Infertility Psychiatrists in Voorhees, NJ

Photo of Dr. Michelle Crawford, Psychiatrist in Voorhees, NJ
Dr. Michelle Crawford
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
Voorhees, NJ 08043
I also specialize in providing psychiatric treatment to women who are pregnant, postpartum, struggling with infertility or menstrual issues, or going through the menopause transition.
I am a board-certified psychiatrist specializing in depression, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorders, adult ADHD, and women's mental health. My approach is to understand your values and struggles in order to design a personalized treatment plan together with you. This may include medications, psychotherapy, or a combination of both. I am a former practicing OB/GYN who then changed career paths to Psychiatry to focus on treatment of the patient as a whole. My dual background has fostered a deep appreciation of the mind-body connection, an essential part of comprehensive psychiatric treatment.
I also specialize in providing psychiatric treatment to women who are pregnant, postpartum, struggling with infertility or menstrual issues, or going through the menopause transition.
I am a board-certified psychiatrist specializing in depression, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorders, adult ADHD, and women's mental health. My approach is to understand your values and struggles in order to design a personalized treatment plan together with you. This may include medications, psychotherapy, or a combination of both. I am a former practicing OB/GYN who then changed career paths to Psychiatry to focus on treatment of the patient as a whole. My dual background has fostered a deep appreciation of the mind-body connection, an essential part of comprehensive psychiatric treatment.
(856) 925-7010 View (856) 925-7010

