Therapists in Arlington, MA

Photo of Emily Randall, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Arlington, MA
Emily Randall
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Arlington, MA 02474
Not accepting new clients
I understand from experience that this is an important and maybe difficult step you're taking. People tell me I am easy to talk to. I listen carefully and non-judgmentally, and very little surprises me. With my experience I am quickly able to help you start work that feels effective and hopeful. I can help you feel less ashamed or weird or worried or alone. The things we judge ourselves for doing or thinking are simply strategies we have come up with over time to manage our pain, and perhaps you'd like let some of those go. I like to help people feel comfortable being just who they are, and gain satisfaction, peace and acceptance.
I understand from experience that this is an important and maybe difficult step you're taking. People tell me I am easy to talk to. I listen carefully and non-judgmentally, and very little surprises me. With my experience I am quickly able to help you start work that feels effective and hopeful. I can help you feel less ashamed or weird or worried or alone. The things we judge ourselves for doing or thinking are simply strategies we have come up with over time to manage our pain, and perhaps you'd like let some of those go. I like to help people feel comfortable being just who they are, and gain satisfaction, peace and acceptance.
(857) 763-3986 View (857) 763-3986
Photo of Danielle Green, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Arlington, MA
Danielle Green
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Arlington, MA 02476
I help couples develop skills to restore trust, communicate and express feelings effectively, understand and resolve differences, and enhance intimacy. It is my passion to help couples repair their connections and create secure and lasting bonds with those who matter the most. I also offer supervision to advanced practitioners interested in learning more about working with couples. I am a Principal Staff member of NECCF and Psych Garden. I received my MSW from Columbia University in 1993 and went on to complete 5 years of specialist training in couples and family therapy at the Ackerman Institute for the Family, in New York City.
I help couples develop skills to restore trust, communicate and express feelings effectively, understand and resolve differences, and enhance intimacy. It is my passion to help couples repair their connections and create secure and lasting bonds with those who matter the most. I also offer supervision to advanced practitioners interested in learning more about working with couples. I am a Principal Staff member of NECCF and Psych Garden. I received my MSW from Columbia University in 1993 and went on to complete 5 years of specialist training in couples and family therapy at the Ackerman Institute for the Family, in New York City.
(617) 360-8833 View (617) 360-8833
Photo of Danielle A Haynes, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Arlington, MA
Danielle A Haynes
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, LCSW, MSW
Verified Verified
Arlington, MA 02476  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Whether working with a family, individual, and/or couples, I believe in a relational process in which finding a therapist that is a "good fit" as the groundwork for a supportive, transformative process. I believe that every individual has the ability to examine their life's journey and own their story; all while strengthening self compassion and working to navigate who and how to be in relationships. This along with growing to know, understand and accept oneself. Stepping into the therapeutic process is the first movement towards self discovery and growth.
Whether working with a family, individual, and/or couples, I believe in a relational process in which finding a therapist that is a "good fit" as the groundwork for a supportive, transformative process. I believe that every individual has the ability to examine their life's journey and own their story; all while strengthening self compassion and working to navigate who and how to be in relationships. This along with growing to know, understand and accept oneself. Stepping into the therapeutic process is the first movement towards self discovery and growth.
(339) 201-9785 View (339) 201-9785
Photo of Valerie Barrett, Counselor in Arlington, MA
Valerie Barrett
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Arlington, MA 02474  (Online Only)
Current Telehealth Openings! I am a licensed mental health therapist with over 20 years of experience helping people manage anxiety, depression, stress, and life transitions. We work together to respond to life's stressors in ways that utilize your strengths and problem solving skills. I help support self-awareness and insight with a focus on responding to our thoughts and emotions in ways that lead to more fulfillment in your life. I also support adults in parenting roles and with life transitions.
