Support Groups in Shavano Park, TX

This group is intended for the following: 1. couples thinking about having kids. 2. Couples expecting. 3. Couples with child(men) 0-3 yrs old. Class designed to help couples keep relationship strong as they transition to parenthood and work together on creating their legacy as new parents.
Photo of Kimberlee Kay Daughtry, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPS-S, RPT, EMDR, CGT
Hosted by Kimberlee Kay Daughtry
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPS-S, RPT, EMDR, CGT
Group meets in Shavano Park, TX 78249
This group is intended for the following: 1. couples thinking about having kids. 2. Couples expecting. 3. Couples with child(men) 0-3 yrs old. Class designed to help couples keep relationship strong as they transition to parenthood and work together on creating their legacy as new parents.
(210) 463-5778 View (210) 463-5778
This group meets once a month on Saturday evenings. Judy Red Hawk, PhD describes Shamanic Breathwork (SBW) in this way: "Shamanic Breathwork is an outgrowth of depth psychology, ancient practices, addiction and codependency treatment and modern mind-body medicine research. In a safe/nurturing environment, you may open to expanded states of consciousness usually only experienced in dreaming, where self healing is experienced. The work allows you to release stuck emotions, free creative energy and reaffirm your connection with the divine, while group process aids you in discovering how to apply these healing experiences to everyday living. "
Photo of Kimberlee Kay Daughtry, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC-S, RPT, EMDR, CGT
Hosted by Kimberlee Kay Daughtry
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC-S, RPT, EMDR, CGT
Group meets in Shavano Park, TX 78249
This group meets once a month on Saturday evenings. Judy Red Hawk, PhD describes Shamanic Breathwork (SBW) in this way: "Shamanic Breathwork is an outgrowth of depth psychology, ancient practices, addiction and codependency treatment and modern mind-body medicine research. In a safe/nurturing environment, you may open to expanded states of consciousness usually only experienced in dreaming, where self healing is experienced. The work allows you to release stuck emotions, free creative energy and reaffirm your connection with the divine, while group process aids you in discovering how to apply these healing experiences to everyday living. "
(210) 591-7401 View (210) 591-7401

More Groups Nearby

Life can be a blur when you're at a crossroads from past-to-present-to-future when making life changing decisions. Fear has a way of attacking the nervous system making it difficult to regulate your thoughts and emotions. Leaving you empty, alone, and afraid. Adulting through Anxiety is a 13-week class to help you navigate through life as you transition from adolescent into adulthood.
Photo of Autry Jamison, Marriage & Family Therapist, BA, MA, LMFT, APCC
Hosted by Autry Jamison
Marriage & Family Therapist, BA, MA, LMFT, APCC
Group meets in San Antonio, TX 78253
Life can be a blur when you're at a crossroads from past-to-present-to-future when making life changing decisions. Fear has a way of attacking the nervous system making it difficult to regulate your thoughts and emotions. Leaving you empty, alone, and afraid. Adulting through Anxiety is a 13-week class to help you navigate through life as you transition from adolescent into adulthood.
(408) 872-8409 View (408) 872-8409
**NOT YOUR AVERAGE MENTAL HEALTH PRACTICE** Healing Space Therapeutics is changing the therapy experience to offer quality care when, where, and how you need it. We make getting help and staying committed to it Easy, Assessable, & Convenient. Sessions are offered EVERYDAY from 7am-10pm by Phone, Video, & Text. Our Client Portal App allows self-scheduling and keeps you connected to your therapist by instant message for continued support outside of weekly sessions. Our intention to provide a space of healing that is welcoming, intimate, and supportive. Real people, who really care, offering real solutions, for real results.
Photo of Emiley A Delgado - Healing Space Therapeutics, PLLC, Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, LMFT
Hosted by Healing Space Therapeutics, PLLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, LMFT
Group meets in San Antonio, TX 78225
**NOT YOUR AVERAGE MENTAL HEALTH PRACTICE** Healing Space Therapeutics is changing the therapy experience to offer quality care when, where, and how you need it. We make getting help and staying committed to it Easy, Assessable, & Convenient. Sessions are offered EVERYDAY from 7am-10pm by Phone, Video, & Text. Our Client Portal App allows self-scheduling and keeps you connected to your therapist by instant message for continued support outside of weekly sessions. Our intention to provide a space of healing that is welcoming, intimate, and supportive. Real people, who really care, offering real solutions, for real results.
(210) 871-0270 View (210) 871-0270
This group is about bringing back ancient shamanic practices and healing methods. Recover your power animal, shamanic journeying, soul retrieval ceremonies, purification and illumination of body, mind and spirit practices.
