Psychoanalytic Psychiatrists in Marina Del Rey, CA

Photo of Mottsin Thomas - Bonmente , Psychiatrist, MD
Bonmente
Psychiatrist, MD
Online Only
Accepting New Patients – Welcome to Bonmente! We know asking for help takes courage, and finding the right provider shouldn’t add stress. That’s why we offer same-week appointments and can often see you within 3–5 days. We accept most major insurance plans (including Aetna, Anthem Blue Shield, Blue Cross, Cigna, and United) and provide care through compassionate, highly trained professionals. With insurance-covered telemedicine sessions, you can connect from the comfort of home or office. Our supportive team makes starting your mental health journey simple, so you can focus on what matters most — feeling better and moving forward.
Accepting New Patients – Welcome to Bonmente! We know asking for help takes courage, and finding the right provider shouldn’t add stress. That’s why we offer same-week appointments and can often see you within 3–5 days. We accept most major insurance plans (including Aetna, Anthem Blue Shield, Blue Cross, Cigna, and United) and provide care through compassionate, highly trained professionals. With insurance-covered telemedicine sessions, you can connect from the comfort of home or office. Our supportive team makes starting your mental health journey simple, so you can focus on what matters most — feeling better and moving forward.
(424) 371-7664 View (424) 371-7664
Photo of Ana Jimenez-Bonmente, Physician Assistant, PA-C
Ana Jimenez-Bonmente
Physician Assistant, PA-C
Marina Del Rey, CA 90292
Accepting New Patients – Welcome to Bonmente! We know asking for help takes courage, and finding the right provider shouldn’t add stress. That’s why we offer same-week appointments and can often see you within 3–5 days. We accept most major insurance plans (including Aetna, Anthem Blue Shield, Blue Cross, Cigna, and United) and provide care through compassionate, highly trained professionals. With insurance-covered telemedicine sessions, you can connect from the comfort of home or office. Our supportive team makes starting your mental health journey simple, so you can focus on what matters most — feeling better and moving forward.
Accepting New Patients – Welcome to Bonmente! We know asking for help takes courage, and finding the right provider shouldn’t add stress. That’s why we offer same-week appointments and can often see you within 3–5 days. We accept most major insurance plans (including Aetna, Anthem Blue Shield, Blue Cross, Cigna, and United) and provide care through compassionate, highly trained professionals. With insurance-covered telemedicine sessions, you can connect from the comfort of home or office. Our supportive team makes starting your mental health journey simple, so you can focus on what matters most — feeling better and moving forward.
(310) 579-2145 View (310) 579-2145
Photo of Kathleen Isabel Lopez, Psychiatrist, MD
Kathleen Isabel Lopez
Psychiatrist, MD
2 Endorsed
Serves Area
I specialize in treating various forms of depression, anxiety disorders, PTSD, ADHD, and other mood disorders, especially treatment-resistant cases. I provide innovative therapeutics, such as Ketamine Therapy, TMS Therapy, General Psychiatry, and more. It's important to me to involve clients in decision-making, tailoring treatment plans to align with individual goals and preferences.
I specialize in treating various forms of depression, anxiety disorders, PTSD, ADHD, and other mood disorders, especially treatment-resistant cases. I provide innovative therapeutics, such as Ketamine Therapy, TMS Therapy, General Psychiatry, and more. It's important to me to involve clients in decision-making, tailoring treatment plans to align with individual goals and preferences.
(424) 380-7240 View (424) 380-7240
Photo of Dr. Adel Mostafavi, Psychiatrist, MD
Dr. Adel Mostafavi
Psychiatrist, MD
Online Only
Do you Over-Think things? Over-Experience your emotions? Do you struggle to focus or complete tasks? Difficulty sleeping? Putting off your mental health is no longer an option! With over 75 clinical experts, WellPsyche and MediPsych providers provide Empathetic Psychotherapy and Personalized Medication Management services for Children, Adolescents, and Adults. 100% of our visits are conducted via Zoom, and we are available mornings, afternoons, and evenings. Meet with your psychiatrist from the privacy and convenience of home or work. We are simplifying the mental health experience so you can become the best version of you!
Do you Over-Think things? Over-Experience your emotions? Do you struggle to focus or complete tasks? Difficulty sleeping? Putting off your mental health is no longer an option! With over 75 clinical experts, WellPsyche and MediPsych providers provide Empathetic Psychotherapy and Personalized Medication Management services for Children, Adolescents, and Adults. 100% of our visits are conducted via Zoom, and we are available mornings, afternoons, and evenings. Meet with your psychiatrist from the privacy and convenience of home or work. We are simplifying the mental health experience so you can become the best version of you!
(424) 396-0386 View (424) 396-0386