Current Telehealth Openings! I am a licensed mental health therapist with over 20 years of experience helping people manage anxiety, depression, stress, and life transitions. We work together to respond to life's stressors in ways that utilize your strengths and problem solving skills. I help support self-awareness and insight with a focus on responding to our thoughts and emotions in ways that lead to more fulfillment in your life. I also support adults in parenting roles and with life transitions.
(339) 345-3120 View (339) 345-3120
Photo of Swati Dehariya, Pre-Licensed Professional in Arlington, MA
Swati Dehariya
Pre-Licensed Professional, EdM
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Arlington, MA 02476  (Online Only)
You know deep down that something's not quite right. The world feels fragmented, as if you're viewing life through a cracked lens. Trauma has a way of taking pieces of us, leaving behind a puzzle that just doesn't seem to fit anymore. You're often caught in your thoughts, navigating the day as though you're on autopilot, detached from the vibrancy of life around you. Yet, amidst this disconnection, there's a resilient part of you that refuses to let this be your defining story.
You know deep down that something's not quite right. The world feels fragmented, as if you're viewing life through a cracked lens. Trauma has a way of taking pieces of us, leaving behind a puzzle that just doesn't seem to fit anymore. You're often caught in your thoughts, navigating the day as though you're on autopilot, detached from the vibrancy of life around you. Yet, amidst this disconnection, there's a resilient part of you that refuses to let this be your defining story.
(339) 330-1064 View (339) 330-1064
Photo of Christine Carr, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Arlington, MA
Christine Carr
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, MEd
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Arlington, MA 02474
Waitlist for new clients
I work with individuals and groups to cope with anxiety, depression, relationship/school/work concerns, trauma, substance use and other obstacles. I believe in creating a safe space, developing a therapeutic partnership, identify strengths and practice the skills so that you will have the tools to thrive.
I work with individuals and groups to cope with anxiety, depression, relationship/school/work concerns, trauma, substance use and other obstacles. I believe in creating a safe space, developing a therapeutic partnership, identify strengths and practice the skills so that you will have the tools to thrive.
(508) 684-2996 View (508) 684-2996
Photo of John Monroe Cuetara, Psychologist in Arlington, MA
John Monroe Cuetara
Psychologist, EdD
Verified Verified
Arlington, MA 02476
I work well with people experiencing anxiety, stress and depression as well as issues around sexuality, relationships, physical disabilities and pain management. I also specialize in helping artists, writers and musicians with their unique challenges.
I work well with people experiencing anxiety, stress and depression as well as issues around sexuality, relationships, physical disabilities and pain management. I also specialize in helping artists, writers and musicians with their unique challenges.
(339) 330-3537 View (339) 330-3537
Photo of Zach Moses, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Arlington, MA
Zach Moses
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Arlington, MA 02476
Not accepting new clients
Zach works with adults suffering with both new and chronic conditions such as chronic pain, anxiety, OCD, depression, and insomnia. His focus is on using process based techniques based in applied behavioral contextual science research. His style is aimed at establishing strong therapeutic relationships quickly and deeply as these are the keys to treatment success and satisfaction.
Zach works with adults suffering with both new and chronic conditions such as chronic pain, anxiety, OCD, depression, and insomnia. His focus is on using process based techniques based in applied behavioral contextual science research. His style is aimed at establishing strong therapeutic relationships quickly and deeply as these are the keys to treatment success and satisfaction.
(617) 749-2379 View (617) 749-2379
Photo of Dr. Steve Marshall, Psychologist in Arlington, MA
Dr. Steve Marshall
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Arlington, MA 02474
I enjoy providing evidence-based psychotherapy for adults and youth with anxiety, OCD, depression, and ADHD, among other mental health conditions. I received my PhD in Clinical Psychology from Ohio University, and I completed my predoctoral internship and postdoctoral fellowships at McLean Hospital/Harvard Medical School. I also currently consult at The Pavilion at McLean Hospital and am a Lecturer in Psychology at Harvard Medical School.
I enjoy providing evidence-based psychotherapy for adults and youth with anxiety, OCD, depression, and ADHD, among other mental health conditions. I received my PhD in Clinical Psychology from Ohio University, and I completed my predoctoral internship and postdoctoral fellowships at McLean Hospital/Harvard Medical School. I also currently consult at The Pavilion at McLean Hospital and am a Lecturer in Psychology at Harvard Medical School.
