Dialectical Behavior (DBT) Psychiatrists in Southington, CT

Photo of Ms. Elizabeth Ann Connole-Pond - Cornerstone Counseling Center CT, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, DNP, MSN, PMHNP
Cornerstone Counseling Center CT
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, DNP, MSN, PMHNP
1 Endorsed
Online Only
As a board certified Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner across the lifespan I specialize in a holistic, biopsychosocial approach to care. I partner with you and meet you exactly where you are at to help you navigate life's journey. I incorporate motivational interviewing to ensure we are collaboratively taking steps towards change when you are ready.
As a board certified Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner across the lifespan I specialize in a holistic, biopsychosocial approach to care. I partner with you and meet you exactly where you are at to help you navigate life's journey. I incorporate motivational interviewing to ensure we are collaboratively taking steps towards change when you are ready.
(860) 775-4876 View (860) 775-4876
Photo of Kim Barclay, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, APRN
Kim Barclay
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, APRN
2 Endorsed
Southington, CT 06489
Struggling with anxiety, depression, sleep problems, memory or concentration changes, or feeling less like yourself lately? Solstice Healthcare provides psychiatric evaluation and treatment for adults across Connecticut, including adults with Medicare coverage. Many adults seek care when stress, grief, medical concerns, mood symptoms, poor sleep, or ongoing worry begin affecting daily life, relationships, motivation, or overall well-being. Our team provides individualized psychiatric care through secure telehealth appointments, allowing patients to access support comfortably and consistently from home.
Struggling with anxiety, depression, sleep problems, memory or concentration changes, or feeling less like yourself lately? Solstice Healthcare provides psychiatric evaluation and treatment for adults across Connecticut, including adults with Medicare coverage. Many adults seek care when stress, grief, medical concerns, mood symptoms, poor sleep, or ongoing worry begin affecting daily life, relationships, motivation, or overall well-being. Our team provides individualized psychiatric care through secure telehealth appointments, allowing patients to access support comfortably and consistently from home.
(860) 962-4359 View (860) 962-4359
Photo of Duyen Nguyen, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, MSN, PMHNP, PMH-BC, RN
Duyen Nguyen
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, MSN, PMHNP, PMH-BC, RN
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Life can feel overwhelming at times, especially when you're facing challenges like anxiety, depression, or trauma. You may feel stuck, unsure how to move forward, or simply need more support than you've been getting. Whether you're navigating the complexities of young adulthood, dealing with the stresses of later life, or managing a mental health condition, your goal is to find relief, regain control, and experience a better quality of life. With years of experience in inpatient and outpatient care, I offer compassionate, non-judgmental guidance, always working collaboratively to create a treatment plan that feels right for you.
Life can feel overwhelming at times, especially when you're facing challenges like anxiety, depression, or trauma. You may feel stuck, unsure how to move forward, or simply need more support than you've been getting. Whether you're navigating the complexities of young adulthood, dealing with the stresses of later life, or managing a mental health condition, your goal is to find relief, regain control, and experience a better quality of life. With years of experience in inpatient and outpatient care, I offer compassionate, non-judgmental guidance, always working collaboratively to create a treatment plan that feels right for you.
(646) 832-2562 View (646) 832-2562
Photo of Theresa Antwi - Wholistic Perspective, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP, NP
Wholistic Perspective
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP, NP
Serves Area
Unresolved emotional conflicts lie at the core of human suffering and at times life can be unusually painful, scary and confusing. We may feel anxious, sad, discouraged and alone and not know what to do. Talking things out with someone can help us become clearer about who we are, our strengths and also our self-defeating ways so we can move forward with an improved sense of self and direction. As a Mental Health Practitioners, we are trained to provide mental health treatment via psychotherapy and psychopharmacology. Here at Wholisitic Perspective, we have providers that have experience with children, adolescent and adult populations. At Wholistic Perspective we believe the patient is the expert and emphasize collaboration and communication to find the best treatment for you! We take a holistic approach to treatment and collaborate with other providers to ensure safety and accomplishment of treatment goals. We provide psychiatric evaluations to better understand diagnoses and medication management. We are also certified to provide evaluations for medical marijuana for posttraumatic stress disorder in adults.