More Psychiatrists Nearby

Photo of Melissa Mecka, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner in Voorhees, NJ
Melissa Mecka
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, MSN, PMHNP, -BC
Verified Verified
Gloucester City, NJ 08030  (Online Only)
Hi, my name is Melissa and I'm a Board Certified Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner based in New Jersey. I specialize in maternal mental health, pre/postpartum, perimenopause and menopausal anxiety/depression with an emphasis on individualized therapy and a holistic approach to care. When clinically indicated I can, and will, prescribe medication on a case-by-case basis. We will determine the treatment plan together keeping your personal goals as a priority.I’m passionate about women's issues and destigmatizing mental healthcare.
Hi, my name is Melissa and I'm a Board Certified Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner based in New Jersey. I specialize in maternal mental health, pre/postpartum, perimenopause and menopausal anxiety/depression with an emphasis on individualized therapy and a holistic approach to care. When clinically indicated I can, and will, prescribe medication on a case-by-case basis. We will determine the treatment plan together keeping your personal goals as a priority.I’m passionate about women's issues and destigmatizing mental healthcare.
(201) 729-3861 View (201) 729-3861
Photo of Dr. Andrea Papa-Molter, Psychiatrist in Voorhees, NJ
Dr. Andrea Papa-Molter
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
Clementon, NJ 08021
I am double board-certified in Psychiatry and Addiction Medicine. I believe in using both medication when indicated as well as therapy. I was trained in CBT and was given the Excellence in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy during my residency program. I use supportive therapy with each client I see. During my residency I served as Chief Resident and was awarded the Overall Excellence in Psychiatry Award as well as the Clinical Excellence Award.
I am double board-certified in Psychiatry and Addiction Medicine. I believe in using both medication when indicated as well as therapy. I was trained in CBT and was given the Excellence in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy during my residency program. I use supportive therapy with each client I see. During my residency I served as Chief Resident and was awarded the Overall Excellence in Psychiatry Award as well as the Clinical Excellence Award.
(856) 373-4892 View (856) 373-4892
Photo of Brianna Dawson, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner in Voorhees, NJ
Brianna Dawson
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP, PMH-C
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Collingswood, NJ 08108  (Online Only)
Are you pregnant or postpartum, feeling overwhelmed or anxious? This can lead to constant worry, feeling on edge, tense, or angry. Has your mood affected your sleep or relationships? Do you have repetitive, unwanted thoughts or feel very protective of your baby? Has this time that you thought would feel joyous felt sad, leading to feelings of guilt or regret? Perhaps you had a scary birthing experience. Adjusting to motherhood can be hard! You may feel like you are being pulled in different directions, resulting in difficulty making decisions, or barely finding time to eat or bathe. I am so glad you are here! There is hope.
Are you pregnant or postpartum, feeling overwhelmed or anxious? This can lead to constant worry, feeling on edge, tense, or angry. Has your mood affected your sleep or relationships? Do you have repetitive, unwanted thoughts or feel very protective of your baby? Has this time that you thought would feel joyous felt sad, leading to feelings of guilt or regret? Perhaps you had a scary birthing experience. Adjusting to motherhood can be hard! You may feel like you are being pulled in different directions, resulting in difficulty making decisions, or barely finding time to eat or bathe. I am so glad you are here! There is hope.
(610) 510-4359 View (610) 510-4359
Photo of Dr. Ashika Kapoor, Psychiatrist in Voorhees, NJ
Dr. Ashika Kapoor
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
Moorestown, NJ 08057
Moorestown Psychiatry is committed to your state of well-being. By providing high-quality, evidence-based, and personalized care, our approach is one of collaboration and partnership with each individual. We utilize an integrated approach towards helping to improve our patients’ overall wellness by combining the judicious use of medications with nutritional education, exercise science, relaxation, and emerging techniques. We hope to have the opportunity to partner with you on your journey.
Moorestown Psychiatry is committed to your state of well-being. By providing high-quality, evidence-based, and personalized care, our approach is one of collaboration and partnership with each individual. We utilize an integrated approach towards helping to improve our patients’ overall wellness by combining the judicious use of medications with nutritional education, exercise science, relaxation, and emerging techniques. We hope to have the opportunity to partner with you on your journey.
(609) 834-4393 View (609) 834-4393
Photo of Juliana Miller, Psychiatric Nurse in Voorhees, NJ
Juliana Miller
Psychiatric Nurse, APN
Verified Verified
Medford, NJ 08055
As Co-founder and Owner of Psychiatry Services, Juliana brings over 25 years of experience in healthcare to her practice. She specializes in the psychiatric treatment of children, adults and geriatric patients. She provides thorough evaluations and medication management of all mental illness utilizing the Bio psychosocial Model. She has an extensive background in the hospital setting managing the care of patients who are medically compromised and in need of psychiatric care. Her compassionate manner is comforting to others in their time of need. Juliana is also bilingual speaking fluent Spanish.
As Co-founder and Owner of Psychiatry Services, Juliana brings over 25 years of experience in healthcare to her practice. She specializes in the psychiatric treatment of children, adults and geriatric patients. She provides thorough evaluations and medication management of all mental illness utilizing the Bio psychosocial Model. She has an extensive background in the hospital setting managing the care of patients who are medically compromised and in need of psychiatric care. Her compassionate manner is comforting to others in their time of need. Juliana is also bilingual speaking fluent Spanish.
(609) 643-5097 View (609) 643-5097

