Codependency Psychiatrists in Fairfax, VA

Photo of Melanie Yousefi, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner in Fairfax, VA
Melanie Yousefi
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, DNP, PMHNP
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Fairfax, VA 22030
I am a board-certified psychiatric nurse practitioner with a specialization in the treatment of children, adolescents, and adults struggling with anxiety, depression, and other mental health issues. I use a personalized treatment approach involving psychotherapy and/or medication management that meets your unique needs. I believe in meeting you where you are, focusing on your strengths, and working with you to achieve your goals. This involves treatments that are evidence-based, holistic, and aimed towards your overall wellness.
I am a board-certified psychiatric nurse practitioner with a specialization in the treatment of children, adolescents, and adults struggling with anxiety, depression, and other mental health issues. I use a personalized treatment approach involving psychotherapy and/or medication management that meets your unique needs. I believe in meeting you where you are, focusing on your strengths, and working with you to achieve your goals. This involves treatments that are evidence-based, holistic, and aimed towards your overall wellness.
(571) 536-7742 View (571) 536-7742
Photo of Jennifer Sims, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner in Fairfax, VA
Jennifer Sims
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, NP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fairfax, VA 22030  (Online Only)
Ms. Jennifer Sims is a Board Certified Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner who has over 25 years of experience in psychiatry and in a variety of settings including inpatient, academics, and outpatient. Ms. Sims received her Master’s in Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing from Indiana University. She is also a Psychiatric Clinical Nurse Specialist and has an MBA. Her clinical passion is Patient-Centered Care and working in collaboration with Clients to assist them with their mental health well-being. She treats a variety of psychiatric disorders to include, depression, anxiety, and mood disorders.
Ms. Jennifer Sims is a Board Certified Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner who has over 25 years of experience in psychiatry and in a variety of settings including inpatient, academics, and outpatient. Ms. Sims received her Master’s in Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing from Indiana University. She is also a Psychiatric Clinical Nurse Specialist and has an MBA. Her clinical passion is Patient-Centered Care and working in collaboration with Clients to assist them with their mental health well-being. She treats a variety of psychiatric disorders to include, depression, anxiety, and mood disorders.
(571) 554-1308 View (571) 554-1308
Photo of Aizhan Repchak, Psychiatrist in Fairfax, VA
Aizhan Repchak
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fairfax, VA 22030
Currently accepting new patients. I am a double board-certified psychiatrist who works with adults. I have expertise in working with a variety of mental health conditions: depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, PTSD, OCD and others. My education and experience have given me the expertise needed to treat mental health conditions in people with various medical co-morbidities. I am also a teaching psychiatrist for residents and medical students which requires me to stay up-to-date in psychopharmacological and therapeutic approaches in psychiatry.
Currently accepting new patients. I am a double board-certified psychiatrist who works with adults. I have expertise in working with a variety of mental health conditions: depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, PTSD, OCD and others. My education and experience have given me the expertise needed to treat mental health conditions in people with various medical co-morbidities. I am also a teaching psychiatrist for residents and medical students which requires me to stay up-to-date in psychopharmacological and therapeutic approaches in psychiatry.
(571) 789-1334 View (571) 789-1334
Photo of Adam Horn, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner in Fairfax, VA
Adam Horn
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, DNP, PMHNP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fairfax, VA 22030  (Online Only)
Adam is a Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner specializing in psychological trauma, anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, and addiction issues. He has more than 25 years of experience in mental health, as a psychotherapist with a Cognitive Behavioral approach and as a nurse practitioner. He has helped people from all walks of life, all sorts of life experiences, from the coasts of Washington State to hills of Tennessee and Virginia; urban and rural. He believes our pasts do not dictate our futures; and through a combination of psychotherapy and psychopharmacology, we are all capable of change and creating a better life.
Adam is a Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner specializing in psychological trauma, anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, and addiction issues. He has more than 25 years of experience in mental health, as a psychotherapist with a Cognitive Behavioral approach and as a nurse practitioner. He has helped people from all walks of life, all sorts of life experiences, from the coasts of Washington State to hills of Tennessee and Virginia; urban and rural. He believes our pasts do not dictate our futures; and through a combination of psychotherapy and psychopharmacology, we are all capable of change and creating a better life.