More Psychiatrists Nearby

Photo of Tina Thu-Ha Nguyen, Psychiatrist, MD
Tina Thu-Ha Nguyen
Psychiatrist, MD
1 Endorsed
Los Angeles, CA 90025
I am a double board-certified Child, Adolescent, & Adult Psychiatrist, as well as Psychotherapist. I believe in taking the time to fully understand each person’s unique situation because one’s state of mind is inseparable from the family and social systems that surround us. Each patient is seen as an individual and encouraged to be an active participant and collaborator in their own treatment planning. For some, this will involve medications, after a thorough discussion of risks, benefits, and side effects. And for others the best course may be to start with psychotherapy or other supportive treatments before meds are considered.
I am a double board-certified Child, Adolescent, & Adult Psychiatrist, as well as Psychotherapist. I believe in taking the time to fully understand each person’s unique situation because one’s state of mind is inseparable from the family and social systems that surround us. Each patient is seen as an individual and encouraged to be an active participant and collaborator in their own treatment planning. For some, this will involve medications, after a thorough discussion of risks, benefits, and side effects. And for others the best course may be to start with psychotherapy or other supportive treatments before meds are considered.
(424) 407-0077 View (424) 407-0077
Photo of Dr. Jamila Harris, Psychiatrist, MD
Dr. Jamila Harris
Psychiatrist, MD
Online Only
Accepting New Patients – Welcome to Bonmente! We know asking for help takes courage, and finding the right provider shouldn’t add stress. That’s why we offer same-week appointments and can often see you within 3–5 days. We accept most major insurance plans (including Aetna, Anthem Blue Shield, Blue Cross, Cigna, and United) and provide care through compassionate, highly trained professionals. With insurance-covered telemedicine sessions, you can connect from the comfort of home or office. Our supportive team makes starting your mental health journey simple, so you can focus on what matters most — feeling better and moving forward.
Accepting New Patients – Welcome to Bonmente! We know asking for help takes courage, and finding the right provider shouldn’t add stress. That’s why we offer same-week appointments and can often see you within 3–5 days. We accept most major insurance plans (including Aetna, Anthem Blue Shield, Blue Cross, Cigna, and United) and provide care through compassionate, highly trained professionals. With insurance-covered telemedicine sessions, you can connect from the comfort of home or office. Our supportive team makes starting your mental health journey simple, so you can focus on what matters most — feeling better and moving forward.
(818) 302-0075 View (818) 302-0075
Photo of Eric Mathews, Psychiatrist, MD
Eric Mathews
Psychiatrist, MD
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Confidential telehealth appointments are available now for clients located anywhere in California. Whether it’s anxiety keeping you up at night, depression draining your motivation, or attention challenges disrupting your daily life, you don’t have to navigate it alone. I’m a California-licensed psychiatrist providing thoughtful, evidence-based care for adults facing anxiety, depression, ADHD, trauma/PTSD, changes in emotional or mental clarity, or major life transitions. My clinical work is grounded in science—and shaped by over 15 years of experience in global human rights and trauma advocacy.
Confidential telehealth appointments are available now for clients located anywhere in California. Whether it’s anxiety keeping you up at night, depression draining your motivation, or attention challenges disrupting your daily life, you don’t have to navigate it alone. I’m a California-licensed psychiatrist providing thoughtful, evidence-based care for adults facing anxiety, depression, ADHD, trauma/PTSD, changes in emotional or mental clarity, or major life transitions. My clinical work is grounded in science—and shaped by over 15 years of experience in global human rights and trauma advocacy.
(951) 501-4584 View (951) 501-4584
Photo of Sarah Sicher - Dr Sarah Sicher - Pulse TMS, Psychiatrist, MD
Dr Sarah Sicher - Pulse TMS
Psychiatrist, MD
1 Endorsed
Los Angeles, CA 90025
Dr. Sarah Sicher, a board-certified psychiatrist in both General Adult and Child/Adolescent Psychiatry, is dedicated to providing high-quality, in-network care at Pulse TMS. She specializes in integrated, whole-person psychiatric care, tailoring her approach to each individual's unique circumstances and needs.
Dr. Sarah Sicher, a board-certified psychiatrist in both General Adult and Child/Adolescent Psychiatry, is dedicated to providing high-quality, in-network care at Pulse TMS. She specializes in integrated, whole-person psychiatric care, tailoring her approach to each individual's unique circumstances and needs.
(424) 699-4870 View (424) 699-4870
Photo of Dr. Kailee Marin, Psychiatrist, DO
Dr. Kailee Marin
Psychiatrist, DO
Online Only
Accepting New Patients – Welcome to Bonmente! We know asking for help takes courage, and finding the right provider shouldn’t add stress. That’s why we offer same-week appointments and can often see you within 3–5 days. We accept most major insurance plans (including Aetna, Anthem Blue Shield, Blue Cross, Cigna, and United) and provide care through compassionate, highly trained professionals. With insurance-covered telemedicine sessions, you can connect from the comfort of home or office. Our supportive team makes starting your mental health journey simple, so you can focus on what matters most — feeling better and moving forward.
