Therapists in Chicago, IL

View neighborhoods in Chicago
Photo of Reginald C Richardson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Reginald C Richardson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, ACSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60654
Dr. Reginald Richardson brings an impressive 30 years of expertise to rekindling hope, mutual respect, and love within couples’ relationships. If you’re struggling with communication and intimacy issues, Dr. Richardson is your trusted guide to reignite the spark in your partnership. His deep understanding of the complexities that can strain relationships allows him to offer personalized solutions.
Dr. Reginald Richardson brings an impressive 30 years of expertise to rekindling hope, mutual respect, and love within couples’ relationships. If you’re struggling with communication and intimacy issues, Dr. Richardson is your trusted guide to reignite the spark in your partnership. His deep understanding of the complexities that can strain relationships allows him to offer personalized solutions.
(312) 445-2081 View (312) 445-2081
Photo of Demetria Agharese, Licensed Professional Counselor in Chicago, IL
Demetria Agharese
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60611
Hi there, I'm Demetria! My name is Demetria Agharese and I am a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) in the state of Illinois. I am passionate about counseling others through times of difficulties to find peace and resolutions. I work together in partnership with my clients to create counseling goals in alignment with the desired outcome the client is seeking. My expertise is working with adult clients who are looking to transform their lives for the better. I enjoy working with clients who are in need of healing, experience depression or anxiety.
Hi there, I'm Demetria! My name is Demetria Agharese and I am a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) in the state of Illinois. I am passionate about counseling others through times of difficulties to find peace and resolutions. I work together in partnership with my clients to create counseling goals in alignment with the desired outcome the client is seeking. My expertise is working with adult clients who are looking to transform their lives for the better. I enjoy working with clients who are in need of healing, experience depression or anxiety.
(517) 793-5097 View (517) 793-5097
Photo of Linda Bartoli, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Linda Bartoli
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60615
I am the founding director Pivot Collaborative. A a queer person, I aimed to build a diverse group practice for people who are passionate and curious about other people- people who like to challenge and support people and organizations through change processes – people who are LGBTQIA+ or queer allied – people who are focused on race, gender and the intersections of identity- people who work to change oppressive systems and people who enjoy collaboration on multiple levels.
I am the founding director Pivot Collaborative. A a queer person, I aimed to build a diverse group practice for people who are passionate and curious about other people- people who like to challenge and support people and organizations through change processes – people who are LGBTQIA+ or queer allied – people who are focused on race, gender and the intersections of identity- people who work to change oppressive systems and people who enjoy collaboration on multiple levels.
(872) 666-9807 View (872) 666-9807
Photo of Andrew Venell, Pre-Licensed Professional in Chicago, IL
Andrew Venell
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60614
I believe that with greater understanding and acceptance of our experiences, we can find a more fulfilling life, enriched by more authentic relationships with ourself and others. Being vulnerable can be a scary prospect, but the willingness to reach out to others for help is a strength. Having experienced the benefits of therapy myself, I want to honor your strength by providing a safe, non-judgmental and affirming space to explore your life's challenges and joys.
I believe that with greater understanding and acceptance of our experiences, we can find a more fulfilling life, enriched by more authentic relationships with ourself and others. Being vulnerable can be a scary prospect, but the willingness to reach out to others for help is a strength. Having experienced the benefits of therapy myself, I want to honor your strength by providing a safe, non-judgmental and affirming space to explore your life's challenges and joys.
