Cognitive Behavioral (CBT) Psychiatrists in La Canada, CA

Photo of Claudette Banda, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP
Claudette Banda
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP
Online Only
She uses CBT along with other evidence-based approaches, selecting methods that best align with your goals, symptoms, and comfort level.
Welcome New Patients! Claudette is a board-certified psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner at Bonmente, a full-service mental health clinic that offers online appointments, accepts insurance (Aetna, Anthem, Blue Cross, Cigna, United, and more), and has same-week appointments available. She earned her Master’s degree from Yale and has specialized in women’s mental health for more than a decade. As a certified Menopause Society provider, she offers warm, evidence-based care and sees it as a privilege to help women navigate every stage of life with confidence and improved mental well-being.
She uses CBT along with other evidence-based approaches, selecting methods that best align with your goals, symptoms, and comfort level.
Welcome New Patients! Claudette is a board-certified psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner at Bonmente, a full-service mental health clinic that offers online appointments, accepts insurance (Aetna, Anthem, Blue Cross, Cigna, United, and more), and has same-week appointments available. She earned her Master’s degree from Yale and has specialized in women’s mental health for more than a decade. As a certified Menopause Society provider, she offers warm, evidence-based care and sees it as a privilege to help women navigate every stage of life with confidence and improved mental well-being.
(818) 572-9407 View (818) 572-9407
Photo of Jacquelyn Hamed - Mindwell MHS - Anxiety, Depression & Mood Disorder, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PHMNP, APRN, BSN
Mindwell MHS - Anxiety, Depression & Mood Disorder
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PHMNP, APRN, BSN
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
MindWell Mental Health Services is a psychiatric clinic in Wildomar providing in-person and online mental health consultation, mental health counseling, psychiatric medication management, and therapy for adults, teenagers, and children struggling with depression, ADHD, anxiety, addiction, and more. While based in Wildomar, MindWell also offers virtual and face-to-face mental health consultations in Murrieta, Temecula, Riverside County, and throughout California.
MindWell Mental Health Services is a psychiatric clinic in Wildomar providing in-person and online mental health consultation, mental health counseling, psychiatric medication management, and therapy for adults, teenagers, and children struggling with depression, ADHD, anxiety, addiction, and more. While based in Wildomar, MindWell also offers virtual and face-to-face mental health consultations in Murrieta, Temecula, Riverside County, and throughout California.
(619) 514-1763 View (619) 514-1763
Photo of Dr. Prudhvi Bandi, Psychiatrist, MD
Dr. Prudhvi Bandi
Psychiatrist, MD
Online Only
He combines medication management with evidence-based therapies like CBT and DBT to provide compassionate, patient-centered treatment that promotes healing, resilience, and long-term emotional well-being.
As a provider at Bonmente, Dr. Bandi treats a range of mental health issues, including anxiety, depression, OCD, ADHD, sleep disorders, PTSD, postpartum depression, bipolar disorder, panic attacks, and personality disorders. Through convenient telepsychiatry appointments, he offers evaluation and diagnosis, medication management, and talk therapy.
He combines medication management with evidence-based therapies like CBT and DBT to provide compassionate, patient-centered treatment that promotes healing, resilience, and long-term emotional well-being.
As a provider at Bonmente, Dr. Bandi treats a range of mental health issues, including anxiety, depression, OCD, ADHD, sleep disorders, PTSD, postpartum depression, bipolar disorder, panic attacks, and personality disorders. Through convenient telepsychiatry appointments, he offers evaluation and diagnosis, medication management, and talk therapy.
(818) 862-5915 View (818) 862-5915
Photo of Dr. Jacob Feldman, Psychiatrist, MD
Dr. Jacob Feldman
Psychiatrist, MD
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Dr. Feldman is a dedicated psychiatrist specializing in child, adolescent, and adult psychiatry, with a focus on providing evidence-based, holistic mental healthcare. He brings a wealth of experience in treating a wide range of mental health conditions in both youth and adults, including depressive and anxiety disorders, ADHD, trauma-related disorders, sleeping and eating disorders, and developmental disabilities such as autism spectrum disorder. Dr. Feldman earned his medical degree from New York Medical College and completed his General Psychiatry Residency at Mount Sinai Morningside and West in New York City.