Accepting New Patients – Welcome to Bonmente! We know asking for help takes courage, and finding the right provider shouldn’t add stress. That’s why we offer same-week appointments and can often see you within 3–5 days. We accept most major insurance plans (including Aetna, Anthem Blue Shield, Blue Cross, Cigna, and United) and provide care through compassionate, highly trained professionals. With insurance-covered telemedicine sessions, you can connect from the comfort of home or office. Our supportive team makes starting your mental health journey simple, so you can focus on what matters most — feeling better and moving forward.
(310) 349-3864 View (310) 349-3864
Photo of Desiree Bonomo, Physician Assistant, PA-C
Desiree Bonomo
Physician Assistant, PA-C
Online Only
Accepting New Patients – Welcome to Bonmente! We know asking for help takes courage, and finding the right provider shouldn’t add stress. That’s why we offer same-week appointments and can often see you within 3–5 days. We accept most major insurance plans (including Aetna, Anthem Blue Shield, Blue Cross, Cigna, and United) and provide care through compassionate, highly trained professionals. With insurance-covered telemedicine sessions, you can connect from the comfort of home or office. Our supportive team makes starting your mental health journey simple, so you can focus on what matters most — feeling better and moving forward.
Accepting New Patients – Welcome to Bonmente! We know asking for help takes courage, and finding the right provider shouldn’t add stress. That’s why we offer same-week appointments and can often see you within 3–5 days. We accept most major insurance plans (including Aetna, Anthem Blue Shield, Blue Cross, Cigna, and United) and provide care through compassionate, highly trained professionals. With insurance-covered telemedicine sessions, you can connect from the comfort of home or office. Our supportive team makes starting your mental health journey simple, so you can focus on what matters most — feeling better and moving forward.
(747) 207-3406 View (747) 207-3406
Photo of Paige Schaeper, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP
Paige Schaeper
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP
Online Only
Accepting New Patients – Welcome to Bonmente! We know asking for help takes courage, and finding the right provider shouldn’t add stress. That’s why we offer same-week appointments and can often see you within 3–5 days. We accept most major insurance plans (including Aetna, Anthem Blue Shield, Blue Cross, Cigna, and United) and provide care through compassionate, highly trained professionals. With insurance-covered telemedicine sessions, you can connect from the comfort of home or office. Our supportive team makes starting your mental health journey simple, so you can focus on what matters most — feeling better and moving forward.
Accepting New Patients – Welcome to Bonmente! We know asking for help takes courage, and finding the right provider shouldn’t add stress. That’s why we offer same-week appointments and can often see you within 3–5 days. We accept most major insurance plans (including Aetna, Anthem Blue Shield, Blue Cross, Cigna, and United) and provide care through compassionate, highly trained professionals. With insurance-covered telemedicine sessions, you can connect from the comfort of home or office. Our supportive team makes starting your mental health journey simple, so you can focus on what matters most — feeling better and moving forward.
(818) 514-7489 View (818) 514-7489
Photo of Farnaz Trasandes, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP, DNP
Farnaz Trasandes
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP, DNP
Online Only
Accepting New Patients – Welcome to Bonmente! We know asking for help takes courage, and finding the right provider shouldn’t add stress. That’s why we offer same-week appointments and can often see you within 3–5 days. We accept most major insurance plans (including Aetna, Anthem Blue Shield, Blue Cross, Cigna, and United) and provide care through compassionate, highly trained professionals. With insurance-covered telemedicine sessions, you can connect from the comfort of home or office. Our supportive team makes starting your mental health journey simple, so you can focus on what matters most — feeling better and moving forward.
Accepting New Patients – Welcome to Bonmente! We know asking for help takes courage, and finding the right provider shouldn’t add stress. That’s why we offer same-week appointments and can often see you within 3–5 days. We accept most major insurance plans (including Aetna, Anthem Blue Shield, Blue Cross, Cigna, and United) and provide care through compassionate, highly trained professionals. With insurance-covered telemedicine sessions, you can connect from the comfort of home or office. Our supportive team makes starting your mental health journey simple, so you can focus on what matters most — feeling better and moving forward.
(323) 948-6294 View (323) 948-6294
Photo of Riz Ahmad, Psychiatrist, MD
Riz Ahmad
Psychiatrist, MD
Online Only