View
Photo of Hillary Douin, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Hillary Douin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, ICDVP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60640
I have a background in a variety of community settings, primarily specializing in work related to traumatic stress, family systems, and community mental health. I have individual and group therapy experience working with adult, adolescent, and child survivors of domestic violence, sexual abuse, and other forms of interpersonal violence. I am passionate about providing affirming services to the LGBTQIA+ community. Specialties: trauma and attachment, victim advocacy, anger management, relationship issues, transitions, parent-child work, nonprofit work, clinical supervision
I have a background in a variety of community settings, primarily specializing in work related to traumatic stress, family systems, and community mental health. I have individual and group therapy experience working with adult, adolescent, and child survivors of domestic violence, sexual abuse, and other forms of interpersonal violence. I am passionate about providing affirming services to the LGBTQIA+ community. Specialties: trauma and attachment, victim advocacy, anger management, relationship issues, transitions, parent-child work, nonprofit work, clinical supervision
(708) 318-4514 View (708) 318-4514
Photo of Darren Kohlberg, Counselor in Chicago, IL
Darren Kohlberg
Counselor, LCPC, CADC
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60601
Not accepting new clients
It is my wish to establish a safe and grounding atmosphere where my clients can authentically express themselves. I truly believe in the powerful effects of engaging in an empathic and non-judgmental therapeutic alliance. This alliance is built on a foundation of mutual respect and trust which will enable you to continue on your journey with new found insight, growth, and learning. You will find that my person centered approach is based on understanding you as an individual and utilizing that understanding to promote self-satisfaction, esteem, and awareness. I provide individual, couples, group and family therapy.
It is my wish to establish a safe and grounding atmosphere where my clients can authentically express themselves. I truly believe in the powerful effects of engaging in an empathic and non-judgmental therapeutic alliance. This alliance is built on a foundation of mutual respect and trust which will enable you to continue on your journey with new found insight, growth, and learning. You will find that my person centered approach is based on understanding you as an individual and utilizing that understanding to promote self-satisfaction, esteem, and awareness. I provide individual, couples, group and family therapy.
(312) 548-1277 View (312) 548-1277
Photo of Amy Shane, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Amy Shane
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CADC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60661  (Online Only)
Welcome! I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker and PhD Candidate in Illinois and Montana, and specialize in attachment & relational trauma, eating disorders and anxiety. I am currently a PhD Candidate at the Institute for Clinical Social Work with my dissertation research and study focusing on attachment trauma and eating disorders. For individuals working on improving their relationship with food and body image, I practice solely through a Health At Every Size (HAES) approach.
Welcome! I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker and PhD Candidate in Illinois and Montana, and specialize in attachment & relational trauma, eating disorders and anxiety. I am currently a PhD Candidate at the Institute for Clinical Social Work with my dissertation research and study focusing on attachment trauma and eating disorders. For individuals working on improving their relationship with food and body image, I practice solely through a Health At Every Size (HAES) approach.
(815) 205-5510 View (815) 205-5510
Photo of Derrick Smith, Pre-Licensed Professional in Chicago, IL
Derrick Smith
Pre-Licensed Professional, MSIO
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60601  (Online Only)
I joined Relational Insight in 2023 as an intern providing affordable therapy to individuals, couples, and families. My collaborative approach to therapy helps clients tell their story and practice new perspectives or behaviors. I aim to help clients find validation, healing, and growth within life struggles and transitions. I have a passion for reaching underserved clients, especially men of color and other members of marginalized groups. I also connect easily with adolescents struggling with emotional or behavioral concerns. I strive to provide tangible support for those who may be new to focusing on their mental health.
I joined Relational Insight in 2023 as an intern providing affordable therapy to individuals, couples, and families. My collaborative approach to therapy helps clients tell their story and practice new perspectives or behaviors. I aim to help clients find validation, healing, and growth within life struggles and transitions. I have a passion for reaching underserved clients, especially men of color and other members of marginalized groups. I also connect easily with adolescents struggling with emotional or behavioral concerns. I strive to provide tangible support for those who may be new to focusing on their mental health.
(312) 874-5680 View (312) 874-5680
Photo of Debra Steele, Marriage & Family Therapist in Chicago, IL
Debra Steele
Marriage & Family Therapist, MSMFT
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60657  (Online Only)
I am a passionate therapist with a Masters in Marriage and Family Therapy from Northwestern who worked at the Studio For Change for six years. I use client strengths, humor, parts therapy, and goal setting to resolve problems and work with individuals, couples and families from diverse backgrounds. I take a holistic approach to all my cases combing elements of mental, physical, spiritual, and emotional wellness to bring healing into client's lives. I am a level 1 graduate of Internal Family Systems therapy, and a "Prepare-Enrich" premarital counselor.
