Therapists in Ann Arbor, MI

Photo of Heather Kangas, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Ann Arbor, MI
Heather Kangas
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Ann Arbor, MI 48105
Do you find yourself struggling with anger, guilt or sadness no matter what you do? You might be fed up with these overwhelming feelings and losing confidence in yourself and your ability to manage life. You might not even remember a time things didn’t feel this way. But one thing is for sure: you’re ready for some relief! You are ready to feel less guilty, to find a long term solution to manage these feelings of being overwhelmed and frustrated. Most of all, you are ready to have happiness in your life and find hope in your future. Clients come to me looking for a therapist that will meet them where they are.
Do you find yourself struggling with anger, guilt or sadness no matter what you do? You might be fed up with these overwhelming feelings and losing confidence in yourself and your ability to manage life. You might not even remember a time things didn’t feel this way. But one thing is for sure: you’re ready for some relief! You are ready to feel less guilty, to find a long term solution to manage these feelings of being overwhelmed and frustrated. Most of all, you are ready to have happiness in your life and find hope in your future. Clients come to me looking for a therapist that will meet them where they are.
(734) 822-0358 View (734) 822-0358
Photo of Amanda Kreschmer, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Ann Arbor, MI
Amanda Kreschmer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LLMSW
Verified Verified
Ann Arbor, MI 48109  (Online Only)
Immediate afternoon/ weekend openings. Sometimes we get caught up in the messiness of life and forget to enjoy it. I get it, life can be stressful! All of our feelings are normal but sometimes we feel them more intense and they might even make our day to day lives extra challenging (anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, motivation, trauma, ADHD..sound familiar?) Your child is deserving of a life they enjoy living and I am here to help them get back to their best, authentic self. Additionally, I offer family therapy to further benefit.
Immediate afternoon/ weekend openings. Sometimes we get caught up in the messiness of life and forget to enjoy it. I get it, life can be stressful! All of our feelings are normal but sometimes we feel them more intense and they might even make our day to day lives extra challenging (anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, motivation, trauma, ADHD..sound familiar?) Your child is deserving of a life they enjoy living and I am here to help them get back to their best, authentic self. Additionally, I offer family therapy to further benefit.
(734) 275-2617 View (734) 275-2617
Photo of Jenna Kathleen Whitefoot, Licensed Professional Counselor in Ann Arbor, MI
Jenna Kathleen Whitefoot
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Ann Arbor, MI 48104
I serve adult individuals who are looking for caring support as well as to improve their lives and reach their goals. Whether you are struggling with a change in life circumstances, a mental health concern, a loss, trauma, abuse, or just need someone who can provide an objective perspective I am here to help. I believe everyone has the ability and strength to make the changes they want in their lives, but they may need someone to guide that process and offer the necessary tools.
I serve adult individuals who are looking for caring support as well as to improve their lives and reach their goals. Whether you are struggling with a change in life circumstances, a mental health concern, a loss, trauma, abuse, or just need someone who can provide an objective perspective I am here to help. I believe everyone has the ability and strength to make the changes they want in their lives, but they may need someone to guide that process and offer the necessary tools.
(734) 371-8557 View (734) 371-8557
Photo of Pamela Harnick, Psychologist in Ann Arbor, MI
Pamela Harnick
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Ann Arbor, MI 48104
Deciding to seek help can be one of the most difficult and most rewarding decisions of your life. Facing vulnerability is hard, but connecting with a therapist, feeling heard and understood, and working as a partner in your journey toward a more fulfilling life makes it easier. I provide a comfortable, safe environment where you will feel free to express yourself, to understand what holds you back and causes distress, and to take the steps necessary to move forward. My attuned, respectful manner helps people overcome painful anxiety, shame, depression, relationship difficulties, job/school stress, trauma, identity and eating issues.
Deciding to seek help can be one of the most difficult and most rewarding decisions of your life. Facing vulnerability is hard, but connecting with a therapist, feeling heard and understood, and working as a partner in your journey toward a more fulfilling life makes it easier. I provide a comfortable, safe environment where you will feel free to express yourself, to understand what holds you back and causes distress, and to take the steps necessary to move forward. My attuned, respectful manner helps people overcome painful anxiety, shame, depression, relationship difficulties, job/school stress, trauma, identity and eating issues.
