Therapists in Cincinnati, OH

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Photo of Paige One, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Cincinnati, OH
Paige One
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MEd, MSW, LISW-S
Verified Verified
Cincinnati, OH 45206
Not accepting new clients
Melnea Paige is the lead health care provider and educator for PAIGE ONE. Melnea graduated from the University of Cincinnati with her Master’s degree in Social Work specializing in mental health. She also earned her Master’s degree in Education and Bachelor’s Degree in Psychology. Melnea holds her Licensed Independent Social Worker with Supervision Designation (LISW-S) in the State of Ohio and is an active member of the National Association of Social Workers.
Melnea Paige is the lead health care provider and educator for PAIGE ONE. Melnea graduated from the University of Cincinnati with her Master’s degree in Social Work specializing in mental health. She also earned her Master’s degree in Education and Bachelor’s Degree in Psychology. Melnea holds her Licensed Independent Social Worker with Supervision Designation (LISW-S) in the State of Ohio and is an active member of the National Association of Social Workers.
(859) 279-4619 View (859) 279-4619
Neil Trask, MSSW
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSSW, LISW, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Cincinnati, OH 45230
I have specialized in helping individuals, couples, and families with life's problems for over 30 years. Along the way I have completed extensive training programs, worked in psychiatric and addiction settings, and learned from many wise and experienced senior professionals. My knowledge and experience are combined with a respectful, down-to-earth approach where clients may feel safe and supported. Help is given to better understand problems as well as concrete recommendations are offered regarding how to better manage and overcome them. Tools are offered and taught. My approach both guides and collaborates with the client towards making healthier choices and implementing them.
I have specialized in helping individuals, couples, and families with life's problems for over 30 years. Along the way I have completed extensive training programs, worked in psychiatric and addiction settings, and learned from many wise and experienced senior professionals. My knowledge and experience are combined with a respectful, down-to-earth approach where clients may feel safe and supported. Help is given to better understand problems as well as concrete recommendations are offered regarding how to better manage and overcome them. Tools are offered and taught. My approach both guides and collaborates with the client towards making healthier choices and implementing them.
(513) 449-2297 View (513) 449-2297
Photo of Joslyn Reedy-Kay, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Cincinnati, OH
Joslyn Reedy-Kay
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSSA, LISW-S
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Cincinnati, OH 45220
At Reedy-Kay and Associates we are a small but mighty group practice of 5 clinicians who specialize in supporting parents and parents-to-be so that they can be the best version of themselves. Parenting is such hard work! We are often unintentionally carrying our unaddressed trauma and behavioral patterns into parenting and need support to heal and have the positive impact we want to have on our kids. We are here to help you find confidence and healing! We will build on our lived experiences as mamas and extensive advanced professional training to help you grow into the parent you want to be.
At Reedy-Kay and Associates we are a small but mighty group practice of 5 clinicians who specialize in supporting parents and parents-to-be so that they can be the best version of themselves. Parenting is such hard work! We are often unintentionally carrying our unaddressed trauma and behavioral patterns into parenting and need support to heal and have the positive impact we want to have on our kids. We are here to help you find confidence and healing! We will build on our lived experiences as mamas and extensive advanced professional training to help you grow into the parent you want to be.
(513) 780-5651 View (513) 780-5651
Photo of Devida Crawford, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Cincinnati, OH
Devida Crawford
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW
Verified Verified
Cincinnati, OH 45202  (Online Only)
If you are always trying to be normal you will never know how amazing you can be" Maya Angelou Do you ever wish your parents understood you or knew where you were coming from? Do you wish your friends would get you and listen? Is it hard to be just yourself without the judgments of others? I help empower others to become the best versions of themselves. Together we can identify ways to manage and cope with just life.
If you are always trying to be normal you will never know how amazing you can be" Maya Angelou Do you ever wish your parents understood you or knew where you were coming from? Do you wish your friends would get you and listen? Is it hard to be just yourself without the judgments of others? I help empower others to become the best versions of themselves. Together we can identify ways to manage and cope with just life.
