on health. My approach is integrative, which means that treatment with medications may be combined with non-medication options, such as mindfulness-based interventions, life-style optimization, and nutritional supplementation. My role is to offer these treatment options to you, and guide you as you make the decisions about which of these is aligned with your goals. All treatment options are evidence-informed, based on the medical and scientific literature.
Together, we will develop an individualized well-being plan, which will incorporate your unique goals, and importantly, your perspective on health. My approach is integrative, which means that treatment with medications may be combined with non-medication options, such as mindfulness-based interventions, life-style optimization, and nutritional supplementation. My role is to offer these treatment options to you, and guide you as you make the decisions about which of these is aligned with your goals. All treatment options are evidence-informed, based on the medical and scientific literature.
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Photo of Adrienne Long, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner in Colorado
Adrienne Long
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Denver, CO 80209
I firmly believe everyone has the capacity for healing. I see medication as an adjunct to therapy and not as a sole intervention. Because there are so many factors that affect our emotional and mental wellbeing, I believe in taking an integrative and collaborative approach to your mental and physical health. Consideration of factors such as sleep, potential nutrient deficiencies, lifestyle and stress, genetics, and of course mood, are critical when developing and a comprehensive treatment plan. I truly believe this type of collaborative and comprehensive plan will allow you to thrive.
I firmly believe everyone has the capacity for healing. I see medication as an adjunct to therapy and not as a sole intervention. Because there are so many factors that affect our emotional and mental wellbeing, I believe in taking an integrative and collaborative approach to your mental and physical health. Consideration of factors such as sleep, potential nutrient deficiencies, lifestyle and stress, genetics, and of course mood, are critical when developing and a comprehensive treatment plan. I truly believe this type of collaborative and comprehensive plan will allow you to thrive.
(720) 675-7123 View (720) 675-7123
Photo of Hope Manning, Physician Assistant in Colorado
Hope Manning
Physician Assistant, PA-C, CAQPsyc, MMS
Verified Verified
Lakewood, CO 80228
I have 3+ years specialized experience in addiction, anxiety and depression management, with additional training in Integrative and Nutritional Psychiatry.
Accepting new clients! Virtual visits across Colorado & in person availability. Are you seeking a comprehensive, personalized approach to guide you out of mental suffering and back onto your desired path? Your growth and healing is my focus and commitment.
I have 3+ years specialized experience in addiction, anxiety and depression management, with additional training in Integrative and Nutritional Psychiatry.
Accepting new clients! Virtual visits across Colorado & in person availability. Are you seeking a comprehensive, personalized approach to guide you out of mental suffering and back onto your desired path? Your growth and healing is my focus and commitment.
(720) 776-8378 View (720) 776-8378
Photo of Dayanara Gohil, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner in Colorado
Dayanara Gohil
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
I focus on treating people, not just symptoms, with a personalized and integrative approach; I offer psychiatric diagnostic evaluations and medication management.
My name is Dayanara, and I am a board-certified psychiatric nurse practitioner at BestMind Behavioral Health. My clinical experience has concentrated on complex high-acuity clients with co-morbidities. This experience has provided perspicuity into the unique interdisciplinary tools required to best support my patient's treatment success.
I focus on treating people, not just symptoms, with a personalized and integrative approach; I offer psychiatric diagnostic evaluations and medication management.
My name is Dayanara, and I am a board-certified psychiatric nurse practitioner at BestMind Behavioral Health. My clinical experience has concentrated on complex high-acuity clients with co-morbidities. This experience has provided perspicuity into the unique interdisciplinary tools required to best support my patient's treatment success.
(720) 802-0710 View (720) 802-0710
Photo of Abbey Carroll, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner in Colorado
Abbey Carroll
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, MSN, APRN, PMHNP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Hi there!Abbey Carroll. I am a local to Colorado and left only briefly to complete my nursing degree in Oklahoma before moving back to the area. I have over 10 years of nursing experience in various positions and settings. While working extensively with adults of all ages, I found a passion in the mental health field. I have a deep interest in integrative care and believe that mental health must be addressed from multiple fronts.
Hi there!Abbey Carroll. I am a local to Colorado and left only briefly to complete my nursing degree in Oklahoma before moving back to the area. I have over 10 years of nursing experience in various positions and settings. While working extensively with adults of all ages, I found a passion in the mental health field. I have a deep interest in integrative care and believe that mental health must be addressed from multiple fronts.
(719) 626-8475 View (719) 626-8475
Photo of Capstone Mental Health, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner in Colorado
Capstone Mental Health
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP, FNP
Verified Verified
12 Endorsed
Denver, CO 80261  (Online Only)
I use integrative medicine combined with pharmaceuticals to help alleviate symptoms associated with OCD, sleep problems, anxiety, stress, and trouble coping during this challenging time.
Now an Autism and ADHD Certified Clinical Services Provider. If you're feeling overwhelmed, anxious, depressed, or simply need someone to talk to, I am here to help. I know reaching out can be the hardest part. Don't suffer in silence. I know you want to take back control over your life and truly feel alive again! I promise you, I will offer a safe and confidential environment where you can explore your thoughts and feelings and work through any challenges you may be facing. We aren't pushy, we are a member of your healthcare team, and make decisions...as a team! You are in full control over your healthcare.
I use integrative medicine combined with pharmaceuticals to help alleviate symptoms associated with OCD, sleep problems, anxiety, stress, and trouble coping during this challenging time.
Now an Autism and ADHD Certified Clinical Services Provider. If you're feeling overwhelmed, anxious, depressed, or simply need someone to talk to, I am here to help. I know reaching out can be the hardest part. Don't suffer in silence. I know you want to take back control over your life and truly feel alive again! I promise you, I will offer a safe and confidential environment where you can explore your thoughts and feelings and work through any challenges you may be facing. We aren't pushy, we are a member of your healthcare team, and make decisions...as a team! You are in full control over your healthcare.
(720) 307-3272 View (720) 307-3272
Integrative Psychiatrists

What is integrative therapy?

Integrative therapy is a type of therapy that combines ideas and techniques from different therapeutic approaches depending on the needs of the individual client. By merging elements of different treatments, an integrative therapist aims to offer a more flexible approach than those who practice just one type of therapy.

How does integrative therapy work?

Integrative therapy approaches a client’s mental, physical, and emotional health in a holistic way to discover the sources of their unhealthy behavior patterns or other challenges and considers the approach most likely to lead to improvement. Among the techniques an integrative therapist may practice are cognitive-behavioral therapy, dialectical behavior therapy, EMDR, mindfulness, art or music therapy, psychodynamic therapy, breathwork, family systems therapy, gestalt therapy, and trauma-informed therapy. An integrative therapist regularly evaluates the client’s progress and is prepared to pivot to a different approach if progress stalls.

How long does integrative therapy last?

As with most forms of talk therapy, there is no set duration or end point for integrative therapy; people who find they are making progress typically continue until they feel they’ve addressed the issues that spurred them to seek treatment. New patients should understand that it may take some time for a therapist to land on a treatment approach that best meets their needs, but once they do, they should expect sessions to extend for a number of months, typically including at least 12 sessions.

How effective is integrative therapy?

There are hundreds of types of talk therapy, and research shows that while they vary in form, goals, and frequency, many if not all can produce similarly successful outcomes. But a single approach does not always deliver the greatest, or speediest, benefit, and so even therapists primarily trained in one model will use tools, language, techniques, or exercises from others to shape an effective treatment plan.