Dr. Feldman is a dedicated psychiatrist specializing in child, adolescent, and adult psychiatry, with a focus on providing evidence-based, holistic mental healthcare. He brings a wealth of experience in treating a wide range of mental health conditions in both youth and adults, including depressive and anxiety disorders, ADHD, trauma-related disorders, sleeping and eating disorders, and developmental disabilities such as autism spectrum disorder. Dr. Feldman earned his medical degree from New York Medical College and completed his General Psychiatry Residency at Mount Sinai Morningside and West in New York City.
(626) 269-6563 View (626) 269-6563
Photo of Dr. Adel Mostafavi, Psychiatrist, MD
Dr. Adel Mostafavi
Psychiatrist, MD
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Do you Over-Think things? Over-Experience your emotions? Do you struggle to focus or complete tasks? Difficulty sleeping? Putting off your mental health is no longer an option! With over 75 clinical experts, WellPsyche and MediPsych providers provide Empathetic Psychotherapy and Personalized Medication Management services for Children, Adolescents, and Adults. 100% of our visits are conducted via Zoom, and we are available mornings, afternoons, and evenings. Meet with your psychiatrist from the privacy and convenience of home or work. We are simplifying the mental health experience so you can become the best version of you!
Do you Over-Think things? Over-Experience your emotions? Do you struggle to focus or complete tasks? Difficulty sleeping? Putting off your mental health is no longer an option! With over 75 clinical experts, WellPsyche and MediPsych providers provide Empathetic Psychotherapy and Personalized Medication Management services for Children, Adolescents, and Adults. 100% of our visits are conducted via Zoom, and we are available mornings, afternoons, and evenings. Meet with your psychiatrist from the privacy and convenience of home or work. We are simplifying the mental health experience so you can become the best version of you!
(424) 361-1839 View (424) 361-1839
Photo of Dr. Randall Bailey, Psychiatrist, MD
Dr. Randall Bailey
Psychiatrist, MD
Serves Area
Do you Over-Think things? Over-Experience your emotions? Do you struggle to focus or complete tasks? Difficulty sleeping? Putting off your mental health is no longer an option! With over 75 clinical experts, WellPsyche and MediPsych providers provide Empathetic Psychotherapy and Personalized Medication Management services for Children, Adolescents, and Adults. 100% of our visits are conducted via Zoom, and we are available mornings, afternoons, and evenings. Meet with your psychiatrist from the privacy and convenience of home or work. We are simplifying the mental health experience so you can become the best version of you!
Do you Over-Think things? Over-Experience your emotions? Do you struggle to focus or complete tasks? Difficulty sleeping? Putting off your mental health is no longer an option! With over 75 clinical experts, WellPsyche and MediPsych providers provide Empathetic Psychotherapy and Personalized Medication Management services for Children, Adolescents, and Adults. 100% of our visits are conducted via Zoom, and we are available mornings, afternoons, and evenings. Meet with your psychiatrist from the privacy and convenience of home or work. We are simplifying the mental health experience so you can become the best version of you!
(424) 396-0264 View (424) 396-0264

More Psychiatrists Nearby

Photo of Rose Sivilli - Dr. Rose Sivilli | Wildflower Psychiatry, Psychiatrist, MD
Dr. Rose Sivilli | Wildflower Psychiatry
Psychiatrist, MD
Online Only
I prioritize approaching each person with humanity and respect, creating a space where they are encouraged to be their authentic self. My goal is to provide you with thorough, personalized, collaborative, evidence-based psychiatric care that helps you thrive in your life. This typically begins with a comprehensive evaluation, medical workup, narrowing of diagnoses and discussion of treatment goals that might be best suited to you. I believe in taking a whole-person approach, looking at ways to optimize your lifestyle through nutrition, exercise and mindfulness.