Unresolved emotional conflicts lie at the core of human suffering and at times life can be unusually painful, scary and confusing. We may feel anxious, sad, discouraged and alone and not know what to do. Talking things out with someone can help us become clearer about who we are, our strengths and also our self-defeating ways so we can move forward with an improved sense of self and direction. As a Mental Health Practitioners, we are trained to provide mental health treatment via psychotherapy and psychopharmacology. Here at Wholisitic Perspective, we have providers that have experience with children, adolescent and adult populations. At Wholistic Perspective we believe the patient is the expert and emphasize collaboration and communication to find the best treatment for you! We take a holistic approach to treatment and collaborate with other providers to ensure safety and accomplishment of treatment goals. We provide psychiatric evaluations to better understand diagnoses and medication management. We are also certified to provide evaluations for medical marijuana for posttraumatic stress disorder in adults.
(203) 433-6890 View (203) 433-6890
Photo of Victoria Oliver - Infinity Mental Wellness PLLC, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, MSN, APRN, PMHNP
Infinity Mental Wellness PLLC
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, MSN, APRN, PMHNP
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Not accepting new clients
Awaken to your unlimited potential for growth and healing with Infinity Mental Wellness. My practice is rooted in a patient-centered approach, where I treat the whole person— mind, brain, body, and soul. As a holistically minded provider, I believe that psychotherapy is an integral tool to expressing our authentic selves and living a limitless life. When indicated, I combine short-term medication management to help with symptom relief, while doing inner-work on processing emotions and healing past trauma.
Awaken to your unlimited potential for growth and healing with Infinity Mental Wellness. My practice is rooted in a patient-centered approach, where I treat the whole person— mind, brain, body, and soul. As a holistically minded provider, I believe that psychotherapy is an integral tool to expressing our authentic selves and living a limitless life. When indicated, I combine short-term medication management to help with symptom relief, while doing inner-work on processing emotions and healing past trauma.
(860) 773-0802 View (860) 773-0802

More Psychiatrists Nearby

Photo of Traci Marando, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, MSN, APRN, PMHNP, BC
Traci Marando
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, MSN, APRN, PMHNP, BC
2 Endorsed
Online Only
I use evidence-based approaches including EMDR, DBT, CBT, psychodynamic therapy, somatic healing, trauma-informed care, and Imago work.
As a board-certified psychiatric nurse practitioner with 25+ years of experience, I understand how exhausting it feels when nothing seems to help. I focus on uncovering root causes—not just managing symptoms. I specialize in anxiety, depression, OCD, ADHD, C-PTSD, narcissistic abuse recovery, coercive control, codependency, relationship challenges, life transitions, grief/loss, anger management, and postpartum mental health. Together we’ll develop a personalized treatment plan that may include psychotherapy, functional medicine testing, nutritional support, and medication when needed. My goal is to help you heal, not just cope.
I use evidence-based approaches including EMDR, DBT, CBT, psychodynamic therapy, somatic healing, trauma-informed care, and Imago work.
As a board-certified psychiatric nurse practitioner with 25+ years of experience, I understand how exhausting it feels when nothing seems to help. I focus on uncovering root causes—not just managing symptoms. I specialize in anxiety, depression, OCD, ADHD, C-PTSD, narcissistic abuse recovery, coercive control, codependency, relationship challenges, life transitions, grief/loss, anger management, and postpartum mental health. Together we’ll develop a personalized treatment plan that may include psychotherapy, functional medicine testing, nutritional support, and medication when needed. My goal is to help you heal, not just cope.