I am a passionate therapist with a Masters in Marriage and Family Therapy from Northwestern who worked at the Studio For Change for six years. I use client strengths, humor, parts therapy, and goal setting to resolve problems and work with individuals, couples and families from diverse backgrounds. I take a holistic approach to all my cases combing elements of mental, physical, spiritual, and emotional wellness to bring healing into client's lives. I am a level 1 graduate of Internal Family Systems therapy, and a "Prepare-Enrich" premarital counselor.
(847) 984-0599 View (847) 984-0599
Photo of Martha J Kowalczyk, Psychologist in Chicago, IL
Martha J Kowalczyk
Psychologist, PhD, NCSP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60601  (Online Only)
Sincere, compassionate, and knowledgeable, I am a licensed clinical psychologist with over 10 years of experience treating adults, children, adolescents, and families from diverse backgrounds. Educated in psychodynamic psychotherapy and incorporating cognitive behavioral strategies and mindfulness techniques, I strive to create a safe and welcoming therapeutic environment, while helping you process earlier life experiences and implement healthier coping skills. I focus on a collaborative process in providing you with prevention and interventions towards your current stressors.
Sincere, compassionate, and knowledgeable, I am a licensed clinical psychologist with over 10 years of experience treating adults, children, adolescents, and families from diverse backgrounds. Educated in psychodynamic psychotherapy and incorporating cognitive behavioral strategies and mindfulness techniques, I strive to create a safe and welcoming therapeutic environment, while helping you process earlier life experiences and implement healthier coping skills. I focus on a collaborative process in providing you with prevention and interventions towards your current stressors.
(312) 778-5793 View (312) 778-5793
Photo of Mallory Cybulski, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Mallory Cybulski
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60622  (Online Only)
From my perspective, therapy is the ultimate representation of "working smart, not hard." There is no question that life can be incredibly difficult, and we have all learned ways to adapt and bear our unique burdens. A therapist can be instrumental in making the weight you carry just the slightest bit lighter. Through the development of targeted coping skills and candid conversation, I aim to assist each of my clients in "doing life" just a little bit better.
From my perspective, therapy is the ultimate representation of "working smart, not hard." There is no question that life can be incredibly difficult, and we have all learned ways to adapt and bear our unique burdens. A therapist can be instrumental in making the weight you carry just the slightest bit lighter. Through the development of targeted coping skills and candid conversation, I aim to assist each of my clients in "doing life" just a little bit better.
(773) 863-3230 View (773) 863-3230
Photo of Taylor Johnson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Taylor Johnson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60647  (Online Only)
Hi there! If you're scrolling through Psychology Today, I imagine you might be experiencing a life change or contemplating making a few. If so, this is a significant step. If I can, I would be happy to support you in this time of challenges or choices. It's helpful for therapy seekers and therapy providers to be in alignment on goals and approaches. So, if any of the following descriptions sound like you, we may be a great fit: 1. A young adult navigating life transitions who'd like a space to get curious & find clarity 2. A high achiever who could benefit from evaluating their lifestyle balance, sense of self & pressure to perform
Hi there! If you're scrolling through Psychology Today, I imagine you might be experiencing a life change or contemplating making a few. If so, this is a significant step. If I can, I would be happy to support you in this time of challenges or choices. It's helpful for therapy seekers and therapy providers to be in alignment on goals and approaches. So, if any of the following descriptions sound like you, we may be a great fit: 1. A young adult navigating life transitions who'd like a space to get curious & find clarity 2. A high achiever who could benefit from evaluating their lifestyle balance, sense of self & pressure to perform
(312) 836-7727 View (312) 836-7727
Photo of Leila Toshie Yabiku in Chicago, IL
Leila Toshie Yabiku
MS, LCPC
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60614
Everything has felt meaningless lately. Another week sleepwalking through the motions at work and dreading your time at home. Since that event, you’re not even sure what any of it is for. The people around you have noticed a change in your behavior; you’ve stopped socializing and have become gloomier. You had no idea how devastating this loss/change would be or how much it would change your life. Now, nights are spent restlessly staring at the ceiling. You barely eat and can’t remember the last time you exercised. Painful thoughts flood in without warning and overwhelm you. Life has become colorless, and you don’t see a way forward.