I prioritize approaching each person with humanity and respect, creating a space where they are encouraged to be their authentic self. My goal is to provide you with thorough, personalized, collaborative, evidence-based psychiatric care that helps you thrive in your life. This typically begins with a comprehensive evaluation, medical workup, narrowing of diagnoses and discussion of treatment goals that might be best suited to you. I believe in taking a whole-person approach, looking at ways to optimize your lifestyle through nutrition, exercise and mindfulness.
Photo of Lorraine Halder, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP, BC, MSN
Lorraine Halder
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP, BC, MSN
Buena Park, CA 90621
Have you ever felt like you’re doing everything you can, but it’s still not enough? Or wondered why life seems so much easier for everyone else? Whether you’re struggling with ADHD, anxiety, depression, or feeling overwhelmed by life’s challenges, know that you’re not alone. You deserve a provider who truly listens, takes the time to understand your story, and partners with you to help you become the healthiest, most confident version of yourself. I have over 10 years of experience in mental health. My goal is to provide a warm, supportive, & judgment-free space where you feel heard, understood, & comfortable being yourself.
Have you ever felt like you’re doing everything you can, but it’s still not enough? Or wondered why life seems so much easier for everyone else? Whether you’re struggling with ADHD, anxiety, depression, or feeling overwhelmed by life’s challenges, know that you’re not alone. You deserve a provider who truly listens, takes the time to understand your story, and partners with you to help you become the healthiest, most confident version of yourself. I have over 10 years of experience in mental health. My goal is to provide a warm, supportive, & judgment-free space where you feel heard, understood, & comfortable being yourself.
(657) 332-0351 View (657) 332-0351
Photo of Sarah Wenger, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP
Sarah Wenger
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP
Serves Area
Struggling with ADHD, anxiety, depression, or mood disorders? I am a board-certified psychiatric NP specializing in personalized treatment that goes beyond medication to truly address root causes. Rushed visits often miss the full picture. I've personally helped many thousands of patients successfully find lasting relief when past care left them with prescriptions but no real answers. Want to fully overcome your symptoms that are holding you back from a better life? ⇒ Appointments typically available within 4 days.
Struggling with ADHD, anxiety, depression, or mood disorders? I am a board-certified psychiatric NP specializing in personalized treatment that goes beyond medication to truly address root causes. Rushed visits often miss the full picture. I've personally helped many thousands of patients successfully find lasting relief when past care left them with prescriptions but no real answers. Want to fully overcome your symptoms that are holding you back from a better life? ⇒ Appointments typically available within 4 days.
(559) 702-0658 View (559) 702-0658
Photo of Cyrine Phan-Madrona, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP
Cyrine Phan-Madrona
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP
1 Endorsed
Anaheim, CA 92801
Whether you’re a parent concerned about your child’s emotions or behavior, a teen feeling overwhelmed, or an adult navigating anxiety, mood changes, or ADHD, you’re seeking care that feels safe, personal, and effective. You want to feel truly heard and supported by someone who understands your unique needs. I work with children, adolescents, and adults to build emotional resilience, foster growth, and promote lasting wellness.
Whether you’re a parent concerned about your child’s emotions or behavior, a teen feeling overwhelmed, or an adult navigating anxiety, mood changes, or ADHD, you’re seeking care that feels safe, personal, and effective. You want to feel truly heard and supported by someone who understands your unique needs. I work with children, adolescents, and adults to build emotional resilience, foster growth, and promote lasting wellness.
(714) 823-3126 View (714) 823-3126
Photo of Rachel Jumonville, Physician Assistant, PA-C
Rachel Jumonville
Physician Assistant, PA-C
Online Only
Rachel uses CBT along with other evidence-based approaches, selecting methods that best align with client goals, symptoms, and comfort level.
Welcoming New Patients! Rachel is a board certified physician assistant at Bonmente, a full-service mental health clinic that offers online appointments, accepts insurance (Aetna, Anthem, Blue Cross, Cigna, United, and more), and has same-week appointments available. She is known for demonstrating genuine care for her clients and going above and beyond to support them in meeting mental health goals in whatever way suits them best. Rachel provides thorough evaluations, accurate diagnoses, and evidence-based treatment plans that integrate supportive therapy. Her warmth and collaborative approach help clients feel heard and empowered.