(203) 403-6580 View (203) 403-6580
Photo of Melissa Shulman, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP
Melissa Shulman
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP
3 Endorsed
Online Only
Waitlist for new clients
I will be accepting new patients in May 2026. I provide holistic, trauma-informed care that goes beyond just medication management. Together we'll address the underlying causes of symptoms like anxiety, mood swings, or addictions. My practice is LGBTQ Alllied, Body Positive, and Neurodiversity-Affirming. I take clients ages 18 and up, and I'm in network with Cigna, Aetna, Optum, United, & Carelon. The fastest way to schedule is through the booking app on my website.
I will be accepting new patients in May 2026. I provide holistic, trauma-informed care that goes beyond just medication management. Together we'll address the underlying causes of symptoms like anxiety, mood swings, or addictions. My practice is LGBTQ Alllied, Body Positive, and Neurodiversity-Affirming. I take clients ages 18 and up, and I'm in network with Cigna, Aetna, Optum, United, & Carelon. The fastest way to schedule is through the booking app on my website.
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Photo of Perry D Githens - Perry Githens APRN, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, APRN, PMHNP
Perry Githens APRN
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, APRN, PMHNP
Thomaston, CT 06787
Perry Githens has sound experience in substance abuse, long-term care settings, outpatient, and acute inpatient settings with pediatric and adult populations. He has experience in all different areas, such as residential substance abuse, alcohol use disorder, inpatient geriatric psychiatry with dementia, and mental illness in the elderly.
Perry Githens has sound experience in substance abuse, long-term care settings, outpatient, and acute inpatient settings with pediatric and adult populations. He has experience in all different areas, such as residential substance abuse, alcohol use disorder, inpatient geriatric psychiatry with dementia, and mental illness in the elderly.
(845) 250-3614 View (845) 250-3614
Photo of Eddyfay Daley, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP
Eddyfay Daley
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP
Online Only
I'm Eddyfay Daley. I'm a Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner (PMHNP-BC). I'm licensed in CT, NY, & FL. My focus is to treat my patients from a person-centered and a measurement based approach. My patient population includes adolescents, adults, and geriatric patients. My focus areas are treating patients with ADHD, anxiety, depression, bipolar, and substance use disorders. It is my goal to continue to advocate for my clients who struggle to be heard and understood, while honoring their individuality and autonomy.
I'm Eddyfay Daley. I'm a Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner (PMHNP-BC). I'm licensed in CT, NY, & FL. My focus is to treat my patients from a person-centered and a measurement based approach. My patient population includes adolescents, adults, and geriatric patients. My focus areas are treating patients with ADHD, anxiety, depression, bipolar, and substance use disorders. It is my goal to continue to advocate for my clients who struggle to be heard and understood, while honoring their individuality and autonomy.
(516) 862-4330 View (516) 862-4330
Man Up Wellness Plus
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, APRN , Psych
South Windsor, CT 06074
You might be surprised to learn that low testosterone levels could be a contributing factor. Despite the myth that testosterone levels do not affect sleep, the fact is that low testosterone levels can cause mood changes and are associated with insomnia in both men and women. Don't let misconceptions hold you back; book an appointment today and let our experts help you understand the truth about your body and what you can do to improve your sleep quality and overall health. Book an appointment
You might be surprised to learn that low testosterone levels could be a contributing factor. Despite the myth that testosterone levels do not affect sleep, the fact is that low testosterone levels can cause mood changes and are associated with insomnia in both men and women. Don't let misconceptions hold you back; book an appointment today and let our experts help you understand the truth about your body and what you can do to improve your sleep quality and overall health. Book an appointment
(860) 846-4479 View (860) 846-4479
Photo of Kerisha Prince, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP, BC
Kerisha Prince
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP, BC
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Hello! I’m Kerisha Prince, a dedicated and compassionate board-certified Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner with over 6 years of experience in providing comprehensive mental health care. With a Master’s degree in Nursing and specialized training in psychiatric-mental health, I am committed to improving the lives of individuals facing mental health challenges.