(571) 200-4158 View (571) 200-4158
Photo of Agnes M. Zorniak, M.D., Psychiatrist in Fairfax, VA
Agnes M. Zorniak, M.D.
Psychiatrist, MD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fairfax, VA 20151  (Online Only)
I am a Georgetown University trained psychiatrist with an extensive postgraduate training and experience. I practice evidence-based psychopharmacology, psychodynamic psychotherapy and integrative medicine. I specialize in intense short-term dynamic psychotherapy (ISTDP) that can lead to rapid and permanent recovery from a wide range of problems including anxiety, depression, loneliness, self-esteem and relationship problems, anger management issues, self-destructive behaviors and psychosomatic conditions. This model of therapy is very efficient and often works, even when previous therapies failed, or were only partially successful.
I am a Georgetown University trained psychiatrist with an extensive postgraduate training and experience. I practice evidence-based psychopharmacology, psychodynamic psychotherapy and integrative medicine. I specialize in intense short-term dynamic psychotherapy (ISTDP) that can lead to rapid and permanent recovery from a wide range of problems including anxiety, depression, loneliness, self-esteem and relationship problems, anger management issues, self-destructive behaviors and psychosomatic conditions. This model of therapy is very efficient and often works, even when previous therapies failed, or were only partially successful.
(703) 893-6077 View (703) 893-6077
Photo of Jennifer Sims, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner in Fairfax, VA
Jennifer Sims
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, APRN
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fairfax, VA 22030  (Online Only)
Ms. Jennifer Sims is a Board Certified Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner who has over 25 years of experience in psychiatry and in a variety of settings including inpatient, academics, and outpatient. Ms. Sims received her Master’s in Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing from Indiana University. She is also a Psychiatric Clinical Nurse Specialist and has an MBA. Her clinical passion is Patient-Centered Care and working in collaboration with Clients to assist them with their mental health well-being. She treats a variety of psychiatric disorders to include, depression, anxiety, and mood disorders.
Ms. Jennifer Sims is a Board Certified Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner who has over 25 years of experience in psychiatry and in a variety of settings including inpatient, academics, and outpatient. Ms. Sims received her Master’s in Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing from Indiana University. She is also a Psychiatric Clinical Nurse Specialist and has an MBA. Her clinical passion is Patient-Centered Care and working in collaboration with Clients to assist them with their mental health well-being. She treats a variety of psychiatric disorders to include, depression, anxiety, and mood disorders.
(757) 654-5093 View (757) 654-5093
Photo of Travis Jon Dichoso, Psychiatrist in Fairfax, VA
Travis Jon Dichoso
Psychiatrist, DO, MS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fairfax, VA 22031  (Online Only)
***Offering Same Week Appointments** With a therapy-first model, I want you to feel in control and share in the decision-making process to start any medications. I order labs to rule out common "physiological" reasons for feeling the way you do. It's a longer approach, but our patients feel heard, respected, and most importantly- hopeful. I have extensive experience working with college-transition/young adult patients, LGBTQ+ persons, and minorities.
***Offering Same Week Appointments** With a therapy-first model, I want you to feel in control and share in the decision-making process to start any medications. I order labs to rule out common "physiological" reasons for feeling the way you do. It's a longer approach, but our patients feel heard, respected, and most importantly- hopeful. I have extensive experience working with college-transition/young adult patients, LGBTQ+ persons, and minorities.
(202) 951-7853 View (202) 951-7853
Photo of Alexandru Serghi, Psychiatrist in Fairfax, VA
Alexandru Serghi
Psychiatrist, MD, FAPA
Verified Verified
Fairfax, VA 22030
Dr Serghi’s approach to the medical act is built around the central concept of biological, psychological and social determinants to human illness. The core principle of his practice is based on the application of the scientific method to the most current medical evidence for both the diagnosis and the treatment of brain disorders. In addition to expertise in neuropsychiatric diagnoses, Dr Serghi offers both brief psychotherapeutic interventions as well as long term psychodynamic psychotherapy, in combination with medication treatment only if indicated, within the absolute privacy and comfort of the patient-doctor therapeutic space.
Dr Serghi’s approach to the medical act is built around the central concept of biological, psychological and social determinants to human illness. The core principle of his practice is based on the application of the scientific method to the most current medical evidence for both the diagnosis and the treatment of brain disorders. In addition to expertise in neuropsychiatric diagnoses, Dr Serghi offers both brief psychotherapeutic interventions as well as long term psychodynamic psychotherapy, in combination with medication treatment only if indicated, within the absolute privacy and comfort of the patient-doctor therapeutic space.
(571) 620-6743 View (571) 620-6743