Rachel uses CBT along with other evidence-based approaches, selecting methods that best align with client goals, symptoms, and comfort level.
Welcoming New Patients! Rachel is a board certified physician assistant at Bonmente, a full-service mental health clinic that offers online appointments, accepts insurance (Aetna, Anthem, Blue Cross, Cigna, United, and more), and has same-week appointments available. She is known for demonstrating genuine care for her clients and going above and beyond to support them in meeting mental health goals in whatever way suits them best. Rachel provides thorough evaluations, accurate diagnoses, and evidence-based treatment plans that integrate supportive therapy. Her warmth and collaborative approach help clients feel heard and empowered.
(747) 285-3393 View (747) 285-3393
Photo of Vanessa Roman, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, MSN, PMHNP, BC
Vanessa Roman
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, MSN, PMHNP, BC
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Even when everything looks “fine,” life can feel challenging. If you’re overwhelmed, stuck, burned out, or just not quite yourself lately, you’re not alone—and the right support can help you find balance. Born and raised in Los Angeles, I understand how culture, family, and personal experiences shape our views on mental health and healing. As a bilingual (English/Spanish) Board-Certified Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, I take a compassionate, practical, and collaborative approach. Our sessions will be conversational and focused on what’s happening now, helping you find manageable and meaningful ways forward.
Even when everything looks “fine,” life can feel challenging. If you’re overwhelmed, stuck, burned out, or just not quite yourself lately, you’re not alone—and the right support can help you find balance. Born and raised in Los Angeles, I understand how culture, family, and personal experiences shape our views on mental health and healing. As a bilingual (English/Spanish) Board-Certified Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, I take a compassionate, practical, and collaborative approach. Our sessions will be conversational and focused on what’s happening now, helping you find manageable and meaningful ways forward.
(657) 695-0893 View (657) 695-0893
Photo of Nickolas Falangas, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP, MSN, BSN
Nickolas Falangas
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP, MSN, BSN
3 Endorsed
Online Only
I practice a slow, thoughtful model that blends psychopharmacology with talk therapy, drawing from CBT, psychodynamic work, and holistic methods.
Struggling with anxiety, depression, or trauma? I offer therapy + medication management so you can feel relief quickly — not months from now. Evening & weekend appointments available, openings within 7 days. My path into mental health care was shaped by personal experience and a decade spent documenting humanity as an international photojournalist. From working in crisis units to helping clients heal from trauma, I approach psychiatry as both a science and art.
I practice a slow, thoughtful model that blends psychopharmacology with talk therapy, drawing from CBT, psychodynamic work, and holistic methods.
Struggling with anxiety, depression, or trauma? I offer therapy + medication management so you can feel relief quickly — not months from now. Evening & weekend appointments available, openings within 7 days. My path into mental health care was shaped by personal experience and a decade spent documenting humanity as an international photojournalist. From working in crisis units to helping clients heal from trauma, I approach psychiatry as both a science and art.
(317) 961-3336 View (317) 961-3336
Photo of Elio Pedroso Conroy, Psychiatrist, MD
Elio Pedroso Conroy
Psychiatrist, MD
1 Endorsed
Beverly Hills, CA 90212
I am a board-certified psychiatrist. I worked as primary care physician in Brazil for few years before moving to USA. I completed 4 years of Psychiatry residency training at Saint Elizabeth Hospital in Washington DC. Treating patients with severe mental illness during my formal training gave me vast experience in medication management.
I am a board-certified psychiatrist. I worked as primary care physician in Brazil for few years before moving to USA. I completed 4 years of Psychiatry residency training at Saint Elizabeth Hospital in Washington DC. Treating patients with severe mental illness during my formal training gave me vast experience in medication management.