Accepting New Patients – Welcome to Bonmente! We know asking for help takes courage, and finding the right provider shouldn’t add stress. That’s why we offer same-week appointments and can often see you within 3–5 days. We accept most major insurance plans (including Aetna, Anthem Blue Shield, Blue Cross, Cigna, and United) and provide care through compassionate, highly trained professionals. With insurance-covered telemedicine sessions, you can connect from the comfort of home or office. Our supportive team makes starting your mental health journey simple, so you can focus on what matters most — feeling better and moving forward.
Accepting New Patients – Welcome to Bonmente! We know asking for help takes courage, and finding the right provider shouldn’t add stress. That’s why we offer same-week appointments and can often see you within 3–5 days. We accept most major insurance plans (including Aetna, Anthem Blue Shield, Blue Cross, Cigna, and United) and provide care through compassionate, highly trained professionals. With insurance-covered telemedicine sessions, you can connect from the comfort of home or office. Our supportive team makes starting your mental health journey simple, so you can focus on what matters most — feeling better and moving forward.
(323) 312-3677 View (323) 312-3677
Photo of Cinthia Walker, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP
Cinthia Walker
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP
Online Only
Accepting New Patients – Welcome to Bonmente! We know asking for help takes courage, and finding the right provider shouldn’t add stress. That’s why we offer same-week appointments and can often see you within 3–5 days. We accept most major insurance plans (including Aetna, Anthem Blue Shield, Blue Cross, Cigna, and United) and provide care through compassionate, highly trained professionals. With insurance-covered telemedicine sessions, you can connect from the comfort of home or office. Our supportive team makes starting your mental health journey simple, so you can focus on what matters most — feeling better and moving forward.
Accepting New Patients – Welcome to Bonmente! We know asking for help takes courage, and finding the right provider shouldn’t add stress. That’s why we offer same-week appointments and can often see you within 3–5 days. We accept most major insurance plans (including Aetna, Anthem Blue Shield, Blue Cross, Cigna, and United) and provide care through compassionate, highly trained professionals. With insurance-covered telemedicine sessions, you can connect from the comfort of home or office. Our supportive team makes starting your mental health journey simple, so you can focus on what matters most — feeling better and moving forward.
(747) 351-1824 View (747) 351-1824
Photo of Dr. Ian Tofler - Dr. Ian Tofler, MD | Mindful Health Solutions , Psychiatrist, MD
Ian Tofler, MD is a Board-Certified Psychiatrist who treats patients of all ages with anxiety, depression, OCD, ADHD, trauma, bipolar disorder, and other mood disorders. Dr. Tofler adopts an empathetic and collaborative working style, as he knows it’s vulnerable for patients to seek mental health care. He treats everyone with dignity and respect and meets each patient’s unique needs. He is diligent in collaborating with the whole treatment team, which is critical to the overall success of patient outcomes. Ian Tofler, MD, believes all patients provide a unique perspective and require understanding and empathy.
Ian Tofler, MD is a Board-Certified Psychiatrist who treats patients of all ages with anxiety, depression, OCD, ADHD, trauma, bipolar disorder, and other mood disorders. Dr. Tofler adopts an empathetic and collaborative working style, as he knows it’s vulnerable for patients to seek mental health care. He treats everyone with dignity and respect and meets each patient’s unique needs. He is diligent in collaborating with the whole treatment team, which is critical to the overall success of patient outcomes. Ian Tofler, MD, believes all patients provide a unique perspective and require understanding and empathy.
(628) 265-3105 View (628) 265-3105
Photo of Mottsin Thomas, Psychiatrist, MD
Mottsin Thomas
Psychiatrist, MD
Online Only
Accepting New Patients – Welcome to Bonmente! We know asking for help takes courage, and finding the right provider shouldn’t add stress. That’s why we offer same-week appointments and can often see you within 3–5 days. We accept most major insurance plans (including Aetna, Anthem Blue Shield, Blue Cross, Cigna, and United) and provide care through compassionate, highly trained professionals. With insurance-covered telemedicine sessions, you can connect from the comfort of home or office. Our supportive team makes starting your mental health journey simple, so you can focus on what matters most — feeling better and moving forward.
Accepting New Patients – Welcome to Bonmente! We know asking for help takes courage, and finding the right provider shouldn’t add stress. That’s why we offer same-week appointments and can often see you within 3–5 days. We accept most major insurance plans (including Aetna, Anthem Blue Shield, Blue Cross, Cigna, and United) and provide care through compassionate, highly trained professionals. With insurance-covered telemedicine sessions, you can connect from the comfort of home or office. Our supportive team makes starting your mental health journey simple, so you can focus on what matters most — feeling better and moving forward.
(760) 214-9822 View (760) 214-9822
Photo of Paige Schaeper, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP
Paige Schaeper
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP
Online Only
