Support Groups in Normandy Park, WA
Zoom Group every Sunday at 7 pm - 8 pm. This is a support group for Women with ADHD. Get connected with other women who have ADHD , age ranges 26-55. I run the group, you must contact me first by call or email. Usually a topic with Slides and a checkin with each person. It might surprise you to learn I also have ADHD. Uniquely prepared for working with women with ADHD. Looking forward to seeing you. Call or email.

Hosted by Diane Hutcheson
Psychiatric Nurse, ARNP, MA, MN, PMHCS, BC
Group meets in Normandy Park, WA 98148
Zoom Group every Sunday at 7 pm - 8 pm. This is a support group for Women with ADHD. Get connected with other women who have ADHD , age ranges 26-55. I run the group, you must contact me first by call or email. Usually a topic with Slides and a checkin with each person. It might surprise you to learn I also have ADHD. Uniquely prepared for working with women with ADHD. Looking forward to seeing you. Call or email.
Women with ADHD Group. Sunday on ZOOM at 7 PM - 8 PM You have to sign up by talking with me first. Call or email. I lead the group, there is usually a topic with Slides and a check in with each person. If you are wanting more information about ADHD & life, or feel isolated or not connected, join us and meet other women with ADHD. Looking forward to hearing from you.

Hosted by Diane Hutcheson ARNP formerly Avalon Center
Treatment Center, ARNP, PMHCSBC, RNMAMN
Group meets in Normandy Park, WA 98148
Women with ADHD Group. Sunday on ZOOM at 7 PM - 8 PM You have to sign up by talking with me first. Call or email. I lead the group, there is usually a topic with Slides and a check in with each person. If you are wanting more information about ADHD & life, or feel isolated or not connected, join us and meet other women with ADHD. Looking forward to hearing from you.
More Groups Nearby
Groups offer us a unique opportunity to hold and be held in our process within a growth and healing oriented community. In an experiential therapy group, the individuals form a circle in which they mirror, play, experiment, enact, and care for one another. This format is fundamentally embodied, connecting, and collectively oriented. Group is a profound tools for healing relational trauma, isolation, issues of trust, and building skills that lead to a life of connection and right relationship. Monday mornings 10am - 12pm, Monday evening 5pm - 7pm, Thursday evening, 6:30pm - 8:30pm.

Groups offer us a unique opportunity to hold and be held in our process within a growth and healing oriented community. In an experiential therapy group, the individuals form a circle in which they mirror, play, experiment, enact, and care for one another. This format is fundamentally embodied, connecting, and collectively oriented. Group is a profound tools for healing relational trauma, isolation, issues of trust, and building skills that lead to a life of connection and right relationship. Monday mornings 10am - 12pm, Monday evening 5pm - 7pm, Thursday evening, 6:30pm - 8:30pm.
Wednesdays at 7 pm online. Online Group therapy for women on the spectrum -providing a safe and confidential space for any topics about being a woman navigating neurodiversity in a neurotypical world. Psychoeducation, strategies, and group therapy based on evidence-based research. I am using CBT, DBT (through an ND lens), Mindfulness, connection, and support. Trans women and non-binary people are also welcome.

Wednesdays at 7 pm online. Online Group therapy for women on the spectrum -providing a safe and confidential space for any topics about being a woman navigating neurodiversity in a neurotypical world. Psychoeducation, strategies, and group therapy based on evidence-based research. I am using CBT, DBT (through an ND lens), Mindfulness, connection, and support. Trans women and non-binary people are also welcome.
This transformative IN-PERSON support group is exclusively for Black women seeking to embrace emotional well-being. Join a compassionate community where you'll learn practical strategies to manage emotions in healthy ways. Through shared experiences and guided discussions, we'll foster healing, resilience, and inner strength. Together, we'll create a safe space to thrive and empower each other on our unique journeys.