(513) 506-2075 View (513) 506-2075
Photo of Lauren Hogg, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Cincinnati, OH
Lauren Hogg
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW
Verified Verified
Cincinnati, OH 45202  (Online Only)
Welcome! I'm Lauren. Take a moment to acknowledge you've taken the first step towards bettering your mental health because, let's be honest - starting therapy can be empowering, confusing, or scary, all at the same time.
Welcome! I'm Lauren. Take a moment to acknowledge you've taken the first step towards bettering your mental health because, let's be honest - starting therapy can be empowering, confusing, or scary, all at the same time.
(513) 506-2562 View (513) 506-2562
Photo of Jackson Smith, Counselor in Cincinnati, OH
Jackson Smith
Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Cincinnati, OH 45241
Welcome to my practice! The cultural challenges we face in the modern day are unique, confusing, and painful, especially for young people. We all have the strength inside us to make positive change in our life, and I cherish the opportunity to reveal that to you. In therapy, I look to meet people in their dark places and sit alongside them in their struggles while also providing support and encouragement.
Welcome to my practice! The cultural challenges we face in the modern day are unique, confusing, and painful, especially for young people. We all have the strength inside us to make positive change in our life, and I cherish the opportunity to reveal that to you. In therapy, I look to meet people in their dark places and sit alongside them in their struggles while also providing support and encouragement.
(513) 447-4045 View (513) 447-4045
Photo of David Hunter, Marriage & Family Therapist in Cincinnati, OH
David Hunter
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, IMFT
Verified Verified
Cincinnati, OH 45202  (Online Only)
Men don’t like to talk about anxiety. It can make you feel out of control. Think of the times you want to do something meaningful for yourself but cannot because of the rush of overwhelm you feel. Something has to change. I help men who struggle with anxiety manage their thoughts and feelings so they can do what they want, instead of having their anxiety tell them what they can and cannot do.
Men don’t like to talk about anxiety. It can make you feel out of control. Think of the times you want to do something meaningful for yourself but cannot because of the rush of overwhelm you feel. Something has to change. I help men who struggle with anxiety manage their thoughts and feelings so they can do what they want, instead of having their anxiety tell them what they can and cannot do.
(513) 643-1731 View (513) 643-1731
Photo of Lauren Hughes, Art Therapist in Cincinnati, OH
Lauren Hughes
Art Therapist, LPCC, ATR-BC
Verified Verified
Cincinnati, OH 45236
Looking for help is an important and sometimes very difficult first step to take. Feeling heard and validated can take us from a dark place to a place filled with more light. As a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor (LPCC) and Board-Certified Art Therapist (ATR-BC), I enjoy helping people advocate for themselves, and gain a deeper understanding of their relationships and their path forward. I have over a decade of experience working with children, families, and couples and I specialize in helping people navigate life transitions, relationships, anxiety, depression, career changes, and low self-esteem.
Looking for help is an important and sometimes very difficult first step to take. Feeling heard and validated can take us from a dark place to a place filled with more light. As a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor (LPCC) and Board-Certified Art Therapist (ATR-BC), I enjoy helping people advocate for themselves, and gain a deeper understanding of their relationships and their path forward. I have over a decade of experience working with children, families, and couples and I specialize in helping people navigate life transitions, relationships, anxiety, depression, career changes, and low self-esteem.
(513) 895-9296 View (513) 895-9296
Photo of Marcia Kostoff, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in Cincinnati, OH
Marcia Kostoff
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MEd, LPCC, CRC
Verified Verified
Cincinnati, OH 45202  (Online Only)
Welcome! Do you notice feeling overwhelmed or just not like yourself? Are you working to overcome trauma or compassion fatigue? My name is Marcia Kostoff and I am excited for the opportunity to meet with you. Stress and anxiety, while normal parts of life, can quickly leave us feeling overwhelmed, our thoughts stuck on what-ifs or worst-case scenarios and unsure where to turn. Changes in jobs, moving, family stressors and loss are just some of the obstacles we face where we may notice our stress rise and need some support. You are in the right place. Together, I work with you to develop skills you can use in therapy and beyond.