Everything has felt meaningless lately. Another week sleepwalking through the motions at work and dreading your time at home. Since that event, you’re not even sure what any of it is for. The people around you have noticed a change in your behavior; you’ve stopped socializing and have become gloomier. You had no idea how devastating this loss/change would be or how much it would change your life. Now, nights are spent restlessly staring at the ceiling. You barely eat and can’t remember the last time you exercised. Painful thoughts flood in without warning and overwhelm you. Life has become colorless, and you don’t see a way forward.
(872) 278-3383 View (872) 278-3383
Photo of Sara P Zasowski, Marriage & Family Therapist in Chicago, IL
Sara P Zasowski
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60614  (Online Only)
I work with individuals, couples and families who want more balance in everyday life and to improve their relationships with self and others. Clients who share space with me want to understand how to feel better, how to think more productively and how to access their strengths in a way that will bring them closer to their goals. My approach is collaborative and affirming. By working together in a safe, compassionate, and curious space, I am able to help my clients feel more attuned to their wants, needs and constraints to change.
I work with individuals, couples and families who want more balance in everyday life and to improve their relationships with self and others. Clients who share space with me want to understand how to feel better, how to think more productively and how to access their strengths in a way that will bring them closer to their goals. My approach is collaborative and affirming. By working together in a safe, compassionate, and curious space, I am able to help my clients feel more attuned to their wants, needs and constraints to change.
(773) 217-9627 View (773) 217-9627
Photo of Stacey Seibold, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Stacey Seibold
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60607  (Online Only)
I pride myself on meeting my clients where they are to walk alongside them as they heal & create their best life. We all at times go through periods when processing, whether towards change or healing, becomes necessary. I hope to make that process a bit more comfortable, so that you are not alone, and also to help you move through your journey with integrity and intention. Many of my clients report feeling it to be easier to approach difficult topics due to us having a friendly relationship as a foundation. I believe that foundation is in part created due to our efforts in seeing and validating their own internal strengths.
I pride myself on meeting my clients where they are to walk alongside them as they heal & create their best life. We all at times go through periods when processing, whether towards change or healing, becomes necessary. I hope to make that process a bit more comfortable, so that you are not alone, and also to help you move through your journey with integrity and intention. Many of my clients report feeling it to be easier to approach difficult topics due to us having a friendly relationship as a foundation. I believe that foundation is in part created due to our efforts in seeing and validating their own internal strengths.
(224) 261-7610 View (224) 261-7610
Photo of Samantha Gasaway, Pre-Licensed Professional in Chicago, IL
Samantha Gasaway
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60614
Accepting new clients! Reaching out to a therapist can feel vulnerable and overwhelming–I’ve been there too. I remember the fear and self-doubt involved in asking for help, but most importantly, I remember the therapists who helped me through. I’d love to do the same for you.
Accepting new clients! Reaching out to a therapist can feel vulnerable and overwhelming–I’ve been there too. I remember the fear and self-doubt involved in asking for help, but most importantly, I remember the therapists who helped me through. I’d love to do the same for you.
(872) 278-5714 View (872) 278-5714
Photo of Michelle Maddalozzo, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Michelle Maddalozzo
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, DSW, LCSW, BCD
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60654  (Online Only)
Michelle Maddalozzo is an LCSW in private practice in Illinois, North Carolina and Virginia. She holds a Masters in Social Work from the University of Chicago and will complete her Doctorate in Social Work from the University of Tennessee in June 2022. Michelle has been working with mood disorders, depression, anxiety, and trauma for over the past ten years while specializing in military mental health. She incorporates different treatment modalities (CBT, DBT, CPT, PE, solution focused) into her work, with an emphasis on body-oriented techniques. Michelle sees adults and adolescents for individual therapy.