Hosted by 253 Therapy and Consult
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Group meets in University Place, WA 98466
This transformative IN-PERSON support group is exclusively for Black women seeking to embrace emotional well-being. Join a compassionate community where you'll learn practical strategies to manage emotions in healthy ways. Through shared experiences and guided discussions, we'll foster healing, resilience, and inner strength. Together, we'll create a safe space to thrive and empower each other on our unique journeys.
https://www.bu-evolution.com/ Zoom We're delighted to open up weekly men's discussion groups with Dr Wayne Carr. Men, consider these dimensions so that our group can: 1) Truly stay “open” 2) Prevent the dangerous “diseases” of “hardening of the categories”, arrested development, and rigidification. Practicing “Speaking From” one's heart, the gut, the balls, the wisdom of the head, and moreover speaking from the integration of the head, the heart, the gut, the balls etc. Creating a conscious formative, energetic group “field” or autonomous “we-space” To give space for healthy hierarchy, consensus and majority rule when called for.

https://www.bu-evolution.com/ Zoom We're delighted to open up weekly men's discussion groups with Dr Wayne Carr. Men, consider these dimensions so that our group can: 1) Truly stay “open” 2) Prevent the dangerous “diseases” of “hardening of the categories”, arrested development, and rigidification. Practicing “Speaking From” one's heart, the gut, the balls, the wisdom of the head, and moreover speaking from the integration of the head, the heart, the gut, the balls etc. Creating a conscious formative, energetic group “field” or autonomous “we-space” To give space for healthy hierarchy, consensus and majority rule when called for.
This free virtual group offers a safe, supportive space for women 45+ navigating life transitions related to menopause and aging. Together we’ll explore hormonal changes, shifting identities, grief from loss of parents or partners, evolving family roles, and changes in work or community. Sessions provide a circle to share real experiences, find understanding, and feel less alone. We’ll normalize emotions around aging, build awareness of strengths and values, and practice mindfulness tools for resilience. Our goal is to nurture hope, empowerment, and shared wisdom as women step into this next life stage with greater clarity and connection.

This free virtual group offers a safe, supportive space for women 45+ navigating life transitions related to menopause and aging. Together we’ll explore hormonal changes, shifting identities, grief from loss of parents or partners, evolving family roles, and changes in work or community. Sessions provide a circle to share real experiences, find understanding, and feel less alone. We’ll normalize emotions around aging, build awareness of strengths and values, and practice mindfulness tools for resilience. Our goal is to nurture hope, empowerment, and shared wisdom as women step into this next life stage with greater clarity and connection.
Our groups help with "emotional and social intelligence" both critical to personal and career success. These high functioning co-ed groups ideally consist of 6-8 well screened men and women matched to life stage and educational level with two co-leaders. Besides support, the group is a rich and safe environment for creating an authentic, connected and more meaningful life with other like-minded people. We work hard to achieve an atmosphere of safety, caring, intimacy, acceptance, introspection, and interpersonal transparency and honesty. These groups are for people seriously interested in improving their personal lives AND their interpersonal relationships.

Our groups help with "emotional and social intelligence" both critical to personal and career success. These high functioning co-ed groups ideally consist of 6-8 well screened men and women matched to life stage and educational level with two co-leaders. Besides support, the group is a rich and safe environment for creating an authentic, connected and more meaningful life with other like-minded people. We work hard to achieve an atmosphere of safety, caring, intimacy, acceptance, introspection, and interpersonal transparency and honesty. These groups are for people seriously interested in improving their personal lives AND their interpersonal relationships.
This group is structured to help men who are struggling with acting on their sexuality in ways that create dysfunction within themselves or their interpersonal relationships. We are currently meeting through Telehealth means but eventually will transition to in-person soon. Group sessions last 90 minutes and involves checking in, meditation, and weekly homework centered on personal growth and reflecting on positive sexual choices.

This group is structured to help men who are struggling with acting on their sexuality in ways that create dysfunction within themselves or their interpersonal relationships. We are currently meeting through Telehealth means but eventually will transition to in-person soon. Group sessions last 90 minutes and involves checking in, meditation, and weekly homework centered on personal growth and reflecting on positive sexual choices.
The Parenting Kids with Disabilities is a support group for parents who are struggling with how to parent their disabled child or young adult. The group focuses on parenting skills, guilt, frustration, and daily living issues.