More Psychiatrists Nearby

Photo of Dr. Sofia Rizwan, Psychiatrist in Fairfax, VA
Dr. Sofia Rizwan
Psychiatrist, MD, PC
Verified Verified
Burke, VA 22015
I am a psychiatrist with more than fifteen years of experience as an adult Psychiatrist. I take most insurances and I am accepting new patients. I treat all psychiatric disorders including addiction and ADHD. My office is located in Burke, Virginia, 22015.
I am a psychiatrist with more than fifteen years of experience as an adult Psychiatrist. I take most insurances and I am accepting new patients. I treat all psychiatric disorders including addiction and ADHD. My office is located in Burke, Virginia, 22015.
(703) 691-5945 View (703) 691-5945
Photo of VirtualPsychiatricCare.com, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner in Fairfax, VA
VirtualPsychiatricCare.com
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, MSN, APRN, NP
Verified Verified
Fairfax Station, VA 22039  (Online Only)
Accepting new patients in Virginia for telehealth visits and medication management. I am board-certified treat Children and Adults. Our clients are looking to be properly diagnosed and treated using the safest prescribing principles. Make your appointment on our website today. Evening and weekend hours are available. Offering affordable rates-Initial Psychiatric Eval $199, Follow-ups $99. Accepting some insurances.
Accepting new patients in Virginia for telehealth visits and medication management. I am board-certified treat Children and Adults. Our clients are looking to be properly diagnosed and treated using the safest prescribing principles. Make your appointment on our website today. Evening and weekend hours are available. Offering affordable rates-Initial Psychiatric Eval $199, Follow-ups $99. Accepting some insurances.
(802) 210-1802 View (802) 210-1802
Photo of Jennifer Sims, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner in Fairfax, VA
Jennifer Sims
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, NP
Verified Verified
Springfield, VA 22151  (Online Only)
Ms. Jennifer Sims is a Board Certified Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner who has over 25 years of experience in psychiatry and in a variety of settings including inpatient, academics, and outpatient. Ms. Sims received her Master’s in Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing from Indiana University. She is also a Psychiatric Clinical Nurse Specialist and has an MBA. Her clinical passion is Patient-Centered Care and working in collaboration with Clients to assist them with their mental health well-being. She treats a variety of psychiatric disorders to include, depression, anxiety, and mood disorders.
Ms. Jennifer Sims is a Board Certified Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner who has over 25 years of experience in psychiatry and in a variety of settings including inpatient, academics, and outpatient. Ms. Sims received her Master’s in Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing from Indiana University. She is also a Psychiatric Clinical Nurse Specialist and has an MBA. Her clinical passion is Patient-Centered Care and working in collaboration with Clients to assist them with their mental health well-being. She treats a variety of psychiatric disorders to include, depression, anxiety, and mood disorders.
(571) 410-3655 View (571) 410-3655
Photo of Margaret Oliver, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner in Fairfax, VA
Margaret Oliver
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, NP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Springfield, VA 22151  (Online Only)
Maggie is a board-certified Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner (PMHNP-BC). She has a Master of Science in Nursing from Vanderbilt University School of Nursing, as well as a Bachelor of Science in Psychology and minor in Neuroscience from Miami University. Since 2013 she has worked in various settings, such as: community mental health, private practice, corrections, and skilled/assisted nursing facilities. Maggie specializes in geriatric psychiatry, anxiety disorders (including post traumatic stress disorder, panic disorder, and generalized anxiety disorder), mood disorders (including major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder) ADHD.
Maggie is a board-certified Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner (PMHNP-BC). She has a Master of Science in Nursing from Vanderbilt University School of Nursing, as well as a Bachelor of Science in Psychology and minor in Neuroscience from Miami University. Since 2013 she has worked in various settings, such as: community mental health, private practice, corrections, and skilled/assisted nursing facilities. Maggie specializes in geriatric psychiatry, anxiety disorders (including post traumatic stress disorder, panic disorder, and generalized anxiety disorder), mood disorders (including major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder) ADHD.