(310) 879-5729 View (310) 879-5729
Photo of Jordan Blaine Udeshi, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP
Jordan Blaine Udeshi
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP
Online Only
Welcoming New Patients! Jordan is a board-certified psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner at Bonmente, a full-service mental health clinic that offers online appointments, accepts insurance (Aetna, Anthem, Blue Cross, Cigna, United, and more), and has same-week appointments available. She believes in a collaborative, low-pressure approach that integrates psychoeducation, coaching, medication management, and supportive therapy. She appreciates the unique strengths of individuals and works with clients to leverage those strengths in new productive ways.
Welcoming New Patients! Jordan is a board-certified psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner at Bonmente, a full-service mental health clinic that offers online appointments, accepts insurance (Aetna, Anthem, Blue Cross, Cigna, United, and more), and has same-week appointments available. She believes in a collaborative, low-pressure approach that integrates psychoeducation, coaching, medication management, and supportive therapy. She appreciates the unique strengths of individuals and works with clients to leverage those strengths in new productive ways.
(747) 252-5393 View (747) 252-5393
Photo of Emmad Karmouta, Psychiatrist, MD
Emmad Karmouta
Psychiatrist, MD
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
I work with motivated adults facing the full range of psychiatric disorders including addiction, bipolar disorder, psychosis, anxiety, depression, trauma, or ADHD who want deeper understanding, precise assessment, and a culturally sensitive approach to long-term healing.
I work with motivated adults facing the full range of psychiatric disorders including addiction, bipolar disorder, psychosis, anxiety, depression, trauma, or ADHD who want deeper understanding, precise assessment, and a culturally sensitive approach to long-term healing.
(805) 608-4533 View (805) 608-4533
Photo of Yekeen Adagbada, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, DNP, PMHNP, FNP
Yekeen Adagbada
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, DNP, PMHNP, FNP
Online Only
I often use Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in my practice.
I am a doctorally prepared, dual board-certified Family Nurse Practitioner (FNP-C) and Psychiatric-Mental Health Nurse Practitioner (PMHNP-BC) with more than 15 years of nursing experience, including 6 years in advanced practice and clinical leadership. I hold a Master of Science in Nursing (FNP) from Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, a distinguished HBCU, and a Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) with PMHNP certification from the University of Massachusetts.
I often use Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in my practice.
I am a doctorally prepared, dual board-certified Family Nurse Practitioner (FNP-C) and Psychiatric-Mental Health Nurse Practitioner (PMHNP-BC) with more than 15 years of nursing experience, including 6 years in advanced practice and clinical leadership. I hold a Master of Science in Nursing (FNP) from Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, a distinguished HBCU, and a Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) with PMHNP certification from the University of Massachusetts.
(818) 452-1876 View (818) 452-1876
Photo of Joy Dane Jones, Psychiatrist, MD, MPH, MBA
Joy Dane Jones
Psychiatrist, MD, MPH, MBA
Long Beach, CA 90807
We are located in Long Beach, CA and specialize in community psychiatry. I am both a family medicine physician and psychiatrist with board certifications in functional medicine and lifestyle medicine. My goal as a provider is to help my patients become "healthy, happy and whole". We use conventional medicine when necessary, but also employ TMS and some alternative modalities to treat our patients. We look forward to working together with you to help you become your best.
We are located in Long Beach, CA and specialize in community psychiatry. I am both a family medicine physician and psychiatrist with board certifications in functional medicine and lifestyle medicine. My goal as a provider is to help my patients become "healthy, happy and whole". We use conventional medicine when necessary, but also employ TMS and some alternative modalities to treat our patients. We look forward to working together with you to help you become your best.
(562) 554-6596 View (562) 554-6596
Photo of Chinenye Deborah Udoh, Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP
Chinenye Deborah Udoh
Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner, PMHNP
Online Only
I am a double board-certified psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner passionate about helping adolescents and adults navigate anxiety, depression, stress, trauma, and life transitions. I provide compassionate, evidence-based care in a supportive and nonjudgmental environment where clients feel heard, empowered, and supported in their journey toward emotional wellness and personal growth. Mental health is both a clinical and a passion. During your first session, you can expect a supportive, safe, and judgment-free environment where we will discuss your concerns, symptoms, personal history, and treatment goals.