Welcome! Do you notice feeling overwhelmed or just not like yourself? Are you working to overcome trauma or compassion fatigue? My name is Marcia Kostoff and I am excited for the opportunity to meet with you. Stress and anxiety, while normal parts of life, can quickly leave us feeling overwhelmed, our thoughts stuck on what-ifs or worst-case scenarios and unsure where to turn. Changes in jobs, moving, family stressors and loss are just some of the obstacles we face where we may notice our stress rise and need some support. You are in the right place. Together, I work with you to develop skills you can use in therapy and beyond.
(513) 643-1136 View (513) 643-1136
Photo of Stephanie Coffey, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Cincinnati, OH
Stephanie Coffey
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LISW
Verified Verified
Cincinnati, OH 45241  (Online Only)
Often people see therapy as a one-sided conversation with little opportunity to experience each other as real people. I can promise you that I am as real as it gets. I want to help you achieve whatever solutions you are looking for in a trusting and supportive environment. Starting therapy can be intimidating. It's my goal to make the process as comfortable as possible.
Often people see therapy as a one-sided conversation with little opportunity to experience each other as real people. I can promise you that I am as real as it gets. I want to help you achieve whatever solutions you are looking for in a trusting and supportive environment. Starting therapy can be intimidating. It's my goal to make the process as comfortable as possible.
(513) 848-4302 View (513) 848-4302
Photo of Heather Marie Curtis, Marriage & Family Therapist in Cincinnati, OH
Heather Marie Curtis
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Cincinnati, OH 45207
Heather Curtis is a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist in California who has been practicing since 2012. She attended University of California- Santa Cruz where she completed her B.A. in History of Art and Visual Culture. She then moved on to Notre Dame De Namur University in Belmont, CA for Marriage and Family Therapy and Art Therapy. Heather’s work is centered around utilizing art and creative expression to enhance the therapeutic relationship and exploration of mental health symptoms to help the client meet their goals.
Heather Curtis is a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist in California who has been practicing since 2012. She attended University of California- Santa Cruz where she completed her B.A. in History of Art and Visual Culture. She then moved on to Notre Dame De Namur University in Belmont, CA for Marriage and Family Therapy and Art Therapy. Heather’s work is centered around utilizing art and creative expression to enhance the therapeutic relationship and exploration of mental health symptoms to help the client meet their goals.
(513) 647-4529 View (513) 647-4529
Photo of LeeAnn Eakins, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Cincinnati, OH
LeeAnn Eakins
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW
Verified Verified
Cincinnati, OH 45230
Leeann eakins is a clinical social worker with over 17 years of experience. She earned her master's degree in social work from the university of cincinnati college of applied science, her bachelor's degree in psychology from the university of southern indiana and her bachelor's degree in music performance from murray state university. She has extensive experience working in inpatient, outpatient, residential, emergency psychiatry, community mental health and forensic settings. She has successfully developed behavioral health and substance use treatment programs and earned the samhsa science to service award.
Leeann eakins is a clinical social worker with over 17 years of experience. She earned her master's degree in social work from the university of cincinnati college of applied science, her bachelor's degree in psychology from the university of southern indiana and her bachelor's degree in music performance from murray state university. She has extensive experience working in inpatient, outpatient, residential, emergency psychiatry, community mental health and forensic settings. She has successfully developed behavioral health and substance use treatment programs and earned the samhsa science to service award.
(513) 951-1512 View (513) 951-1512
Photo of Danita Brewer, Licensed Professional Counselor in Cincinnati, OH
Danita Brewer
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Cincinnati, OH 45209
Are you finding difficulty in your relationships? Are you finding it hard to connect to your spouse, significant other, kids, others? Do you find yourself angry, frustrated, afraid or sad. I can help. You and I can explore to understand what’s creating the difficulties and then identify strategies to help you live a more fulfilling and rewarding life.
Are you finding difficulty in your relationships? Are you finding it hard to connect to your spouse, significant other, kids, others? Do you find yourself angry, frustrated, afraid or sad. I can help. You and I can explore to understand what’s creating the difficulties and then identify strategies to help you live a more fulfilling and rewarding life.