The Parenting Kids with Disabilities is a support group for parents who are struggling with how to parent their disabled child or young adult. The group focuses on parenting skills, guilt, frustration, and daily living issues.
This group focuses on those in relationship with someone who has betrayed their trust. This is a non-denominational group: all are welcome. Group sessions assist partners and spouses to release obsessions and anxieties. Whether members choose to remain in or depart from current relationships, the group will support your autonomy and integrity as you heal from betrayal. Our goal is recovery of your peace of mind. Group topics include love addiction, prodependency, grief and loss, betrayal, trauma healing, boundaries, and self-care. Members receive clinical and peer group support to establish autonomy while learning to enjoy rewarding lives.

Hosted by Amy Bloom LICSW
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, CSAT, CMAT, CCBRT
Group meets in Seattle, WA 98109
This group focuses on those in relationship with someone who has betrayed their trust. This is a non-denominational group: all are welcome. Group sessions assist partners and spouses to release obsessions and anxieties. Whether members choose to remain in or depart from current relationships, the group will support your autonomy and integrity as you heal from betrayal. Our goal is recovery of your peace of mind. Group topics include love addiction, prodependency, grief and loss, betrayal, trauma healing, boundaries, and self-care. Members receive clinical and peer group support to establish autonomy while learning to enjoy rewarding lives.
Group supervision for associates of all backgrounds! We meet one Friday per month from 10:00 am to noon, and participants may change month to month. We typically talk about business strategies, self of the therapist, and any cases we might have. As an AASECT Certified Sex Therapist and Supervisor in Training, I also offer 1-1 AASECT supervision. Email me for details.

Hosted by Brittany Steffen
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT, AASECT
Group meets in Seattle, WA 98109
Group supervision for associates of all backgrounds! We meet one Friday per month from 10:00 am to noon, and participants may change month to month. We typically talk about business strategies, self of the therapist, and any cases we might have. As an AASECT Certified Sex Therapist and Supervisor in Training, I also offer 1-1 AASECT supervision. Email me for details.
What to Expect: Rapid Resolution Therapy (RRT) is a short-term treatment. Most individuals require only 1 to 3 sessions for lasting results. Often in a single session Rapid Resolution Therapy session you can clear, transform, and resolve lifelong issues with lasting results. If you have been stuck and unable to successfully change your feelings, thoughts, or behaviors, you are likely being affected by experiences from your past. Attempting to bring about enduring change without eliminating these “ghosts from the past” is like trying to repair the structure of a building by applying a coat of paint. Book Appt Online: www.DoylestownHypnosis.com

What to Expect: Rapid Resolution Therapy (RRT) is a short-term treatment. Most individuals require only 1 to 3 sessions for lasting results. Often in a single session Rapid Resolution Therapy session you can clear, transform, and resolve lifelong issues with lasting results. If you have been stuck and unable to successfully change your feelings, thoughts, or behaviors, you are likely being affected by experiences from your past. Attempting to bring about enduring change without eliminating these “ghosts from the past” is like trying to repair the structure of a building by applying a coat of paint. Book Appt Online: www.DoylestownHypnosis.com
This weekly virtual group is for women who are facing the devastating aftermath of infidelity or other forms of intimate betrayal. Our group provides a safe space for you to share, process your feelings, and learn effective strategies for healing from trauma alongside others who deeply understand. Essential topics that foster healing will be discussed. You can learn to trust your gut again and feel empowered. Group members also receive support outside of group as they the navigate healing process. You do not have to heal from this type of pain on your own. Reach out today to sign up!

Hosted by Pacific Behavioral Healthcare
Psychologist, PhD, CST, CCPS, EMDR
Group meets in Bellevue, WA 98005
This weekly virtual group is for women who are facing the devastating aftermath of infidelity or other forms of intimate betrayal. Our group provides a safe space for you to share, process your feelings, and learn effective strategies for healing from trauma alongside others who deeply understand. Essential topics that foster healing will be discussed. You can learn to trust your gut again and feel empowered. Group members also receive support outside of group as they the navigate healing process. You do not have to heal from this type of pain on your own. Reach out today to sign up!
A somatic-based movement, dance, and mindfulness group for building safety and autonomy in the body. In this group we will explore how connecting with the body and creatively expressing through movement has the potential to: • Increase awareness and acceptance of the body. • Improve physical, emotional, and cognitive well-being. • Understand, process, and share feelings. • Reconnect with your body, build self-confidence, and enhance self-expression.