I am a double board-certified psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner passionate about helping adolescents and adults navigate anxiety, depression, stress, trauma, and life transitions. I provide compassionate, evidence-based care in a supportive and nonjudgmental environment where clients feel heard, empowered, and supported in their journey toward emotional wellness and personal growth. Mental health is both a clinical and a passion. During your first session, you can expect a supportive, safe, and judgment-free environment where we will discuss your concerns, symptoms, personal history, and treatment goals.
(562) 573-9376 View (562) 573-9376
Photo of Howard K Gershenfeld, Psychiatrist, MD, PhD
Howard K Gershenfeld
Psychiatrist, MD, PhD
Online Only
Cognitive Behavior Therapy and / or medication has the best evidence of "working" for these issues, yet interventions are customized & crafted for your unique context and preferences as well as your life story.
If you are feeling overwhelmed, stuck, or worn down by the weight of anxiety and/or depression, you don’t have to carry it alone. With over 25 yrs. of experience, I specialize in person-centered, evidence-based therapies designed to help you regain your footing. Whether through tailored talk therapy, medication management, or a blend of both, my goal is to help you move past just getting by and into a life where you feel completely well. Investing in your mental health is often the most profound choice you can make. Let’s start with a consultation to see how we can make the most of your strengths and improve your quality of life.
Cognitive Behavior Therapy and / or medication has the best evidence of "working" for these issues, yet interventions are customized & crafted for your unique context and preferences as well as your life story.
If you are feeling overwhelmed, stuck, or worn down by the weight of anxiety and/or depression, you don’t have to carry it alone. With over 25 yrs. of experience, I specialize in person-centered, evidence-based therapies designed to help you regain your footing. Whether through tailored talk therapy, medication management, or a blend of both, my goal is to help you move past just getting by and into a life where you feel completely well. Investing in your mental health is often the most profound choice you can make. Let’s start with a consultation to see how we can make the most of your strengths and improve your quality of life.
(805) 243-1449 View (805) 243-1449

See more therapy options for La Canada

FAQ - Cognitive Behavioral (CBT) Psychiatrists
Do psychiatrists provide cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)?
Yes, many psychiatrists provide CBT as a therapeutic approach in sessions with clients. CBT is an evidence-based form of therapy that focuses on identifying and changing unhelpful thought patterns and behaviors that contribute to mental health challenges. Psychiatrists who provide CBT can be particularly valuable when your condition may benefit from both therapy *and* medication, such as depression, anxiety, OCD, ADHD or PTSD. However, some psychiatrists choose to focus primarily on medication management rather than ongoing therapy. When evaluating potential psychiatrists, it can be helpful to confirm that they actively incorporate CBT techniques into their practice (rather than focusing solely on prescribing medication)

What is the difference between CBT with a psychiatrist versus a therapist?
The primary difference between CBT with a psychiatrist versus a therapist is that a psychiatrist can integrate medication management with CBT treatment, while non-psychiatrist therapists (such as psychologists, counselors, or social workers) provide CBT without the ability to prescribe medications. In a CBT session with a psychiatrist, you will work on the same core techniques as you would with any CBT provider, such as identifying cognitive distortions or challenging negative thought patterns. However, a psychiatrist can also monitor how medication affects your symptoms. This integrated approach can be especially helpful for conditions like major depression or bipolar disorder, where medication often works together with therapy to produce better outcomes than either treatment alone.

Should I see a psychiatrist or therapist for CBT?
The choice to see a psychiatrist or therapist depends on the severity of your symptoms and whether medication might be part of your treatment plan. A psychiatrist who provides CBT is appropriate when you have more severe mental health symptoms that may require medication. A non-psychiatrist therapist may be appropriate when your symptoms are mild to moderate, you prefer to try therapy without medication first, or you are already stable on medication prescribed by another provider. It is worth noting that psychiatrists typically charge higher rates than other therapists due to their medical training, and psychiatry sessions are not always covered by insurance. Therefore, some people start with a therapist for CBT and later add a psychiatrist to their treatment team if medication becomes necessary.