(513) 572-7974 View (513) 572-7974
Photo of Kelly Lane, Counselor in Cincinnati, OH
Kelly Lane
Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
Cincinnati, OH 45224
My best guess is you’re here checking out potential therapists because you’re feeling a bit stuck; you’re ready for something new, or maybe you’re just sick and tired of feeling sick and tired. There are infinite reasons why individuals might seek out counseling and therapy services.  However, there is often a thread of “feeling stuck” or a sense of discomfort as a response to a stressful situation. Perhaps you are going through a difficult time in your life or maybe you’ve noticed a pattern of behavior that you would like to explore further.  Whatever the reason, I’m here to help.
My best guess is you’re here checking out potential therapists because you’re feeling a bit stuck; you’re ready for something new, or maybe you’re just sick and tired of feeling sick and tired. There are infinite reasons why individuals might seek out counseling and therapy services.  However, there is often a thread of “feeling stuck” or a sense of discomfort as a response to a stressful situation. Perhaps you are going through a difficult time in your life or maybe you’ve noticed a pattern of behavior that you would like to explore further.  Whatever the reason, I’m here to help.
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Photo of Jennifer Day, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Cincinnati, OH
Jennifer Day
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSSW, LSW
Verified Verified
Cincinnati, OH 45255
Waitlist for new clients
Life is an adventure, and sometimes you need a guide to help you read the map. That’s where I come in. I believe healing and improved mental health are possible for all people. By both accepting and changing ourselves, we can change the world around us. I am excited to partner with you in this process. I recognize the mind-body connection and seek to incorporate mindfulness (and eventually movement) into my practice. I am trained in Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT) and several other therapeutic orientations including Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), and Motivational Interviewing (MI).
Life is an adventure, and sometimes you need a guide to help you read the map. That’s where I come in. I believe healing and improved mental health are possible for all people. By both accepting and changing ourselves, we can change the world around us. I am excited to partner with you in this process. I recognize the mind-body connection and seek to incorporate mindfulness (and eventually movement) into my practice. I am trained in Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT) and several other therapeutic orientations including Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), and Motivational Interviewing (MI).
(513) 647-1396 View (513) 647-1396
Photo of Terrance Tufts, Counselor in Cincinnati, OH
Terrance Tufts
Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
Cincinnati, OH 45208
I have served those with Anxiety, Depression, Bipolar, Schizophrenia, Family Issues, etc. My ideal client is motivated to roll up their sleeves and engage in the therapeutic process. They have an open mind and can practice effective coping skills to improve their overall functioning and quality of life. They can challenge themselves to be vulnerable and practice accountability while processing their problematic thinking patterns and behaviors in a safe and non-judgmental environment. They wish to engage in therapy because they realize that they need to make a change and are willing to take a leap of faith to make it happen.
I have served those with Anxiety, Depression, Bipolar, Schizophrenia, Family Issues, etc. My ideal client is motivated to roll up their sleeves and engage in the therapeutic process. They have an open mind and can practice effective coping skills to improve their overall functioning and quality of life. They can challenge themselves to be vulnerable and practice accountability while processing their problematic thinking patterns and behaviors in a safe and non-judgmental environment. They wish to engage in therapy because they realize that they need to make a change and are willing to take a leap of faith to make it happen.
(513) 689-4197 View (513) 689-4197
Photo of Lucas Aschemeier-Brunner, Licensed Professional Counselor in Cincinnati, OH
Lucas Aschemeier-Brunner
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Cincinnati, OH 45255
Taking care of our emotional well-being is one of the most important things we can do for ourselves, especially when we experience the highs and lows in life. With a little bit of support, I am a firm believer that everyone can navigate through these highs and lows, but sometimes we need a helping hand to do so. I look forward to being that helping hand in getting you to your highest potential and to navigate the new stages or events of life.