Hosted by Erika Langmeyer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, Erika Langmeyer, MSW, LSWAIC
Group meets in Seattle, WA 98103
A somatic-based movement, dance, and mindfulness group for building safety and autonomy in the body. In this group we will explore how connecting with the body and creatively expressing through movement has the potential to: • Increase awareness and acceptance of the body. • Improve physical, emotional, and cognitive well-being. • Understand, process, and share feelings. • Reconnect with your body, build self-confidence, and enhance self-expression.
The Group will cover deep conversations regarding existential conflicts, spirituality, morality, and cultural conflicts to name a few. No specific goal. It will be an open conversation where like minded individuals can share thoughts, ideas, and perspectives on numerous topics. Participants are encouraged to bring up thoughts and questions to the group as I facilitate and if needed I will throw out a topic or idea. No expectations for out of group participation. No topic is off limits. The goal is for people to feel open to bring up ideas and express concerns and disagreements in a healthy environment.

The Group will cover deep conversations regarding existential conflicts, spirituality, morality, and cultural conflicts to name a few. No specific goal. It will be an open conversation where like minded individuals can share thoughts, ideas, and perspectives on numerous topics. Participants are encouraged to bring up thoughts and questions to the group as I facilitate and if needed I will throw out a topic or idea. No expectations for out of group participation. No topic is off limits. The goal is for people to feel open to bring up ideas and express concerns and disagreements in a healthy environment.
Welcome to our Washington location where we offer in-person and telehealth options. We are dedicated to creating a safe, inclusive, and empowering environment where everyone can find support and understanding. Our commitment to matching clients with the right therapist is central to our mission. By ensuring the right fit, we create an environment where clients can thrive, feel understood, and reach their piiq (pronounced peak) potential. Whether you’re facing a specific challenge, seeking personal growth, or simply need someone to talk to, we’re here to support you on your journey toward healing and self-discovery.

Welcome to our Washington location where we offer in-person and telehealth options. We are dedicated to creating a safe, inclusive, and empowering environment where everyone can find support and understanding. Our commitment to matching clients with the right therapist is central to our mission. By ensuring the right fit, we create an environment where clients can thrive, feel understood, and reach their piiq (pronounced peak) potential. Whether you’re facing a specific challenge, seeking personal growth, or simply need someone to talk to, we’re here to support you on your journey toward healing and self-discovery.
The group focuses on both the recovery process and what each member is experiencing in real time, providing space for accountability, reflection, and connection. The group follows a developmental model of recovery. The initial stage emphasizes sobriety and stabilization. As recovery progresses, the focus expands to emotional and developmental maturation, including learning to tolerate feelings, build self-regulation, and take responsibility for behavior. A later stage emphasizes practicing relationality—developing honesty, empathy, boundaries, and the capacity for healthy, connected relationships. The group emphasizes respect, accountability, and personal responsibility, while supporting each member at their own pace within the recovery process.

The group focuses on both the recovery process and what each member is experiencing in real time, providing space for accountability, reflection, and connection. The group follows a developmental model of recovery. The initial stage emphasizes sobriety and stabilization. As recovery progresses, the focus expands to emotional and developmental maturation, including learning to tolerate feelings, build self-regulation, and take responsibility for behavior. A later stage emphasizes practicing relationality—developing honesty, empathy, boundaries, and the capacity for healthy, connected relationships. The group emphasizes respect, accountability, and personal responsibility, while supporting each member at their own pace within the recovery process.
Online supervision for LICSW Licensure, in both WA and OR. My experience surrounds clinical assessment, acute and system involved families, community based practice, family of origin and intergenerational trauma, and private practice. My approach tends to be very relational and draws on a host of practices including analytic, somatic, and narrative. In my practice I tend to focus on abolitionist values as well as relational and family of origin healing to support collective growth. Group times and days can be flexible.

Hosted by Erika Nelson (Accepting New Clients)
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Group meets in Seattle, WA 98107
Online supervision for LICSW Licensure, in both WA and OR. My experience surrounds clinical assessment, acute and system involved families, community based practice, family of origin and intergenerational trauma, and private practice. My approach tends to be very relational and draws on a host of practices including analytic, somatic, and narrative. In my practice I tend to focus on abolitionist values as well as relational and family of origin healing to support collective growth. Group times and days can be flexible.
Embark on an 12-week transformative journey with 'Mastering the Art and Science of Intentional Living with Dr. Kristen'. This comprehensive online program blends the flexibility of self-paced learning with the dynamism of live group sessions. Experience personalized growth through one-on-one sessions with Dr. Kristen and engage with a supportive community. Your path to intentional living awaits, with a perfect blend of guided and independent exploration.