Accepting New Patients – Welcome to Bonmente! We know asking for help takes courage, and finding the right provider shouldn’t add stress. That’s why we offer same-week appointments and can often see you within 3–5 days. We accept most major insurance plans (including Aetna, Anthem Blue Shield, Blue Cross, Cigna, and United) and provide care through compassionate, highly trained professionals. With insurance-covered telemedicine sessions, you can connect from the comfort of home or office. Our supportive team makes starting your mental health journey simple, so you can focus on what matters most — feeling better and moving forward.
Accepting New Patients – Welcome to Bonmente! We know asking for help takes courage, and finding the right provider shouldn’t add stress. That’s why we offer same-week appointments and can often see you within 3–5 days. We accept most major insurance plans (including Aetna, Anthem Blue Shield, Blue Cross, Cigna, and United) and provide care through compassionate, highly trained professionals. With insurance-covered telemedicine sessions, you can connect from the comfort of home or office. Our supportive team makes starting your mental health journey simple, so you can focus on what matters most — feeling better and moving forward.
(661) 404-7266 View (661) 404-7266
Photo of Dr. Sandra Hah, Psychiatrist, MD
Dr. Sandra Hah
Psychiatrist, MD
Online Only
Do you Over-Think things? Over-Experience your emotions? Do you struggle to focus or complete tasks? Difficulty sleeping? Putting off your mental health is no longer an option! With over 75 clinical experts, WellPsyche and MediPsych providers provide Empathetic Psychotherapy and Personalized Medication Management services for Children, Adolescents, and Adults. 100% of our visits are conducted via Zoom, and we are available mornings, afternoons, and evenings. Meet with your psychiatrist from the privacy and convenience of home or work. We are simplifying the mental health experience so you can become the best version of you!
Do you Over-Think things? Over-Experience your emotions? Do you struggle to focus or complete tasks? Difficulty sleeping? Putting off your mental health is no longer an option! With over 75 clinical experts, WellPsyche and MediPsych providers provide Empathetic Psychotherapy and Personalized Medication Management services for Children, Adolescents, and Adults. 100% of our visits are conducted via Zoom, and we are available mornings, afternoons, and evenings. Meet with your psychiatrist from the privacy and convenience of home or work. We are simplifying the mental health experience so you can become the best version of you!
(424) 396-0683 View (424) 396-0683
Photo of Hyunjib Sean Kim, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP
Hyunjib Sean Kim
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP
Online Only
Accepting New Patients – Welcome to Bonmente! We know asking for help takes courage, and finding the right provider shouldn’t add stress. That’s why we offer same-week appointments and can often see you within 3–5 days. We accept most major insurance plans (including Aetna, Anthem Blue Shield, Blue Cross, Cigna, and United) and provide care through compassionate, highly trained professionals. With insurance-covered telemedicine sessions, you can connect from the comfort of home or office. Our supportive team makes starting your mental health journey simple, so you can focus on what matters most — feeling better and moving forward.
Accepting New Patients – Welcome to Bonmente! We know asking for help takes courage, and finding the right provider shouldn’t add stress. That’s why we offer same-week appointments and can often see you within 3–5 days. We accept most major insurance plans (including Aetna, Anthem Blue Shield, Blue Cross, Cigna, and United) and provide care through compassionate, highly trained professionals. With insurance-covered telemedicine sessions, you can connect from the comfort of home or office. Our supportive team makes starting your mental health journey simple, so you can focus on what matters most — feeling better and moving forward.
(323) 430-8857 View (323) 430-8857
Photo of Aryeh L Goldberg, Psychiatrist, MD, MA
Aryeh L Goldberg
Psychiatrist, MD, MA
Los Angeles, CA 90048
Dr. Goldberg is a board-certified adult psychiatrist and forensic psychiatrist practicing in Southern California. He treats a variety of psychiatric conditions, including Depression, Bipolar Disorder, Anxiety Disorders, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Schizophrenia-Spectrum Disorders, and personality disorders as well as disorders of sleep, attention and focus. Dr. Goldberg specializes in marital therapy and marital interventions as a treatment for psychiatric disorders. His further interests include spirituality and the unique mental health concerns of religious and spiritual communities.
Dr. Goldberg is a board-certified adult psychiatrist and forensic psychiatrist practicing in Southern California. He treats a variety of psychiatric conditions, including Depression, Bipolar Disorder, Anxiety Disorders, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Schizophrenia-Spectrum Disorders, and personality disorders as well as disorders of sleep, attention and focus. Dr. Goldberg specializes in marital therapy and marital interventions as a treatment for psychiatric disorders. His further interests include spirituality and the unique mental health concerns of religious and spiritual communities.
(310) 363-0765 View (310) 363-0765