Online Psychiatrists

Photo of Linda Chuang, Psychiatrist in Voorhees, NJ
Linda Chuang
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
Hoboken, NJ 07030
I have a special interest in anxiety, panic, and mood disorders, reproductive psychiatry and women's mental health such as infertility, postpartum depression, medications in pregnancy, premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), career, parenting adjustments, and relationship issues.
I am a Cornell and NYU educated board certified psychiatrist with extensive training in both psychotherapy and psychopharmacology. Because of my belief in the connection between mind and body, I trained in both psychiatry and internal medicine. I approach patients from a humanistic and holistic view, with an awareness of the interactions of stress and it's impact on the body. My practice is eclectic and I see patients with a variety of psychiatric disorders or patients who simply want to achieve greater happiness and satisfaction in their lives.
I have a special interest in anxiety, panic, and mood disorders, reproductive psychiatry and women's mental health such as infertility, postpartum depression, medications in pregnancy, premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), career, parenting adjustments, and relationship issues.
I am a Cornell and NYU educated board certified psychiatrist with extensive training in both psychotherapy and psychopharmacology. Because of my belief in the connection between mind and body, I trained in both psychiatry and internal medicine. I approach patients from a humanistic and holistic view, with an awareness of the interactions of stress and it's impact on the body. My practice is eclectic and I see patients with a variety of psychiatric disorders or patients who simply want to achieve greater happiness and satisfaction in their lives.
(201) 820-0658 View (201) 820-0658
PremiumCBT
Psychiatrist, LCSW, LPC, MD, LAC
Verified Verified
Englewood, NJ 07631
Acupuncture is used as a safe, natural way to treat common health issues like chronic pain, infertility, digestive disorders, allergies, injuries, headaches, respiratory and immune issues, and anxiety and stress.
We believe mental distress is not only carried in our brain but also in our body, such as the heart, lung, limbs, liver, spleen, neck, chest, waist, etc. Stimulating the brain and growing back neurons are once traditional approaches. We also emphasize energizing our somatic energy, relaxing the entire body. We have many good books listed on our listed website, www.weiwangmd.com in the resource section, get an audiobook of Body Keeps the Score. TMS(deep brain stimulation)&Acupunture are offered.
Acupuncture is used as a safe, natural way to treat common health issues like chronic pain, infertility, digestive disorders, allergies, injuries, headaches, respiratory and immune issues, and anxiety and stress.
We believe mental distress is not only carried in our brain but also in our body, such as the heart, lung, limbs, liver, spleen, neck, chest, waist, etc. Stimulating the brain and growing back neurons are once traditional approaches. We also emphasize energizing our somatic energy, relaxing the entire body. We have many good books listed on our listed website, www.weiwangmd.com in the resource section, get an audiobook of Body Keeps the Score. TMS(deep brain stimulation)&Acupunture are offered.
(201) 885-7915 View (201) 885-7915
Photo of Alexandra (Sopher) Ruane, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner in Voorhees, NJ
Alexandra (Sopher) Ruane
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, APRN, PMHNP-B, FNP-C
Verified Verified
Tinton Falls, NJ 07724  (Online Only)
As a mental health consumer myself, I understand what it feels like to have mental health affect your life. You may have tried therapy or medication, which may have helped a little or not at all. I believe that you and I are a team in deciding the best treatment for you and that by explaining the options available, you can make an informed decision on how you want to proceed. I believe that listening to your treatment goals gives us the best chance of success in helping you. Please be advised that Brightside Health does not allow prescribing of controlled substances.
As a mental health consumer myself, I understand what it feels like to have mental health affect your life. You may have tried therapy or medication, which may have helped a little or not at all. I believe that you and I are a team in deciding the best treatment for you and that by explaining the options available, you can make an informed decision on how you want to proceed. I believe that listening to your treatment goals gives us the best chance of success in helping you. Please be advised that Brightside Health does not allow prescribing of controlled substances.
(415) 360-3348 View (415) 360-3348
Photo of Christina L Persaud, Psychiatrist in Voorhees, NJ
Christina L Persaud
Psychiatrist, MD, MPH
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Jersey City, NJ 07302  (Online Only)
My goal is to help you improve your quality of life through the right combination of medications and therapy. My therapy style combines elements of psychodynamic therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), mindfulness, and supportive therapy…along with the appropriate doses of sensitivity, empathy and humor.
My goal is to help you improve your quality of life through the right combination of medications and therapy. My therapy style combines elements of psychodynamic therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), mindfulness, and supportive therapy…along with the appropriate doses of sensitivity, empathy and humor.
(646) 956-5955 View (646) 956-5955
Photo of Yochai Re'em, Psychiatrist in Voorhees, NJ
Yochai Re'em
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
Summit, NJ 07901
I treat a spectrum of psychiatric and psychological concerns, focusing on issues such as depression, anxiety, and bipolar disorder, as well as challenges such as relationship difficulties, life transitions, personal fulfillment, and identity. My approach is generally thoughtful, individualized, and empathetic. I offer a psychotherapy that has potential to be deep, meaningful, and rewarding. For those who may benefit from psychiatric medication, I use a collaborative approach when deciding on medications and their utility.