(703) 995-1586 View (703) 995-1586
Photo of Alexis Ryan, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner in Fairfax, VA
Alexis Ryan
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, NP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Springfield, VA 22151  (Online Only)
Alexis Ryan is a board-certified psychiatric nurse practitioner with her Master’s of Science in Nursing acquired from Vanderbilt University’s No. 1 ranked program in the country. She combines expertise and evidence-based approaches to care with an unflagging commitment to compassion and kindness in order to treat a variety of psychiatric disorders with particular proficiency in mood disorders, trauma-related disorders, substance use disorders, and eating disorders. Alexis utilizes psychotherapy, creates treatment plans, prescribes clinically-supported medications, and provides diagnostic clarity and education.
Alexis Ryan is a board-certified psychiatric nurse practitioner with her Master’s of Science in Nursing acquired from Vanderbilt University’s No. 1 ranked program in the country. She combines expertise and evidence-based approaches to care with an unflagging commitment to compassion and kindness in order to treat a variety of psychiatric disorders with particular proficiency in mood disorders, trauma-related disorders, substance use disorders, and eating disorders. Alexis utilizes psychotherapy, creates treatment plans, prescribes clinically-supported medications, and provides diagnostic clarity and education.
(571) 568-8035 View (571) 568-8035
Photo of Maggie Oliver, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner in Fairfax, VA
Maggie Oliver
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Annandale, VA 22003  (Online Only)
Maggie is a board-certified Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner (PMHNP-BC). She has a Master of Science in Nursing from Vanderbilt University School of Nursing, as well as a Bachelor of Science in Psychology and minor in Neuroscience from Miami University. Since 2013 she has worked in various settings, such as: community mental health, private practice, corrections, and skilled/assisted nursing facilities.
Maggie is a board-certified Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner (PMHNP-BC). She has a Master of Science in Nursing from Vanderbilt University School of Nursing, as well as a Bachelor of Science in Psychology and minor in Neuroscience from Miami University. Since 2013 she has worked in various settings, such as: community mental health, private practice, corrections, and skilled/assisted nursing facilities.
(703) 997-1744 View (703) 997-1744
Photo of Kylie Wright, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner in Fairfax, VA
Kylie Wright
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP, MSN, BSN, RN
Verified Verified
Vienna, VA 22182
Meet Kylie Wright – A psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner, with over 18 years of experience in the behavioral health field, who specializes in a wide variety of mental health illnesses. She works with adults, providing each patient with quality care while providing a safe and therapeutic environment. Kylie offers both medication management and counseling to aid in the recovery process.
Meet Kylie Wright – A psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner, with over 18 years of experience in the behavioral health field, who specializes in a wide variety of mental health illnesses. She works with adults, providing each patient with quality care while providing a safe and therapeutic environment. Kylie offers both medication management and counseling to aid in the recovery process.
(571) 351-2827 View (571) 351-2827
Photo of Adam Horn, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner in Fairfax, VA
Adam Horn
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, DNP, PMHNP
Verified Verified
Springfield, VA 22151  (Online Only)
Adam is a Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner specializing in psychological trauma, anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, and addiction issues. He has more than 25 years of experience in mental health, as a psychotherapist with a Cognitive Behavioral approach and as a nurse practitioner. He has helped people from all walks of life, all sorts of life experiences, from the coasts of Washington State to hills of Tennessee and Virginia; urban and rural. He believes our pasts do not dictate our futures; and through a combination of psychotherapy and psychopharmacology, we are all capable of change and creating a better life.
Adam is a Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner specializing in psychological trauma, anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, and addiction issues. He has more than 25 years of experience in mental health, as a psychotherapist with a Cognitive Behavioral approach and as a nurse practitioner. He has helped people from all walks of life, all sorts of life experiences, from the coasts of Washington State to hills of Tennessee and Virginia; urban and rural. He believes our pasts do not dictate our futures; and through a combination of psychotherapy and psychopharmacology, we are all capable of change and creating a better life.