Embark on an 12-week transformative journey with 'Mastering the Art and Science of Intentional Living with Dr. Kristen'. This comprehensive online program blends the flexibility of self-paced learning with the dynamism of live group sessions. Experience personalized growth through one-on-one sessions with Dr. Kristen and engage with a supportive community. Your path to intentional living awaits, with a perfect blend of guided and independent exploration.
See more therapy options for Normandy Park
Nearby Searches for Normandy Park
- Bainbridge Island
- Bellevue
- Federal Way
- Gig Harbor
- Issaquah
- Kent
- Lynnwood
- Port Orchard
- Renton
- Seattle
- Tacoma
- Tukwila
FAQs - About Group Therapy and Support Groups
How can I find a support group in Normandy Park?
To find a support group in your area, start by entering your city, zip code, or the name of the group into the search bar at the top of the page. When searching, consider whether you prefer an in-person or virtual group. This can help you decide how broad your geographic search should be. If you are open to virtual groups, you might want to search by state instead of just your city, especially if there are limited options nearby.
Once you complete your search, you can use the filters to narrow the results by selecting specialties (such as grief, trauma, or eating disorders), therapeutic approaches, age groups, and other criteria to find a group that best fits your needs.
Once you complete your search, you can use the filters to narrow the results by selecting specialties (such as grief, trauma, or eating disorders), therapeutic approaches, age groups, and other criteria to find a group that best fits your needs.
How does group therapy work?
Group therapy is led by one or more trained therapists and provides a space where participants can process their experiences and learn from others facing similar challenges. Groups may focus on a specific issue—such as addiction, grief, physical illnesses, parenting, or caregiving—or they may center around a particular therapeutic approach, such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), social skill development, or Exposure Therapy. Some groups are also designed for specific populations, such as teens, veterans, or LGBTQ+ individuals.
It’s also important to distinguish group therapy from peer-led support groups, like Alcoholics Anonymous. While both can offer valuable support, therapy groups are typically led by licensed professionals and follow a more structured format. Therapy groups often meet for a fixed length of time with a consistent group of members, while many peer support groups meet for an indefinite period of time with members coming and going.
It’s also important to distinguish group therapy from peer-led support groups, like Alcoholics Anonymous. While both can offer valuable support, therapy groups are typically led by licensed professionals and follow a more structured format. Therapy groups often meet for a fixed length of time with a consistent group of members, while many peer support groups meet for an indefinite period of time with members coming and going.
What are the benefits of group therapy?
Group therapy offers several important benefits. It brings together people facing similar challenges—whether related to mental health, physical health, or life transitions—and creates a supportive environment where participants can exchange feedback, share experiences, and learn from one another. Hearing different perspectives can help individuals discover new coping strategies and practical tools they may not have encountered on their own. Sharing personal experiences, such as coping with a serious illness or navigating family struggles, can also reduce feelings of isolation and foster a sense of connection and understanding. In addition to emotional support, group members often gain useful, real-world advice from peers who have faced similar situations.
Group therapy is typically more affordable than individual therapy and, for certain conditions, can be equally effective. Many groups also include structured activities—such as guided journaling, cognitive-behavioral exercises, or role-playing—to help participants develop concrete skills they can apply in daily life.
Group therapy is typically more affordable than individual therapy and, for certain conditions, can be equally effective. Many groups also include structured activities—such as guided journaling, cognitive-behavioral exercises, or role-playing—to help participants develop concrete skills they can apply in daily life.
Is group therapy as effective as individual therapy?
It is difficult to make a blanket statement about the effectiveness of support groups, as they vary widely in focus and the conditions they address. However, support groups can be highly valuable in helping individuals gain emotional support and achieve meaningful treatment outcomes. For certain conditions, such as substance use, research has shown that group therapy can be particularly effective—sometimes just as effective as individual therapy—in supporting long-term recovery.
Many professionals attribute the effectiveness of group therapy to the unique benefits of the group setting, which fosters peer-to-peer learning and a sense of connection through shared experiences. Group settings also offer accountability and encouragement from both facilitators and fellow participants, which helps sustain motivation and supports continued progress. These factors together play a key role in promoting the overall effectiveness of group therapy.