See more therapy options for Marina Del Rey

Psychoanalytic Psychiatrists

Does psychoanalytic therapy work?

Psychoanalytic therapy derives from the work of Sigmund Freud. In this type of therapy, discovering buried thoughts and emotions from the unconscious will help a person work through their difficulties and negative behaviors. Research shows that psychoanalytic therapy can be highly effective, with patients reporting improvement in mood, quality of life, and overall well-being.

How long are people typically in psychoanalytic therapy?

Traditional psychoanalysis is in-depth and is conducted in five sessions every week. Today, modern psychoanalytic therapy is less intense and normally incorporates as few as one or two sessions a week. In some cases, positive change can occur quickly. However, if the condition, difficulty, or behavior is deep-seated, improvement may require many months or years of therapy.

Is psychoanalytic therapy suitable for young people?

Children and adolescents can benefit from this type of therapy. Many kids and teens are often unable to form and communicate their thoughts and emotions. Psychoanalytic therapy uses specific techniques such as dream analysis, symbolism, and free association or word association; all of which can be useful tools for less-communicative young people. Through this therapy, a patient will hopefully make connections between what they feel inside and how the world works outside.

Can psychoanalytic therapy be done online?

Modern-day psychoanalytic therapy is very different from traditional psychoanalysis. While an individual can sit face-to-face with the psychoanalyst for multiple sessions a week, they do not have to. Today, psychoanalytic therapy can be effectively conducted online or by phone. The key is that the individual confronts what is repressed and avoided, and this can be done whether in person or over online video.