(571) 536-6295 View (571) 536-6295
Photo of Lasting Serenity Telepsychiatry, INC , Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner in Fairfax, VA
Lasting Serenity Telepsychiatry, INC
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, DNP, PMHNP, FNP-C, MSN, CRNP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Manassas, VA 20110  (Online Only)
We understand that individuals in need of services may not always prefer the clinical setting. We are giving them the chance to talk to mental health professionals at the comfort of their homes through a secure HIPAA compliant telemedicine platform. Each individual is unique, therefore, each treatment plan is individualized and created for you, with you. We encourage your involvement to enrich understanding regarding your needs while rendering an empathetic approach to your care. Lasting Serenity Telepsychiatry brings a wide array of treatment modalities and depth of experience to provide the most comprehensive care to all clients.
We understand that individuals in need of services may not always prefer the clinical setting. We are giving them the chance to talk to mental health professionals at the comfort of their homes through a secure HIPAA compliant telemedicine platform. Each individual is unique, therefore, each treatment plan is individualized and created for you, with you. We encourage your involvement to enrich understanding regarding your needs while rendering an empathetic approach to your care. Lasting Serenity Telepsychiatry brings a wide array of treatment modalities and depth of experience to provide the most comprehensive care to all clients.
(571) 308-8243 View (571) 308-8243
Photo of Peggy Doyle, Advanced Practice Psychiatric Nurse, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner in Fairfax, VA
Peggy Doyle, Advanced Practice Psychiatric Nurse
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMH, CNS, BC
Verified Verified
Manassas, VA 20108
During the 50+ years I have been serving the community as a nurse and mental health therapist I have learned that you who come to me for help have your own answers locked inside. My work is to share my skills and experience to help you unravel your confusion and ease your emotional pain. Couples with relationship issues learn to listen. Individuals learn to deal with loss and grief. Anxiety dissipates with insight and learned skills. Children and Adolescents improve self esteem and confidence. Changing the way you look at your world will change the way you feel and act.
During the 50+ years I have been serving the community as a nurse and mental health therapist I have learned that you who come to me for help have your own answers locked inside. My work is to share my skills and experience to help you unravel your confusion and ease your emotional pain. Couples with relationship issues learn to listen. Individuals learn to deal with loss and grief. Anxiety dissipates with insight and learned skills. Children and Adolescents improve self esteem and confidence. Changing the way you look at your world will change the way you feel and act.
(540) 736-8887 View (540) 736-8887
Photo of Collette Fanyi Ngante, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner in Fairfax, VA
Collette Fanyi Ngante
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, DNP, MPH, PMHNP-B
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Prince William, VA 22192
My name is Collette Ngante, I am a psychiatric and mental health Nurse Practitioner. I have a Doctorate of Nursing Practice (DNP). I also have a Masters in Public Health and two Bachelors Degrees in nursing and sociology & anthropology. Working with sociology and anthropology along with my experience in mental health combine in creating a personalized safe space for all clients who may need my help. We Provide an individualistic approach of care with dignity and respect. We also extend our services to Group homes, Foster Care Homes, Assisted Living facilities and other Long-term care facilities .
My name is Collette Ngante, I am a psychiatric and mental health Nurse Practitioner. I have a Doctorate of Nursing Practice (DNP). I also have a Masters in Public Health and two Bachelors Degrees in nursing and sociology & anthropology. Working with sociology and anthropology along with my experience in mental health combine in creating a personalized safe space for all clients who may need my help. We Provide an individualistic approach of care with dignity and respect. We also extend our services to Group homes, Foster Care Homes, Assisted Living facilities and other Long-term care facilities .
(540) 779-1648 View (540) 779-1648