Many professionals attribute the effectiveness of group therapy to the unique benefits of the group setting, which fosters peer-to-peer learning and a sense of connection through shared experiences. Group settings also offer accountability and encouragement from both facilitators and fellow participants, which helps sustain motivation and supports continued progress. These factors together play a key role in promoting the overall effectiveness of group therapy.
How much does group therapy cost?
Group therapy is typically less expensive than individual therapy, with sessions typically costing between $50 and $75 each. In comparison, individual therapy can cost anywhere from $100 to $200 or more per session, even with insurance. Some therapists or organizations offer low-cost or free group therapy options, particularly through community centers or nonprofit organizations. In some cases, groups may require payment upfront for a set number of sessions, such as paying for six weekly sessions at the first meeting. However, many providers offer payment plans to help make participation more accessible if this upfront payment is required.
Does insurance cover group therapy?
As with individual therapy, insurance coverage for group therapy varies based on factors such as your specific insurance plan, the purpose of the group, your diagnosis, and whether the group provider is in-network. Many insurance plans cover group therapy sessions that address diagnosable mental health conditions, such as substance use disorders, anxiety, or depression.
However, groups that focus on topics not directly tied to a mental health diagnosis—such as parenting support or divorce recovery—are less likely to be covered. Because coverage can vary widely, it’s important to check with your insurance provider before joining a group to confirm whether the sessions will be covered and what out-of-pocket costs you may be responsible for.
However, groups that focus on topics not directly tied to a mental health diagnosis—such as parenting support or divorce recovery—are less likely to be covered. Because coverage can vary widely, it’s important to check with your insurance provider before joining a group to confirm whether the sessions will be covered and what out-of-pocket costs you may be responsible for.
How long does group therapy last?
The length of each group therapy session typically ranges from 45 minutes to two hours, depending on the therapy approach, the group’s goals, and how often the group meets. In some cases, group therapy is part of a larger treatment program, such as an Intensive Outpatient Program (IOP), where group sessions complement individual therapy and are scheduled as part of the program’s overall structure.
The duration of participation in a group also varies. Some groups are designed to be short-term, lasting anywhere from 6 to 24 weeks—for example, bereavement groups or skills-based groups like those using Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT). Other groups may be longer-term, lasting a year or more, and some ongoing support groups meet indefinitely, allowing participants to stay as long as they find the group helpful.
The duration of participation in a group also varies. Some groups are designed to be short-term, lasting anywhere from 6 to 24 weeks—for example, bereavement groups or skills-based groups like those using Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT). Other groups may be longer-term, lasting a year or more, and some ongoing support groups meet indefinitely, allowing participants to stay as long as they find the group helpful.
What are the limitations of support groups?
Support groups offer many benefits, but they also have certain limitations. Unlike therapy groups, many support groups do not provide formal therapeutic treatment and are not led by licensed mental health professionals. For individuals seeking clinical treatment for specific mental health diagnoses—such as depression, eating disorders, or substance use—individual therapy or group therapy led by a licensed professional may offer more personalized and specialized care.
The effectiveness of a support group also depends heavily on the group’s participants and the overall group dynamic. When members engage respectfully and offer constructive support, the group can foster valuable peer-to-peer learning. However, if certain participants dominate discussions, provide inaccurate advice, or create conflict, it can disrupt the group’s sense of safety and reduce its effectiveness. Confidentiality can also be harder to maintain in support groups, particularly in open groups where participants can join or leave at any time. With new members regularly entering the group, it can be more difficult to build and sustain a consistent sense of trust and privacy.
The effectiveness of a support group also depends heavily on the group’s participants and the overall group dynamic. When members engage respectfully and offer constructive support, the group can foster valuable peer-to-peer learning. However, if certain participants dominate discussions, provide inaccurate advice, or create conflict, it can disrupt the group’s sense of safety and reduce its effectiveness. Confidentiality can also be harder to maintain in support groups, particularly in open groups where participants can join or leave at any time. With new members regularly entering the group, it can be more difficult to build and sustain a consistent sense of trust and privacy.