(734) 469-5294 View (734) 469-5294
Photo of Anne L Crawford, Limited Licensed Psychologist in Ann Arbor, MI
Anne L Crawford
Limited Licensed Psychologist, MA, LLP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Ann Arbor, MI 48108  (Online Only)
What's getting in the way of your living the life you want? Is it depression? Anxiety? Explosive anger? Whatever brings you to therapy, I would love to help you find a way forward. Offering a safe, confidential, judgement-free environment in which you can freely air your concerns, I will collaborate with you to explore what's not working for you, how it got that way, and how you might chart a path through and beyond it.
What's getting in the way of your living the life you want? Is it depression? Anxiety? Explosive anger? Whatever brings you to therapy, I would love to help you find a way forward. Offering a safe, confidential, judgement-free environment in which you can freely air your concerns, I will collaborate with you to explore what's not working for you, how it got that way, and how you might chart a path through and beyond it.
(734) 436-3859 View (734) 436-3859
Photo of Ilona Phillips in Ann Arbor, MI
Ilona Phillips
LMSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Ann Arbor, MI 48104
Welcome! Whether you are seeking help with your personal or professional goals, stress, anxiety, depression/mood or specialty areas such as eating/ body image concerns and addiction recovery, I would be happy to help. For the last two decades I have had the privilege of working with a broad variety of clients and concerns at Lotus Consulting, Ann Arbor DBT Center, the University of Michigan and other university settings. I utilize evidence and mindfulness based cognitive behavioral approaches such as Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Dialectical Behavioral Therapy, business and leadership coaching.
Welcome! Whether you are seeking help with your personal or professional goals, stress, anxiety, depression/mood or specialty areas such as eating/ body image concerns and addiction recovery, I would be happy to help. For the last two decades I have had the privilege of working with a broad variety of clients and concerns at Lotus Consulting, Ann Arbor DBT Center, the University of Michigan and other university settings. I utilize evidence and mindfulness based cognitive behavioral approaches such as Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Dialectical Behavioral Therapy, business and leadership coaching.
(734) 681-3398 View (734) 681-3398
Photo of Scott Kennedy, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Ann Arbor, MI
Scott Kennedy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Ann Arbor, MI 48104
OPEN for new clients! - I believe that everyone has innate value and enjoy helping each client I work with on their path to personal fulfillment. I have experience in and enjoy working with adults, children, and families from diverse cultural and economic backgrounds with a variety of presenting concerns. I work with clients of all ages to help them create the life they want to live. I work with people who are looking to relieve mood related symptoms, build communication skills, process trauma, build the capacity to navigate life transitions, regulate emotions, have healthier relationships, and manage stress.
OPEN for new clients! - I believe that everyone has innate value and enjoy helping each client I work with on their path to personal fulfillment. I have experience in and enjoy working with adults, children, and families from diverse cultural and economic backgrounds with a variety of presenting concerns. I work with clients of all ages to help them create the life they want to live. I work with people who are looking to relieve mood related symptoms, build communication skills, process trauma, build the capacity to navigate life transitions, regulate emotions, have healthier relationships, and manage stress.
(734) 390-4705 View (734) 390-4705
Photo of Lisa Jackson, Licensed Professional Counselor in Ann Arbor, MI
Lisa Jackson
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LLPC, CAADC
Verified Verified
Ann Arbor, MI 48103  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
I believe life is a process that includes peaks and valleys; during those moments we may face moments that are too overwhelming to face alone. As a psychotherapist I believe everyone needs a safe space to go where they can process their presenting issues in therapy. We are stronger together, you are the driver, and expert of your own experiences, and as a psychotherapist I'm here to help guide you and provide clinical interventions while you discover ways to work towards removing the barriers you face with reaching your treatment goals. The healing process includes peak, and valleys, while discovering wellness.