Hello! I’m Kerisha Prince, a dedicated and compassionate board-certified Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner with over 6 years of experience in providing comprehensive mental health care. With a Master’s degree in Nursing and specialized training in psychiatric-mental health, I am committed to improving the lives of individuals facing mental health challenges.
(860) 943-4686 View (860) 943-4686
Photo of Sana Chunara, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP, FNP
Sana Chunara
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP, FNP
13 Endorsed
Hartford, CT 06107
As a Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner (PMHNP), I work with individuals who are feeling stuck, overwhelmed, or disconnected—often battling anxiety, depression, trauma, or mood instability. My ideal clients are those who have tried therapy, medication, or other routes but still feel like something’s missing. They’re searching for real, lasting relief and a provider who listens deeply, understands their unique story, and offers compassionate, evidence-based care that goes beyond a prescription pad. What sets me apart is my holistic, client-centered approach.I don’t just treat symptoms—I look at the whole person: mind & body
As a Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner (PMHNP), I work with individuals who are feeling stuck, overwhelmed, or disconnected—often battling anxiety, depression, trauma, or mood instability. My ideal clients are those who have tried therapy, medication, or other routes but still feel like something’s missing. They’re searching for real, lasting relief and a provider who listens deeply, understands their unique story, and offers compassionate, evidence-based care that goes beyond a prescription pad. What sets me apart is my holistic, client-centered approach.I don’t just treat symptoms—I look at the whole person: mind & body
(206) 944-5401 View (206) 944-5401
Photo of Hong Kim - One Mind Psychiatry NP PLLC, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP, NP-P, BC
One Mind Psychiatry NP PLLC
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP, NP-P, BC
Online Only
I am a board-certified psychiatric NP, trained at New York University. I specialize in adults, children, adolescents, and geriatrics. My virtual and in-person practices are friendly and confidential spaces where I provide a thorough psychiatric evaluation and personalized medication management. My approach is to always see things from the client’s perspective. My mission is to support my clients while they create more meaningful progress in life. I use my expertise to help them find harmony between mind and body. I think mental health care can be a spiritual, and yet a scientific way for the client to look into their soul.
I am a board-certified psychiatric NP, trained at New York University. I specialize in adults, children, adolescents, and geriatrics. My virtual and in-person practices are friendly and confidential spaces where I provide a thorough psychiatric evaluation and personalized medication management. My approach is to always see things from the client’s perspective. My mission is to support my clients while they create more meaningful progress in life. I use my expertise to help them find harmony between mind and body. I think mental health care can be a spiritual, and yet a scientific way for the client to look into their soul.
(475) 256-0473 View (475) 256-0473
Photo of Denia Pedroso, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, MSN, APRN, PMHNPBC
Denia Pedroso
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, MSN, APRN, PMHNPBC
Cheshire, CT 06410
Anxiety, ADHD, and the uncertainty of exploring medication can leave you feeling burned out and unsure of how to move forward. Worries, difficulty focusing, and questions about treatment often weigh on daily life, affecting your confidence and peace of mind. These struggles are real, but choosing therapy is a strong step toward change. I work with clients managing fear, ADHD, and medication decisions by helping them build clarity, strengthen coping skills, and restore balance in their lives. Through this process, you can begin to feel more grounded and supported.
Anxiety, ADHD, and the uncertainty of exploring medication can leave you feeling burned out and unsure of how to move forward. Worries, difficulty focusing, and questions about treatment often weigh on daily life, affecting your confidence and peace of mind. These struggles are real, but choosing therapy is a strong step toward change. I work with clients managing fear, ADHD, and medication decisions by helping them build clarity, strengthen coping skills, and restore balance in their lives. Through this process, you can begin to feel more grounded and supported.
(786) 839-2543 View (786) 839-2543
Photo of Carrie Fijal, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, APRN
Carrie Fijal
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, APRN
2 Endorsed
South Windsor, CT 06074
College and early adulthood bring new freedoms—but also new pressures. Many students feel anxious about academics, overwhelmed by social changes, or discouraged by depression. For others, ADHD makes focus and organization nearly impossible. These challenges often overlap, leaving young adults drained and uncertain. At Solstice Healthcare, we help students and emerging adults manage anxiety, depression, ADHD, and related issues so they can build confidence, balance, and independence.