(857) 763-1373 View (857) 763-1373
Photo of Judianne Brugger, Counselor in Arlington, MA
Judianne Brugger
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Arlington, MA 02474
I strive for a space where each individual feel seen, heard and cared for. I aim to bring a warm hearted, respectful and non-judgmental presence in order to create safety to explore thoughts and feelings.
I strive for a space where each individual feel seen, heard and cared for. I aim to bring a warm hearted, respectful and non-judgmental presence in order to create safety to explore thoughts and feelings.
(339) 500-7715 View (339) 500-7715
Photo of Dan Nudel, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Arlington, MA
Dan Nudel
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Arlington, MA 02474
The aim of my practice is to help reduce moments of suffering and discomfort while increasing moments of joy, connectedness and resilience. I focus on creating authentic, curious and challenging therapeutic relationships from which my clients and I explore and take on possible pathways to meaningful change. Shifting away from unhelpful patterns in our lives can be scary and overwhelming. I look forward to supporting you as you navigate the pain and joy that can come from the process of seeking positive change.
The aim of my practice is to help reduce moments of suffering and discomfort while increasing moments of joy, connectedness and resilience. I focus on creating authentic, curious and challenging therapeutic relationships from which my clients and I explore and take on possible pathways to meaningful change. Shifting away from unhelpful patterns in our lives can be scary and overwhelming. I look forward to supporting you as you navigate the pain and joy that can come from the process of seeking positive change.
(508) 538-3821 View (508) 538-3821
Photo of Dr Alex MacNeil, LLC, Psychologist in Arlington, MA
Dr Alex MacNeil, LLC
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Arlington, MA 02476
Not accepting new clients
Dr Alex MacNeil, LLC is a private practice based out of Arlington, MA that aims to help individuals and families foster healthy behaviors and relationships. Dr. MacNeil works with youth ages 7-18 as well as adults. He engages in both individual and family therapy, depending on the client’s needs. Dr. MacNeil focuses on helping clients facing stress and anxiety, mild depression and life-adjustment issues. His treatment aims to help clients foster positive behaviors relationships within families, schools, and workplaces. He conducts therapy either in-person or via telehealth.
Dr Alex MacNeil, LLC is a private practice based out of Arlington, MA that aims to help individuals and families foster healthy behaviors and relationships. Dr. MacNeil works with youth ages 7-18 as well as adults. He engages in both individual and family therapy, depending on the client’s needs. Dr. MacNeil focuses on helping clients facing stress and anxiety, mild depression and life-adjustment issues. His treatment aims to help clients foster positive behaviors relationships within families, schools, and workplaces. He conducts therapy either in-person or via telehealth.
(339) 217-6754 View (339) 217-6754
Photo of Dr. Pooja Saraff, Psychologist in Arlington, MA
Dr. Pooja Saraff
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Arlington, MA 02474
I am a psychologist with Cambridge Psychology Group with experience in treating adults and adolescents for a range of issues including adjustment to life stressors, relationship issues, other problems in daily living and more serious clinical problems such as disorders related to mood, anxiety, trauma, and personality. I have advanced training in evidence-based approaches including exposure and response prevention (ERP) for anxiety and OCD-related disorders, cognitive processing therapy (CPT) for trauma, and dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) for treating emotion dysregulation, and self-destructive and life-threatening behaviors.
I am a psychologist with Cambridge Psychology Group with experience in treating adults and adolescents for a range of issues including adjustment to life stressors, relationship issues, other problems in daily living and more serious clinical problems such as disorders related to mood, anxiety, trauma, and personality. I have advanced training in evidence-based approaches including exposure and response prevention (ERP) for anxiety and OCD-related disorders, cognitive processing therapy (CPT) for trauma, and dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) for treating emotion dysregulation, and self-destructive and life-threatening behaviors.
(617) 977-4940 View (617) 977-4940
Photo of Chuck Weinstein, Counselor in Arlington, MA
Chuck Weinstein
Counselor, LMHC, CPRP, CPS
Verified Verified
Arlington, MA 02474
Not accepting new clients