I treat a spectrum of psychiatric and psychological concerns, focusing on issues such as depression, anxiety, and bipolar disorder, as well as challenges such as relationship difficulties, life transitions, personal fulfillment, and identity. My approach is generally thoughtful, individualized, and empathetic. I offer a psychotherapy that has potential to be deep, meaningful, and rewarding. For those who may benefit from psychiatric medication, I use a collaborative approach when deciding on medications and their utility.
(332) 239-5372 View (332) 239-5372
Photo of Patty Saveriano, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner in Voorhees, NJ
Patty Saveriano
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
West Windsor, NJ 08550
My name is Patty Saveriano, I am a dual certified nurse practitioner in Acute/ Critical Care and Psychiatry. I strongly believe in the mind/ body connection and guide my practice on these principles. I feel too often this relationship is overlooked by general practitioners and as a result has led to increased mental and physical illness. I am committed to helping people move through their struggles, so they can go back to living the life they were intended!
My name is Patty Saveriano, I am a dual certified nurse practitioner in Acute/ Critical Care and Psychiatry. I strongly believe in the mind/ body connection and guide my practice on these principles. I feel too often this relationship is overlooked by general practitioners and as a result has led to increased mental and physical illness. I am committed to helping people move through their struggles, so they can go back to living the life they were intended!
(609) 547-3213 View (609) 547-3213
Photo of Dr. Vivian Shnaidman, Psychiatrist in Voorhees, NJ
Dr. Vivian Shnaidman
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
Princeton, NJ 08540
My ideal treatment client is someone who values themself, and who is ready to make a commitment to their mental health. Together we will explore various treatment options and strive to find the best possibly modality for the best possible long term outcome.
My ideal treatment client is someone who values themself, and who is ready to make a commitment to their mental health. Together we will explore various treatment options and strive to find the best possibly modality for the best possible long term outcome.
(609) 834-3847 View (609) 834-3847
Photo of Lee R Gardner M D, Psychiatrist in Voorhees, NJ
Lee R Gardner M D
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
Englewood, NJ 07631  (Online Only)
We are living in terribly stressful times: political divisions, military unrest, economic uncertainty and a marked deterioration professional integrity. As a result, people are struggling more with: anxiety, depression, isolation, relationship conflicts & adjustment difficulties. Too often, continued feelings of being out of control, frustration and disappointment can illicit one’s worst traits and/or bring back memories of past traumas. It takes courage to reach out for help. I offer a free 15 minute telephone consultation to hear about how you are hoping I can help you and determine if we are a good fit.
We are living in terribly stressful times: political divisions, military unrest, economic uncertainty and a marked deterioration professional integrity. As a result, people are struggling more with: anxiety, depression, isolation, relationship conflicts & adjustment difficulties. Too often, continued feelings of being out of control, frustration and disappointment can illicit one’s worst traits and/or bring back memories of past traumas. It takes courage to reach out for help. I offer a free 15 minute telephone consultation to hear about how you are hoping I can help you and determine if we are a good fit.
(201) 654-0682 View (201) 654-0682
Photo of The Cohen Center, Psychiatrist in Voorhees, NJ
The Cohen Center
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
Marlboro, NJ 07746
Welcome to The Cohen Center....Are you overly stressed? Suffering anxiety, panic attacks, or ADD/ADHD symptoms? Perhaps you are struggling with insomnia or depression. These symptoms are easily treatable, sometimes requiring medication. Are you ready to take the next step? Are you willing to see if medication, ideally, combined with therapy, can enhance your life? You will be monitored closely, so that you do not needlessly experience side effects, and that optimal treatment gains are obtained. Careful attention will be focused on any physical illnesses. Often, this approach leads to a more appropriate diagnosis and plan of treatment.
Welcome to The Cohen Center....Are you overly stressed? Suffering anxiety, panic attacks, or ADD/ADHD symptoms? Perhaps you are struggling with insomnia or depression. These symptoms are easily treatable, sometimes requiring medication. Are you ready to take the next step? Are you willing to see if medication, ideally, combined with therapy, can enhance your life? You will be monitored closely, so that you do not needlessly experience side effects, and that optimal treatment gains are obtained. Careful attention will be focused on any physical illnesses. Often, this approach leads to a more appropriate diagnosis and plan of treatment.
(732) 675-0011 View (732) 675-0011
Photo of Linda A Perry, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner in Voorhees, NJ
Linda A Perry
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, MSN, PMHNP
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Caldwell, NJ 07006
If you or your child no longer feel real joy, I’d like to help. The core of my practice is judicious medication management. I’ve been doing this for many years: first as a nurse-midwife, now as a psychiatric nurse practitioner. I am still dual-credentialed in both. I treat people of all types, but most frequently children and perinatal women. My patients, big and small, grapple with issues like anxiety, trauma, depression, OCD and eating disorders. Issues around fertility, pregnancy, parenting and menopause remain among my strengths, even though I rarely deliver babies anymore (and I miss it, sometimes!). My approach is holistic.