Michelle Maddalozzo is an LCSW in private practice in Illinois, North Carolina and Virginia. She holds a Masters in Social Work from the University of Chicago and will complete her Doctorate in Social Work from the University of Tennessee in June 2022. Michelle has been working with mood disorders, depression, anxiety, and trauma for over the past ten years while specializing in military mental health. She incorporates different treatment modalities (CBT, DBT, CPT, PE, solution focused) into her work, with an emphasis on body-oriented techniques. Michelle sees adults and adolescents for individual therapy.
(312) 548-8985 View (312) 548-8985
Photo of Remi Mitchell, Counselor in Chicago, IL
Remi Mitchell
Counselor, MA, LCPC
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60613
Remi is a licensed clinical professional counselor and graduate of Roosevelt University’s Clinical Psychology (Counseling Practice) program. They specialize in working with children, adolescents, and young adults who struggle with LGBTQIA+ issues, gender identity concerns, anxiety, depression, concerns with self-worth, life transitions, and trauma. They utilize a collaborative and integrative approach, to working with clients and their families. Remi works to help clients make meaning of their past history, create and sustain meaningful connections, and to live more authentically in the present.
Remi is a licensed clinical professional counselor and graduate of Roosevelt University’s Clinical Psychology (Counseling Practice) program. They specialize in working with children, adolescents, and young adults who struggle with LGBTQIA+ issues, gender identity concerns, anxiety, depression, concerns with self-worth, life transitions, and trauma. They utilize a collaborative and integrative approach, to working with clients and their families. Remi works to help clients make meaning of their past history, create and sustain meaningful connections, and to live more authentically in the present.
(708) 765-6544 View (708) 765-6544
Photo of Robert Stoner, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Robert Stoner
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60606
As a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW), I work with adults, either individually or as couples. I use an interactive approach, grounded in Gestalt Therapy with a focus on the mind/body connection. I specialize in grief and loss and navigating life’s major transitions, in recovery from past trauma, and gay/lesbian issues.
As a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW), I work with adults, either individually or as couples. I use an interactive approach, grounded in Gestalt Therapy with a focus on the mind/body connection. I specialize in grief and loss and navigating life’s major transitions, in recovery from past trauma, and gay/lesbian issues.
(872) 713-5915 View (872) 713-5915
Photo of Dr. Alyssa Cowan, Psychologist in Chicago, IL
Dr. Alyssa Cowan
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60657  (Online Only)
Finding the right therapist can be daunting, and I honor the courage required of entering therapy. I prioritize empathy, compassion, and genuine connection in my work with emerging and established adults, creating a safe and strong therapeutic alliance to support change. I primarily use an insight-oriented approach to therapy, helping clients better understand their own subjective experience by exploring past experiences and relationships and identifying patterns of behavior that influence their current presentation today; however, I adapt my approach to the needs of each client.
Finding the right therapist can be daunting, and I honor the courage required of entering therapy. I prioritize empathy, compassion, and genuine connection in my work with emerging and established adults, creating a safe and strong therapeutic alliance to support change. I primarily use an insight-oriented approach to therapy, helping clients better understand their own subjective experience by exploring past experiences and relationships and identifying patterns of behavior that influence their current presentation today; however, I adapt my approach to the needs of each client.
(312) 374-6676 View (312) 374-6676

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Chicago, IL

3,000+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Chicago, IL who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
89% Depression
79% Relationship Issues
77% Self Esteem
71% Trauma and PTSD
67% Coping Skills
67% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

95% BlueCross and BlueShield
59% Aetna
49% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Chicago, IL see their clients

63% In Person and Online
37% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
18% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Chicago?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.