I am no longer accepting new clients at this time. With over 30 years of experience in the field of mental health and addictions counseling, I successfully assist individuals manage difficult issues and challenges in their lives. I effectively work with couples on communication and other skills to support re-opening their hearts to each other. I am respectful and collaborative. I tailor my approach to address your specific needs. You are the expert in your own experience. I will listen carefully and take a supportive and helpful role. I am above all a compassionate, thoughtful, educated and experienced professional.
I am no longer accepting new clients at this time. With over 30 years of experience in the field of mental health and addictions counseling, I successfully assist individuals manage difficult issues and challenges in their lives. I effectively work with couples on communication and other skills to support re-opening their hearts to each other. I am respectful and collaborative. I tailor my approach to address your specific needs. You are the expert in your own experience. I will listen carefully and take a supportive and helpful role. I am above all a compassionate, thoughtful, educated and experienced professional.
(339) 217-8830 View (339) 217-8830
Photo of Intensive CBT Program for Anxiety and OCD , Psychologist in Arlington, MA
Intensive CBT Program for Anxiety and OCD
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Arlington, MA 02474
Intensive CBT treatment is a highly specialized form of concentrated and accelerated therapy that directly targets your specific anxiety using concrete tools and strategies. It is a short-term, 2-week program in which you meet 1-on-1 with a team of qualified clinicians. Prior to starting the formal 2- week treatment program, you will complete a 2-hour assessment and 1-hour treatment planning session with your assigned senior clinician to determine your clinical diagnoses, create a personalized treatment plan, and ensure that this format of treatment is a good fit for your needs. This program is designed for older adolescents (16+) and adults with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), panic disorder, agoraphobia, specific phobia, and social anxiety disorder.
Intensive CBT treatment is a highly specialized form of concentrated and accelerated therapy that directly targets your specific anxiety using concrete tools and strategies. It is a short-term, 2-week program in which you meet 1-on-1 with a team of qualified clinicians. Prior to starting the formal 2- week treatment program, you will complete a 2-hour assessment and 1-hour treatment planning session with your assigned senior clinician to determine your clinical diagnoses, create a personalized treatment plan, and ensure that this format of treatment is a good fit for your needs. This program is designed for older adolescents (16+) and adults with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), panic disorder, agoraphobia, specific phobia, and social anxiety disorder.
(617) 841-3288 View (617) 841-3288
Photo of Betsy Magidson, Counselor in Arlington, MA
Betsy Magidson
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
Arlington, MA 02474
I REGRET I AM UNABLE TO TAKE NEW CLIENTS AT THIS TIME. Are you feeling stuck, confused about an overwhelming situation, wondering which way to turn? Therapy can help. As a counselor, I provide a collaborative, welcoming environment that promotes the health of your mind, heart, and soul. We will work together to understand and heal old injuries that may be holding you back Then focus on creating new and positive experiences.
I REGRET I AM UNABLE TO TAKE NEW CLIENTS AT THIS TIME. Are you feeling stuck, confused about an overwhelming situation, wondering which way to turn? Therapy can help. As a counselor, I provide a collaborative, welcoming environment that promotes the health of your mind, heart, and soul. We will work together to understand and heal old injuries that may be holding you back Then focus on creating new and positive experiences.
(781) 583-7459 View (781) 583-7459
Photo of Alice Moses, Counselor in Arlington, MA
Alice Moses
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Arlington, MA 02476
Do you feel anxious, stressed, overwhelmed? Are you wondering how you fit into this complicated world in which we live? Do you wish you felt happier and more fulfilled with yourself or your life? Welcome, I'm glad you've taken this first step toward feeling better. As a biracial therapist, I have a unique--and personal--perspective on multicultural issues. I understand what it feels like to straddle two worlds, to not belong or question where you fit in, and to feel misunderstood or invisible. I support my clients by offering a safe, nonjudgmental space to talk about your struggles and find relief from suffering. You are not alone!
Do you feel anxious, stressed, overwhelmed? Are you wondering how you fit into this complicated world in which we live? Do you wish you felt happier and more fulfilled with yourself or your life? Welcome, I'm glad you've taken this first step toward feeling better. As a biracial therapist, I have a unique--and personal--perspective on multicultural issues. I understand what it feels like to straddle two worlds, to not belong or question where you fit in, and to feel misunderstood or invisible. I support my clients by offering a safe, nonjudgmental space to talk about your struggles and find relief from suffering. You are not alone!