If you or your child no longer feel real joy, I’d like to help. The core of my practice is judicious medication management. I’ve been doing this for many years: first as a nurse-midwife, now as a psychiatric nurse practitioner. I am still dual-credentialed in both. I treat people of all types, but most frequently children and perinatal women. My patients, big and small, grapple with issues like anxiety, trauma, depression, OCD and eating disorders. Issues around fertility, pregnancy, parenting and menopause remain among my strengths, even though I rarely deliver babies anymore (and I miss it, sometimes!). My approach is holistic.
(201) 676-8572 View (201) 676-8572
Photo of The Cohen Center, Psychiatrist in Voorhees, NJ
The Cohen Center
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
Marlboro, NJ 07746
Welcome to The Cohen Center....Are you overly stressed? Suffering anxiety, panic attacks, ADHD symptoms, insomnia or depression? These symptoms are easily treatable, sometimes requiring medication. Willing to take the next step? Are you willing to see if medication, ideally, combined with therapy, can enhance your life. You will be monitored closely so that you do not needlessly experience side effects and that optimal treatment gains are obtained. Careful attention will be focused on any physical illnesses. Often this leads to a more appropriate diagnosis and plan of treatment.
Welcome to The Cohen Center....Are you overly stressed? Suffering anxiety, panic attacks, ADHD symptoms, insomnia or depression? These symptoms are easily treatable, sometimes requiring medication. Willing to take the next step? Are you willing to see if medication, ideally, combined with therapy, can enhance your life. You will be monitored closely so that you do not needlessly experience side effects and that optimal treatment gains are obtained. Careful attention will be focused on any physical illnesses. Often this leads to a more appropriate diagnosis and plan of treatment.
(732) 675-0011 View (732) 675-0011
Photo of Khadija Ibeh, MD, MPH, PA, Psychiatrist in Voorhees, NJ
Khadija Ibeh, MD, MPH, PA
Psychiatrist, MD, MPH
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Montclair, NJ 07042  (Online Only)
Hello, my name is Khadija Ibeh, MD, MPH. If you found this page, I am so excited for you!!! You are taking steps towards a brighter tomorrow. I can imagine that you are hesitant about who you can trust with your problems. Let me tell you a little about myself to make the choice easier. I am a Board Certified Psychiatrist with over a decade of clinical experience. I hold advanced degrees from Wellesley College, YaIe University, and Stony Brook School of Medicine. I believe in the combination of psychotherapy and medication for a rapid return of functioning.
Hello, my name is Khadija Ibeh, MD, MPH. If you found this page, I am so excited for you!!! You are taking steps towards a brighter tomorrow. I can imagine that you are hesitant about who you can trust with your problems. Let me tell you a little about myself to make the choice easier. I am a Board Certified Psychiatrist with over a decade of clinical experience. I hold advanced degrees from Wellesley College, YaIe University, and Stony Brook School of Medicine. I believe in the combination of psychotherapy and medication for a rapid return of functioning.
(732) 654-0718 View (732) 654-0718
Photo of Claudette L Blake-Tonge, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner in Voorhees, NJ
Claudette L Blake-Tonge
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, DNP, APRN, PMHNP, BC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Mountainside, NJ 07092
Dr. Claudette L. Blake-Tonge, DNP, APRN, PMHNP-BC, MSN, BSN, RN is a Board Certified Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner. She specializes in psychiatric diagnostic assessments, medication management, treatment for anxiety, depression, bipolar, self-esteem management and psychotherapy. Her education includes a Doctorate in Nursing Practice, a Post Masters Certificate as a Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner, a Master of Science in Nursing with a specialization in Clinical Management, and a Bachelor of Science in Nursing.
Dr. Claudette L. Blake-Tonge, DNP, APRN, PMHNP-BC, MSN, BSN, RN is a Board Certified Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner. She specializes in psychiatric diagnostic assessments, medication management, treatment for anxiety, depression, bipolar, self-esteem management and psychotherapy. Her education includes a Doctorate in Nursing Practice, a Post Masters Certificate as a Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner, a Master of Science in Nursing with a specialization in Clinical Management, and a Bachelor of Science in Nursing.
(908) 888-9137 View (908) 888-9137
Photo of The Cohen Center, Psychiatrist in Voorhees, NJ
The Cohen Center
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
Marlboro, NJ 07746
Welcome to The Cohen Center....Are you overly stressed? Suffering anxiety, panic attacks, ADHD symptoms, insomnia or depression? These symptoms are easily treatable, sometimes requiring medication. Willing to take the next step? Are you willing to see if medication, ideally, combined with therapy, can enhance your life. You will be monitored closely so that you do not needlessly experience side effects and that optimal treatment gains are obtained. Careful attention will be focused on any physical illnesses. Often this leads to a more appropriate diagnosis and plan of treatment.
Welcome to The Cohen Center....Are you overly stressed? Suffering anxiety, panic attacks, ADHD symptoms, insomnia or depression? These symptoms are easily treatable, sometimes requiring medication. Willing to take the next step? Are you willing to see if medication, ideally, combined with therapy, can enhance your life. You will be monitored closely so that you do not needlessly experience side effects and that optimal treatment gains are obtained. Careful attention will be focused on any physical illnesses. Often this leads to a more appropriate diagnosis and plan of treatment.
(732) 675-0011 View (732) 675-0011