Online Psychiatrists

Photo of CapeSide Psychiatry & CapeSide Addiction Care, Psychiatrist in Fairfax, VA
CapeSide Psychiatry & CapeSide Addiction Care
Psychiatrist, DO
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fredericksburg, VA 22407  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Capeside Psychiatry is committed to providing comprehensive mental health services to children, adolescents, and adults. We provide evaluations, psychological assessments, therapy, and medication management for a range of psychological and behavioral health disorders. Capeside Addiction Care is committed to reducing opioid dependence. Our telehealth services and customized treatment plans allow patients to go through recovery anonymously, keeping their everyday lives intact. Our patients hold the power of their recovery when given the opportunity to get the help they truly need.
Capeside Psychiatry is committed to providing comprehensive mental health services to children, adolescents, and adults. We provide evaluations, psychological assessments, therapy, and medication management for a range of psychological and behavioral health disorders. Capeside Addiction Care is committed to reducing opioid dependence. Our telehealth services and customized treatment plans allow patients to go through recovery anonymously, keeping their everyday lives intact. Our patients hold the power of their recovery when given the opportunity to get the help they truly need.
(910) 537-5143 View (910) 537-5143
Codependency Psychiatrists

What therapy types help with codependency problems?

Both couples and family therapy and cognitive and behavioral therapy (CBT) can help with the relationship difficulties referred to as codependency. Such problems typically include inappropriate feelings of responsibility for a loved one’s destructive behavior, irrational patterns of thinking about such behavior, and family interaction patterns in which the needs of one troubled member override the needs of others in a household.

What happens in therapy for codependency?

Spouses and family members learn and practice how to interact and support each other in a healthy way without sacrificing their own needs or well-being. They learn the limits of their responsibility for their loved ones and correct faulty patterns of thinking and feeling that underlie codependent behavior. Individuals may be encouraged to nurture an array of social relationships and to cultivate their own talents and interests so that they develop a healthy sense of self outside the family.

How does therapy help a person or couple overcome codependency?

Therapy helps people establish healthy ways of being in a relationship. Spouses and family members learn how to nurture and support one another without sacrificing their own needs or allowing the needs of one person to dominate the dynamic. Individuals learn how to say no and set boundaries, and how to maintain their own identity and self-esteem. Therapy helps people understand that they are not responsible for the feelings and actions of others. It also helps individuals deal with the turbulence that can come from living with a person suffering from such conditions as substance abuse and mental illness.

What is the goal of therapy for codependency?

One goal of therapy for codependency is to alleviate feelings of responsibility for and correct irrational patterns of thinking about loved ones whose behavioral problems override the needs of others in a household. Therapy helps people establish healthy boundaries of behavior and speak up for their own needs in a relationship. In addition, people learn how to maintain a healthy relationship, one in which both parties give and receive equally and are able to retain their own identity.