Photo of Khadijat Quadri, Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor, LPC, NCC, CHT, LCMHC
Hosted by Khadijat Quadri
Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor, LPC, NCC, CHT, LCMHC
Group meets in San Antonio, TX 78228
This group is about bringing back ancient shamanic practices and healing methods. Recover your power animal, shamanic journeying, soul retrieval ceremonies, purification and illumination of body, mind and spirit practices.
(919) 283-3692 View (919) 283-3692
Mental Health and Addictions Recovery tools, skills, and strategies, developing action plans, advanced directives, post-crisis planning, and wellness topics.
Photo of Donna Speeks Armstrong - Wellspring Wellness Manifest CFIL, Pre-Licensed Professional, PhDCC, MA, MHFA, LCPC, BCLC
Hosted by Wellspring Wellness Manifest CFIL
Pre-Licensed Professional, PhDCC, MA, MHFA, LCPC, BCLC
Group meets in San Antonio, TX 78213
Mental Health and Addictions Recovery tools, skills, and strategies, developing action plans, advanced directives, post-crisis planning, and wellness topics.
(210) 625-7689 View (210) 625-7689
Dream groups are especially powerful in that they provide respectful witnesses and fellow travelers in the art of dream tending. I have been tending dreams since 1983 and have found them to be the most potent force in my own personal and professional growth and in that of my patients, providing the most direct link between ego consciousness and the more unconscious transcendence of the Self. It is difficult to capture in writing the beauty and power of this experience; as with most gifts and blessings which come our way, there is no substitute for the real thing.
Photo of Susan Blake, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Hosted by Susan Blake
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Group meets in San Antonio, TX 78209
Dream groups are especially powerful in that they provide respectful witnesses and fellow travelers in the art of dream tending. I have been tending dreams since 1983 and have found them to be the most potent force in my own personal and professional growth and in that of my patients, providing the most direct link between ego consciousness and the more unconscious transcendence of the Self. It is difficult to capture in writing the beauty and power of this experience; as with most gifts and blessings which come our way, there is no substitute for the real thing.
(210) 618-0042 View (210) 618-0042
Together we will support and learn from one another as we learn to move forward, heal, rediscover self, regain a sense of security, and learn to trust others and yourself again after being harmed by a "narcissistic type" abusive and/or gaslighting relationship. Learn Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) skills to stay emotionally centered, overcome self-doubt, and reclaim your self-worth. Recognize the impact of narcissistic abuse and gaslighting. Learn tactics and the stages of narcissistic abuse: Idealization, devaluation, discard and hoovering. Recognize gaslighting techniques and language. Learn to regulate emotions and manage distress tolerance. October15/Dec17. $450 payments available
Hosted by Northside Family Counseling Center
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC-S
Group meets in San Antonio, TX 78259
Together we will support and learn from one another as we learn to move forward, heal, rediscover self, regain a sense of security, and learn to trust others and yourself again after being harmed by a "narcissistic type" abusive and/or gaslighting relationship. Learn Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) skills to stay emotionally centered, overcome self-doubt, and reclaim your self-worth. Recognize the impact of narcissistic abuse and gaslighting. Learn tactics and the stages of narcissistic abuse: Idealization, devaluation, discard and hoovering. Recognize gaslighting techniques and language. Learn to regulate emotions and manage distress tolerance. October15/Dec17. $450 payments available
(210) 361-7431 View (210) 361-7431
This virtual group provides an empowering space for women to share, connect, and grow together. We will explore meaningful topics that are central to women's lives such as identity development, pregnancy and postpartum experiences, motherhood, interpersonal relationships, career ambitions, and overall mental health and wellness. Members will have the opportunity to share their experiences, gain insight, and build community with other women navigating similar challenges. The group is designed to foster connection, empowerment, and personal growth in a safe and nonjudgmental environment. We will start on October 15th from 6:00-7:30pm. Financial commitment is $75 per session.
Photo of Dr. Harriet Singelyn, Psychologist, PsyD
Hosted by Dr. Harriet Singelyn
Psychologist, PsyD
Group meets in San Antonio, TX 78260
This virtual group provides an empowering space for women to share, connect, and grow together. We will explore meaningful topics that are central to women's lives such as identity development, pregnancy and postpartum experiences, motherhood, interpersonal relationships, career ambitions, and overall mental health and wellness. Members will have the opportunity to share their experiences, gain insight, and build community with other women navigating similar challenges. The group is designed to foster connection, empowerment, and personal growth in a safe and nonjudgmental environment. We will start on October 15th from 6:00-7:30pm. Financial commitment is $75 per session.