I believe life is a process that includes peaks and valleys; during those moments we may face moments that are too overwhelming to face alone. As a psychotherapist I believe everyone needs a safe space to go where they can process their presenting issues in therapy. We are stronger together, you are the driver, and expert of your own experiences, and as a psychotherapist I'm here to help guide you and provide clinical interventions while you discover ways to work towards removing the barriers you face with reaching your treatment goals. The healing process includes peak, and valleys, while discovering wellness.
(734) 215-9610 View (734) 215-9610
Photo of Dawn Colleen Leimstoll, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Ann Arbor, MI
Dawn Colleen Leimstoll
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Ann Arbor, MI 48105
I use a strength based, collaborative, and mindful approach during treatment. I practice from a trauma and attachment based lens bringing mindfulness and curiosity into each session. For over 15 years, I have been successfully working with children, youth and families. Together we will explore past and current stressors and how these experiences have impacted habits and coping styles with an understanding that each of us adapts the best that we can to obstacles in life. We will look at areas in your life where you are feeling stuck and explore what you need to move forward.
I use a strength based, collaborative, and mindful approach during treatment. I practice from a trauma and attachment based lens bringing mindfulness and curiosity into each session. For over 15 years, I have been successfully working with children, youth and families. Together we will explore past and current stressors and how these experiences have impacted habits and coping styles with an understanding that each of us adapts the best that we can to obstacles in life. We will look at areas in your life where you are feeling stuck and explore what you need to move forward.
(734) 436-3305 View (734) 436-3305
Photo of Natalie Casey, Licensed Professional Counselor in Ann Arbor, MI
Natalie Casey
Licensed Professional Counselor, EdM, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Ann Arbor, MI 48103
Welcome! If you've landed here, you're probably someone that can identify with feeling stuck in life, battling stress, anxiety or depression, or wanting to strengthen relationships. I'm a laid back therapist whose goal is to provide a comfortable environment that is empathic, non-judgmental, and culturally sensitive. As a certified Brainspotting (BSP) therapist with extensive training, I can help you identify, process, and release emotional and physical sources of trauma, both big and small. BSP is an excellent tool for performance enhancement as well.
Welcome! If you've landed here, you're probably someone that can identify with feeling stuck in life, battling stress, anxiety or depression, or wanting to strengthen relationships. I'm a laid back therapist whose goal is to provide a comfortable environment that is empathic, non-judgmental, and culturally sensitive. As a certified Brainspotting (BSP) therapist with extensive training, I can help you identify, process, and release emotional and physical sources of trauma, both big and small. BSP is an excellent tool for performance enhancement as well.
(734) 849-4368 View (734) 849-4368
Photo of Mitchell M. Hession, Pre-Licensed Professional in Ann Arbor, MI
Mitchell M. Hession
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Ann Arbor, MI 48105
I am a Limited Licensed Master Social Worker that aims to provide a safe and welcoming space to connect with yourself; and the clinical support to help you explore, develop, and accomplish your personal goals. I graduated from Grand Valley State University (M.A.) and Spring Arbor University (B.A.) with 5 years working with children, adolescents, and adults in the mental health field. While working together, I provide a compassionate and empathetic approach to cultivate a therapeutic relationships while providing the opportunity to help you adjust to life's many changes, manage life's complex challenges,
I am a Limited Licensed Master Social Worker that aims to provide a safe and welcoming space to connect with yourself; and the clinical support to help you explore, develop, and accomplish your personal goals. I graduated from Grand Valley State University (M.A.) and Spring Arbor University (B.A.) with 5 years working with children, adolescents, and adults in the mental health field. While working together, I provide a compassionate and empathetic approach to cultivate a therapeutic relationships while providing the opportunity to help you adjust to life's many changes, manage life's complex challenges,
(734) 359-6240 View (734) 359-6240
Photo of Andrea Hill, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Ann Arbor, MI
Andrea Hill
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Ann Arbor, MI 48104
Waitlist for new clients
Welcome! I enjoy helping adults and teens over 16 make positive changes in their lives around mental health, wellness, relationships, family, school and career. I have worked in DEI, wellness, integrative medicine and perinatal mental health settings, which helps to inform my work with parents, students and anyone who wants to integrate past experiences, become more resilient and step more fully into life's choices.