Nearby Infertility Psychiatrists Searches for Voorhees

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Infertility Psychiatrists

How can infertility affect couples and their relationship?

Clients who are dealing with infertility may experience conflict and communication problems. It’s not unusual for shame, blame, and guilt to arise in cases of infertility, whether the source of the problem is one partner or both. This means that clients are upset and pulling away from their partner just when they need them the most. Some clients may find it difficult to spend time around friends and family who are pregnant. Friends and family can also make hurtful comments that increase tension during this time.

How does therapy for infertility issues work?

The therapist will begin by gathering information about the client or couple and make a treatment plan for their specific concerns. In addition to addressing common mental health issues, such as anxiety, depression, and trauma reactions or PTSD, therapists can help clients improve their decision-making and deal with stressors unique to infertility. Some examples include coping with the “two-week wait” before a pregnancy test, the distress associated with a failed attempt or miscarriage, and the shame and blame sometimes associated with reproductive concerns.

What type of therapy is best for infertility issues?

Many therapists offer psychotherapy for individuals and couples who are dealing with infertility issues. Some helpful therapeutic approaches include cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), which can aid clients in reframing negative thoughts about their situation. Expressive writing and art therapy can help clients process difficult feelings. Clients might also benefit from group therapy to experience support from others who are dealing with the same problems.

How long does therapy for infertility issues take?

There is no set length for therapy that addresses infertility or reproductive concerns. Some clients might find it helpful to continue therapy during their pregnancy to have healthy ways to cope with any associated stress, anxiety, depression, or trauma. Some clients who decide not to pursue fertility treatments might benefit from the support of a therapist. The duration of therapy varies depending on the individual client’s specific needs and goals.