(830) 224-4185 View (830) 224-4185
Weekly 1 hour. $50 per class. 6 week course. This course has been designed to help moms learn to cope effectively with this new phase of life. Skills will be taught to help address anxiety and depression, along with the many emotions that are common during this time. Other topics that will be addressed will be body image, nutrition, sleep, asserting needs, and navigating the adjustment into motherhood.
Photo of Becca Allen - Becca Allen Counseling, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC, CEDS, PMH-C, LMHC
Hosted by Becca Allen Counseling
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC, CEDS, PMH-C, LMHC
Group meets in Alamo Heights, TX 78209
Weekly 1 hour. $50 per class. 6 week course. This course has been designed to help moms learn to cope effectively with this new phase of life. Skills will be taught to help address anxiety and depression, along with the many emotions that are common during this time. Other topics that will be addressed will be body image, nutrition, sleep, asserting needs, and navigating the adjustment into motherhood.
(210) 934-0137 View (210) 934-0137
Clinical Supervision for LPC-Associates in the State of Texas. Two hours per month of individual supervision focused on building private practice along with staffing current clientele cases. Two hours per month of group supervision focused on building therapeutic skills. Please message for rates and dates.
Photo of Michelle Jacinto, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC-S
Hosted by Michelle Jacinto
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC-S
Group meets in San Antonio, TX 78228
Clinical Supervision for LPC-Associates in the State of Texas. Two hours per month of individual supervision focused on building private practice along with staffing current clientele cases. Two hours per month of group supervision focused on building therapeutic skills. Please message for rates and dates.
(210) 761-4124 View (210) 761-4124
Counseling4Life is a dynamic practice that is staffed by Masters level licensed, and pre-licensed counselors/therapists, currently under supervision. Our staff has training and experience in play therapy, parent/child relationships, couples therapy, teen issues, trauma and abuse recovery, spirituality in counseling, anger and stress management, career issues, depression and anxiety, and mood disorders. We offer sliding scale rates that are affordable because we believe everyone deserves the opportunity to heal! Call us at (210) 209-0642 for more information or visit us at www.Counseling4LifeLLC.com for more information!
Photo of Stephanie A. Hofbauer, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC-S, RPT-S
Hosted by Stephanie A. Hofbauer
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC-S, RPT-S
Group meets in San Antonio, TX 78232
Counseling4Life is a dynamic practice that is staffed by Masters level licensed, and pre-licensed counselors/therapists, currently under supervision. Our staff has training and experience in play therapy, parent/child relationships, couples therapy, teen issues, trauma and abuse recovery, spirituality in counseling, anger and stress management, career issues, depression and anxiety, and mood disorders. We offer sliding scale rates that are affordable because we believe everyone deserves the opportunity to heal! Call us at (210) 209-0642 for more information or visit us at www.Counseling4LifeLLC.com for more information!
(210) 853-0327 View (210) 853-0327
A Mother's Heart is a small, intimate support group for moms to connect & refuel in a meaningful way so that you can give your best self to your family, work & life. This is an 8 week, closed support group, which means that once we begin, I will not let anyone new into the group. We will discuss coping skills, postpartum mood issues, mindfulness, healthy couples communication & parenting techniques, and more. Registration is required prior to joining this group. . For more information, please visit my website. http://aspirenb.com/a-mothers-heart/
Photo of Gillian Amaro, Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC
Hosted by Gillian Amaro
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC
Group meets in New Braunfels, TX 78130
A Mother's Heart is a small, intimate support group for moms to connect & refuel in a meaningful way so that you can give your best self to your family, work & life. This is an 8 week, closed support group, which means that once we begin, I will not let anyone new into the group. We will discuss coping skills, postpartum mood issues, mindfulness, healthy couples communication & parenting techniques, and more. Registration is required prior to joining this group. . For more information, please visit my website. http://aspirenb.com/a-mothers-heart/
(512) 501-2597 View (512) 501-2597
This a Christian faith based group utilizing the book "Breaking Free On The Wings Of Forgiveness." Group members will dive into the life trials presented in the book and reflect on similar life trials in their lives relating to forgiveness. Members will explore their typical responses and how those relate to their faith and biblical view. Group Tentative schedule will be Tues nights from 7:30pm-8:30 pm lasting for 8 weeks. If interested, please email or call to be placed on the waiting list.