View
Photo of Alison Mamatey, Counselor in Arlington, MA
Alison Mamatey
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Arlington, MA 02476
Welcome! Do you currently struggle with any of the following: anxiety; indecisiveness; tough inner critic; difficulty saying no; feeling disconnected from others; low self-esteem; a nagging feeling you’re doing something wrong or there may be something wrong with you? The good news is, these are not inherent traits people are born with and you are not bound to eternally struggle with these things! This therapy will give you the opportunity to uncover the root causes of these struggles in order to make changes in the here-and-now. Please click on my website link for more information on the benefits of this therapy!
Welcome! Do you currently struggle with any of the following: anxiety; indecisiveness; tough inner critic; difficulty saying no; feeling disconnected from others; low self-esteem; a nagging feeling you’re doing something wrong or there may be something wrong with you? The good news is, these are not inherent traits people are born with and you are not bound to eternally struggle with these things! This therapy will give you the opportunity to uncover the root causes of these struggles in order to make changes in the here-and-now. Please click on my website link for more information on the benefits of this therapy!
(617) 925-1524 View (617) 925-1524
Photo of Shireen Idriss, Pre-Licensed Professional in Arlington, MA
Shireen Idriss
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
Arlington, MA 02476
I work with all ages with a specialization in children, adolescents and families. I support individuals and families as they navigate daily stressors, symptoms of anxiety and depression, as well as past trauma. I acknowledge the importance of a therapeutic alliance as a foundation for the healing journey. I offer a nonjudgmental, warm, caring, and empowering environment. Believing that each client is the expert of themselves, I will work collaboratively with you and/or your child to meet your needs and goals.
I work with all ages with a specialization in children, adolescents and families. I support individuals and families as they navigate daily stressors, symptoms of anxiety and depression, as well as past trauma. I acknowledge the importance of a therapeutic alliance as a foundation for the healing journey. I offer a nonjudgmental, warm, caring, and empowering environment. Believing that each client is the expert of themselves, I will work collaboratively with you and/or your child to meet your needs and goals.
(339) 329-7073 View (339) 329-7073
Photo of Grace Steele Scarlett, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Arlington, MA
Grace Steele Scarlett
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Arlington, MA 02474
Waitlist for new clients
Grace has experience as a Licensed Independent Clinical Social Worker for the past 8 years, working primarily with children and their families. She has a passion for helping children understand their emotions and develop realistic coping strategies to manage them. As a newer mom herself, Grace also has an interest in supporting women in the perinatal period. Grace specializes in helping individuals through their first pregnancy and the transition into motherhood. Grace has also been practicing and teaching yoga to adults and children for over 10 years and enjoys helping others connect with themselves through breath and movement.
Grace has experience as a Licensed Independent Clinical Social Worker for the past 8 years, working primarily with children and their families. She has a passion for helping children understand their emotions and develop realistic coping strategies to manage them. As a newer mom herself, Grace also has an interest in supporting women in the perinatal period. Grace specializes in helping individuals through their first pregnancy and the transition into motherhood. Grace has also been practicing and teaching yoga to adults and children for over 10 years and enjoys helping others connect with themselves through breath and movement.
(339) 330-2167 View (339) 330-2167

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Arlington, MA

400+

Average cost per session

$175

Therapists in Arlington, MA who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
87% Depression
79% Relationship Issues
76% Self Esteem
67% Coping Skills
66% Trauma and PTSD
64% Stress

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

83% BlueCross and BlueShield
51% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
50% Optum

How Therapists in Arlington, MA see their clients

68% In Person and Online
32% Online Only

Gender breakdown

83% Female
16% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Arlington?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.