College and early adulthood bring new freedoms—but also new pressures. Many students feel anxious about academics, overwhelmed by social changes, or discouraged by depression. For others, ADHD makes focus and organization nearly impossible. These challenges often overlap, leaving young adults drained and uncertain. At Solstice Healthcare, we help students and emerging adults manage anxiety, depression, ADHD, and related issues so they can build confidence, balance, and independence.
(475) 472-9579 View (475) 472-9579
Photo of Georgina Twumasi - Psych On Demand, & Man Up Wellness, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP, APRN
Psych On Demand, & Man Up Wellness
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP, APRN
Online Only
Unresolved emotional conflicts lie at the core of human suffering at times life can be unusually painful, scary and confusing. We may feel anxious, sad, discouraged and alone and not know what to do. Talking things out with someone can help us become clearer about who we are, our strengths and also our self-defeating ways so we can move forward with an improved sense of self and direction. As a Board Certified Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, I am an expert in clinical psychopharmacology and I treat all adult and pediatric disorders I see individuals from their early teens through middle age and beyond...
Unresolved emotional conflicts lie at the core of human suffering at times life can be unusually painful, scary and confusing. We may feel anxious, sad, discouraged and alone and not know what to do. Talking things out with someone can help us become clearer about who we are, our strengths and also our self-defeating ways so we can move forward with an improved sense of self and direction. As a Board Certified Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, I am an expert in clinical psychopharmacology and I treat all adult and pediatric disorders I see individuals from their early teens through middle age and beyond...
(860) 530-4191 View (860) 530-4191
Photo of Hong Kim - One Psychiatry, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP, NP-P, BC
One Psychiatry
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP, NP-P, BC
Online Only
I am a board-certified psychiatric NP, trained at New York University. I specialize in adults, children, adolescents, and geriatrics. My virtual and in-person practices are friendly and confidential spaces where I provide a thorough psychiatric evaluation and personalized medication management. My approach is to always see things from the client’s perspective. My mission is to support my clients while they create more meaningful progress in life. I use my expertise to help them find harmony between mind and body. I think mental health care can be a spiritual, and yet a scientific way for the client to look into their soul.
I am a board-certified psychiatric NP, trained at New York University. I specialize in adults, children, adolescents, and geriatrics. My virtual and in-person practices are friendly and confidential spaces where I provide a thorough psychiatric evaluation and personalized medication management. My approach is to always see things from the client’s perspective. My mission is to support my clients while they create more meaningful progress in life. I use my expertise to help them find harmony between mind and body. I think mental health care can be a spiritual, and yet a scientific way for the client to look into their soul.
(860) 979-6396 View (860) 979-6396
Photo of Kristine Callender, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, APRN
Kristine Callender
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, APRN
3 Endorsed
Middletown, CT 06457
Do you feel anxious, restless, or constantly under pressure to keep up with work, school, or family life? If your mood, focus, or energy feel off, a structured psychiatric evaluation can help clarify what’s going on and what treatment will be most effective. Many patients describe running on empty—burned out, stressed, or overwhelmed by anxiety and depression. At Solstice Healthcare, care is focused on adolescents and adults through individualized treatment planning to improve symptoms, restore stability, and support consistent functioning in daily life.
Do you feel anxious, restless, or constantly under pressure to keep up with work, school, or family life? If your mood, focus, or energy feel off, a structured psychiatric evaluation can help clarify what’s going on and what treatment will be most effective. Many patients describe running on empty—burned out, stressed, or overwhelmed by anxiety and depression. At Solstice Healthcare, care is focused on adolescents and adults through individualized treatment planning to improve symptoms, restore stability, and support consistent functioning in daily life.