Taking care of our emotional well-being is one of the most important things we can do for ourselves, especially when we experience the highs and lows in life. With a little bit of support, I am a firm believer that everyone can navigate through these highs and lows, but sometimes we need a helping hand to do so. I look forward to being that helping hand in getting you to your highest potential and to navigate the new stages or events of life.
(513) 995-6275 View (513) 995-6275
Photo of Keena Naylor, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in Cincinnati, OH
Keena Naylor
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor
Verified Verified
Cincinnati, OH 45239  (Online Only)
You made it here, which means you're ready to take the counseling journey. I enjoy working with clients who have experienced trauma, depression, anxiety, difficulty managing relationships and self-esteem. During this process, we will work on identifying your needs and utilizing your strengths for restoration. The goal is that counseling will give you the support and interventions to develop the skill sets necessary to manage or decrease your symptoms.
You made it here, which means you're ready to take the counseling journey. I enjoy working with clients who have experienced trauma, depression, anxiety, difficulty managing relationships and self-esteem. During this process, we will work on identifying your needs and utilizing your strengths for restoration. The goal is that counseling will give you the support and interventions to develop the skill sets necessary to manage or decrease your symptoms.
(513) 796-7082 View (513) 796-7082
Photo of Edith Patagundi, Licensed Professional Counselor in Cincinnati, OH
Edith Patagundi
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, ATR-BC, LPC
Verified Verified
Cincinnati, OH 45202
Not accepting new clients
Are you feeling stuck? Stuck in emotional, mental, and/or physical pain that you can't seem to shake? Life brings each individual their own set of unique personal challenges that can have an impact on many aspects of life and experiencing a new perspective and new ways of healing can be helpful. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor and National Board Certified Art Therapist. I am passionate about helping individuals find their connection between mind, body, and soul for the purpose of learning to be more present and function more successfully in every day life and especially when life seems to be too difficult to manage.
Are you feeling stuck? Stuck in emotional, mental, and/or physical pain that you can't seem to shake? Life brings each individual their own set of unique personal challenges that can have an impact on many aspects of life and experiencing a new perspective and new ways of healing can be helpful. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor and National Board Certified Art Therapist. I am passionate about helping individuals find their connection between mind, body, and soul for the purpose of learning to be more present and function more successfully in every day life and especially when life seems to be too difficult to manage.
(419) 374-9692 View (419) 374-9692
Photo of Erin Fitzpatrick, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in Cincinnati, OH
Erin Fitzpatrick
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Cincinnati, OH 45208
Waitlist for new clients
Something in your life isn’t working right now. Maybe it’s a close relationship where you don’t feel seen or understood. Maybe something happened that you can’t get out of your head, and every time your mind wanders back to it, you feel a tightening in your chest. Maybe you’re doing something that you know is holding you back, but you just can’t seem to stop. Whatever it is, something in your life is keeping you from feeling at peace and excited to wake up in the morning. Take a moment and think about what your day would look like if you felt seen in your relationships and free from trauma and addiction. Let's make that reality.
Something in your life isn’t working right now. Maybe it’s a close relationship where you don’t feel seen or understood. Maybe something happened that you can’t get out of your head, and every time your mind wanders back to it, you feel a tightening in your chest. Maybe you’re doing something that you know is holding you back, but you just can’t seem to stop. Whatever it is, something in your life is keeping you from feeling at peace and excited to wake up in the morning. Take a moment and think about what your day would look like if you felt seen in your relationships and free from trauma and addiction. Let's make that reality.
(513) 655-7166 View (513) 655-7166

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Cincinnati, OH

1,000+

Average cost per session

$125

Therapists in Cincinnati, OH who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
87% Depression
72% Self Esteem
71% Trauma and PTSD
69% Relationship Issues
66% Coping Skills
62% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

77% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
74% Aetna
64% Optum

How Therapists in Cincinnati, OH see their clients

66% In Person and Online
34% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
20% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Cincinnati?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.