Welcome! I enjoy helping adults and teens over 16 make positive changes in their lives around mental health, wellness, relationships, family, school and career. I have worked in DEI, wellness, integrative medicine and perinatal mental health settings, which helps to inform my work with parents, students and anyone who wants to integrate past experiences, become more resilient and step more fully into life's choices.
(734) 371-8670 View (734) 371-8670
Photo of Brianne France-Ellis, Limited Licensed Psychologist in Ann Arbor, MI
Brianne France-Ellis
Limited Licensed Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Ann Arbor, MI 48103  (Online Only)
I specialize in working with a variety of disorders, including mood, anxiety, eating disorders, ADHD and relationship issues. My experience allows me to provide effective treatment to build necessary skills to cope and manage mild and severe symptoms. I often use DBT and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy as well as Mindfulness. I am also skilled in CBT.
I specialize in working with a variety of disorders, including mood, anxiety, eating disorders, ADHD and relationship issues. My experience allows me to provide effective treatment to build necessary skills to cope and manage mild and severe symptoms. I often use DBT and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy as well as Mindfulness. I am also skilled in CBT.
(734) 892-1346 View (734) 892-1346
Photo of Davia Steinberg Ogg, Psychologist in Ann Arbor, MI
Davia Steinberg Ogg
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Ann Arbor, MI 48104  (Online Only)
Nobody should struggle alone. I am a clinical psychologist providing therapy to children, teens, young adults, and families. While adopting a non-judgmental and empowering stance, I provide concrete tools to help clients improve their relationships, learn about themselves, explore their identity, and develop coping skills to better manage difficult situations. While helping clients to grow and change, I also support their development of self-compassion and self-acceptance. I have specialized training working with individuals who struggle with ADHD, anxiety, trauma, OCD, and depression.
Nobody should struggle alone. I am a clinical psychologist providing therapy to children, teens, young adults, and families. While adopting a non-judgmental and empowering stance, I provide concrete tools to help clients improve their relationships, learn about themselves, explore their identity, and develop coping skills to better manage difficult situations. While helping clients to grow and change, I also support their development of self-compassion and self-acceptance. I have specialized training working with individuals who struggle with ADHD, anxiety, trauma, OCD, and depression.
(734) 800-8328 View (734) 800-8328
Photo of Emily Hyssong, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Ann Arbor, MI
Emily Hyssong
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Ann Arbor, MI 48108  (Online Only)
Hi, I’m Emily! I am a clinical social worker and have been practicing for over ten years. I provide individual therapy to adults and have significant experience working with graduate and undergraduate college students and young professionals. Whether this is your first time looking for a therapist or you’re trying again, I believe it is profoundly brave to ask for help. My clinical work focuses on identity development, life transitions and adjustment, relationship difficulties, trauma, eating and body image issues, perfectionism, anxiety and depression.
Hi, I’m Emily! I am a clinical social worker and have been practicing for over ten years. I provide individual therapy to adults and have significant experience working with graduate and undergraduate college students and young professionals. Whether this is your first time looking for a therapist or you’re trying again, I believe it is profoundly brave to ask for help. My clinical work focuses on identity development, life transitions and adjustment, relationship difficulties, trauma, eating and body image issues, perfectionism, anxiety and depression.
(734) 275-2342 View (734) 275-2342
Photo of Nikki Penecale, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Ann Arbor, MI
Nikki Penecale
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Ann Arbor, MI 48105
Waitlist for new clients
My ultimate goal as a therapist is for clients to feel empowered and fulfilled in life. I strive to create a space where you can feel safe, supported, and hopeful about your growth journey. We will work collaboratively to identify and tackle goals, while also developing effective coping strategies that are sustainable for your individual needs. I have extensive experience using a variety of evidence-based practices to provide individualized care, while also utilizing a strengths-based and person-centered approaches.