(860) 782-4814 View (860) 782-4814
Photo of Melissa Shulman, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP
Melissa Shulman
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Waitlist for new clients
I will be accepting new patients in May 2026. I provide holistic, trauma-informed care that goes beyond just medication management. Together we'll address the underlying causes of symptoms like anxiety, mood swings, or addictions. My practice is LGBTQ Alllied, Body Positive, and Neurodiversity-Affirming. I take clients ages 18 and up, and I'm in network with Cigna, Aetna, Optum, United, & Carelon. The fastest way to schedule is through the booking app on my website.
I will be accepting new patients in May 2026. I provide holistic, trauma-informed care that goes beyond just medication management. Together we'll address the underlying causes of symptoms like anxiety, mood swings, or addictions. My practice is LGBTQ Alllied, Body Positive, and Neurodiversity-Affirming. I take clients ages 18 and up, and I'm in network with Cigna, Aetna, Optum, United, & Carelon. The fastest way to schedule is through the booking app on my website.
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Photo of Dr. Sabella Prime, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, DNP, PMHNP, APRN
Dr. Sabella Prime
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, DNP, PMHNP, APRN
Online Only
I use tools like cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), dialectical behavior therapy ( DBT), and motivational interviewing, adapting each session to meet your needs.
You might be navigating tension with a partner, feeling distant from friends, or noticing patterns in how you show up at work or with family that no longer serve you. These interpersonal struggles can leave you feeling overwhelmed, isolated, or unsure of what’s next. I also work with adults experiencing depression, anxiety, life transitions, complex PTSD, identity exploration, and women’s mental health concerns like PMDD. We’ll explore the invisible barriers that are keeping you stuck, and help you build the tools to connect more fully with others and with yourself.
I use tools like cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), dialectical behavior therapy ( DBT), and motivational interviewing, adapting each session to meet your needs.
You might be navigating tension with a partner, feeling distant from friends, or noticing patterns in how you show up at work or with family that no longer serve you. These interpersonal struggles can leave you feeling overwhelmed, isolated, or unsure of what’s next. I also work with adults experiencing depression, anxiety, life transitions, complex PTSD, identity exploration, and women’s mental health concerns like PMDD. We’ll explore the invisible barriers that are keeping you stuck, and help you build the tools to connect more fully with others and with yourself.
(929) 640-3505 View (929) 640-3505

See more therapy options for Southington

Dialectical Behavior (DBT) Psychiatrists
Who is DBT for?
Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) is designed for people who experience extreme emotional suffering because they lack the skills of emotion regulation and distress tolerance. The basic affliction can underlie a wide range of conditions, from borderline and other personality disorders to PTSD and treatment-resistant anxiety and depression. The therapy is helpful to those whose emotional reactivity is so intense it is disruptive to everyday functioning and leads to frequent crises.

Why do people need DBT?
The ability to regulate emotions is a core psychological skill that enables people to function in life and pay attention to the world outside themselves; it is consistently associated with well-being. DBT is designed to help people learn how to manage and regulate their emotions. Originally developed to treat people with borderline personality disorder whose extreme emotional suffering led to self-harming behavior and suicide attempts, the therapy is now applied to other conditions involving emotion dysregulation, particularly when other treatments have failed.

What happens in DBT?
Individuals meet weekly with their therapist to discuss their experiences relating to moods, behavior, and skills. Using checklists they maintain, they review emotional experiences and positive practices they engage in. The diaries help individuals discern what led up to a specific problem encountered, this is followed by discussion of the consequences of their actions. In addition, individuals may meet in class-like small groups to learn skills such as mindfulness, emotion regulation and distress tolerance.

How long does DBT last?
Because it is intended to establish long-lasting behavioral change among those with persistent problems, DBT is designed to last six months to a year. DBT includes both weekly sessions of individual therapy and weekly skills-training sessions conducted in small groups. Studies of DBT have documented improvement within a year of treatment, particularly in controlling self-harmful behavior; nevertheless, individuals may require therapy for several years.