My ultimate goal as a therapist is for clients to feel empowered and fulfilled in life. I strive to create a space where you can feel safe, supported, and hopeful about your growth journey. We will work collaboratively to identify and tackle goals, while also developing effective coping strategies that are sustainable for your individual needs. I have extensive experience using a variety of evidence-based practices to provide individualized care, while also utilizing a strengths-based and person-centered approaches.
(734) 999-3245 View (734) 999-3245
Photo of Carol L Osborne, Licensed Professional Counselor in Ann Arbor, MI
Carol L Osborne
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Ann Arbor, MI 48105  (Online Only)
Viewing my client as a whole person—mind, body, and spirit—I recognize the interconnectedness of spiritual, emotional, and mental health. While operating from a Christian perspective, I respect the religious and cultural diversity of my clients and strive to create an inclusive and nonjudgmental therapeutic environment. With a particular focus on working with military and veteran families, I understand the unique stressors and transitions that come with military life. Through a supportive and client-centered approach, I desire to help people adjust to life changes with resilience and strength. Romans 12:12
Viewing my client as a whole person—mind, body, and spirit—I recognize the interconnectedness of spiritual, emotional, and mental health. While operating from a Christian perspective, I respect the religious and cultural diversity of my clients and strive to create an inclusive and nonjudgmental therapeutic environment. With a particular focus on working with military and veteran families, I understand the unique stressors and transitions that come with military life. Through a supportive and client-centered approach, I desire to help people adjust to life changes with resilience and strength. Romans 12:12
(517) 995-6763 View (517) 995-6763
Photo of Jane York Bornstein, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Ann Arbor, MI
Jane York Bornstein
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW, ACSW
Verified Verified
Ann Arbor, MI 48104
Not accepting new clients
I am on extended leave and unable to accept new clients at this time.
I am on extended leave and unable to accept new clients at this time.
(734) 799-0452 View (734) 799-0452
Photo of Dr. Alice Huang, Psychologist in Ann Arbor, MI
Dr. Alice Huang
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Ann Arbor, MI 48109  (Online Only)
Welcoming couples clients! Relationship problems are common, and you have taken a courageous step by seeking therapy. As one of the few psychologists specializing in couple therapy, I have supported hundreds of couples by providing effective, evidence-based treatments that scientific research has shown to bring significant and lasting improvement. My own research on relationships has been published in peer-reviewed journals, and featured here in Psychology Today, international media outlets such as Business Insider Germany & New York Times Best Seller Atlas of the Heart by Brené Brown.
Welcoming couples clients! Relationship problems are common, and you have taken a courageous step by seeking therapy. As one of the few psychologists specializing in couple therapy, I have supported hundreds of couples by providing effective, evidence-based treatments that scientific research has shown to bring significant and lasting improvement. My own research on relationships has been published in peer-reviewed journals, and featured here in Psychology Today, international media outlets such as Business Insider Germany & New York Times Best Seller Atlas of the Heart by Brené Brown.
(734) 519-7046 View (734) 519-7046
Photo of Lisa Lavan, Pre-Licensed Professional in Ann Arbor, MI
Lisa Lavan
Pre-Licensed Professional, LLMSW
Verified Verified
Ann Arbor, MI 48105
I believe that therapy can be a deeply transformative experience. I work with adolescents, teenagers adult individuals, and couples. I utilize a person-centered and strengths-based approach to therapeutic care and incorporate trauma-focused dialectical behavioral therapy and mindfulness into therapy sessions.
I believe that therapy can be a deeply transformative experience. I work with adolescents, teenagers adult individuals, and couples. I utilize a person-centered and strengths-based approach to therapeutic care and incorporate trauma-focused dialectical behavioral therapy and mindfulness into therapy sessions.
(734) 396-8406 View (734) 396-8406

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Ann Arbor, MI

1,000+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Ann Arbor, MI who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
88% Depression
77% Self Esteem
75% Relationship Issues
71% Trauma and PTSD
70% Stress
69% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

93% BlueCross and BlueShield
55% Blue Care Network
46% Aetna

How Therapists in Ann Arbor, MI see their clients

63% In Person and Online
37% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
19% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Ann Arbor?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.