Photo of Erica Felisa Thompson - Beneath The Surface Therapy Solutions LLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-S
Hosted by Beneath The Surface Therapy Solutions LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-S
Group meets in Converse, TX 78109
This a Christian faith based group utilizing the book "Breaking Free On The Wings Of Forgiveness." Group members will dive into the life trials presented in the book and reflect on similar life trials in their lives relating to forgiveness. Members will explore their typical responses and how those relate to their faith and biblical view. Group Tentative schedule will be Tues nights from 7:30pm-8:30 pm lasting for 8 weeks. If interested, please email or call to be placed on the waiting list.
(210) 742-5136 View (210) 742-5136
This group assists adopted girls in dealing with adoption and peer issues. Usually 2-5th grades; 4 sessions repeated twice per year.
Hosted by Dorothy W Le Pere
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LMFT, CGP
Group meets in San Antonio, TX 78209
This group assists adopted girls in dealing with adoption and peer issues. Usually 2-5th grades; 4 sessions repeated twice per year.
(210) 757-4160 View (210) 757-4160
(This group is currently full, as we prioritize the value of small, supportive settings. However, we are accepting names for our waitlist. If you're interested in joining in the future, please reach out, and we’ll notify you when an opening becomes available.) Group Description: The Resilience Room is a virtual, curriculum-based support group for those navigating trauma, major life transitions, or emotional pain. Each session offers practical tools for healing, emotional strength, and resilience, alongside space for honest discussion and connection. You don’t have to heal alone.
Photo of Ross Hendrickson, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, LMFT-A
Hosted by Ross Hendrickson
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, LMFT-A
Group meets in Helotes, TX 78023
(This group is currently full, as we prioritize the value of small, supportive settings. However, we are accepting names for our waitlist. If you're interested in joining in the future, please reach out, and we’ll notify you when an opening becomes available.) Group Description: The Resilience Room is a virtual, curriculum-based support group for those navigating trauma, major life transitions, or emotional pain. Each session offers practical tools for healing, emotional strength, and resilience, alongside space for honest discussion and connection. You don’t have to heal alone.
(830) 271-3951 View (830) 271-3951
Compassionate support for individuals navigating grief and loss. Whether you're coping with the death of a loved one, the end of a relationship, or any significant life change, I provide a safe and understanding space to help you process emotions and find healing. Together, we can explore ways to manage your grief and move forward at your own pace.
Photo of Ashley Mendoza, Licensed Professional Counselor, MS
Hosted by Ashley Mendoza
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS
Group meets in San Antonio, TX 78240
Compassionate support for individuals navigating grief and loss. Whether you're coping with the death of a loved one, the end of a relationship, or any significant life change, I provide a safe and understanding space to help you process emotions and find healing. Together, we can explore ways to manage your grief and move forward at your own pace.
(830) 953-7533 View (830) 953-7533
This is a couple workshop (for you and your partner) meant to start the healing process after finding out about intimacy betrayal- cheating, online adult addiction, emotional affairs, sexting habits, etc. The work is completed as a couple and includes 4 Individual sessions per person(1hrpersession)as well as 6 intensive couple sessions(3hrspersession). $5500 for 3-month package. If paid in full, $5000. Goals include disclosure of behaviors, development of communication and connection, promotion of safety within couple
Photo of Cheryl Camarillo - Cheryl Camarillo Helps Rebuild Relationships, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Hosted by Cheryl Camarillo Helps Rebuild Relationships
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Group meets in San Antonio, TX 78213
This is a couple workshop (for you and your partner) meant to start the healing process after finding out about intimacy betrayal- cheating, online adult addiction, emotional affairs, sexting habits, etc. The work is completed as a couple and includes 4 Individual sessions per person(1hrpersession)as well as 6 intensive couple sessions(3hrspersession). $5500 for 3-month package. If paid in full, $5000. Goals include disclosure of behaviors, development of communication and connection, promotion of safety within couple
(210) 940-0431 View (210) 940-0431
We will use the workbook for FACING the SHADOWS. It is online zoom and limited to 10 people. 10 week commitment. $50 per session. Starts in January 2023
Photo of Cheryl Camarillo, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CST, AASECT, CSAT, BCIA
Hosted by Cheryl Camarillo
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CST, AASECT, CSAT, BCIA
Group meets in San Antonio, TX 78213
We will use the workbook for FACING the SHADOWS. It is online zoom and limited to 10 people. 10 week commitment. $50 per session. Starts in January 2023
(210) 625-7873 View (210) 625-7873
The goal of R.E.A.L Talk is to provide young ladies with the tools to be Resilient and Empowered to practice Acceptance and self-Love. The group will discuss topics and participate in engaging activities to address the following: Setting Healthy Boundaries, Bullying Being Assertive, Body Image and Healthy Eating, Negative Thinking Habits, Values and Self-Discovery, Relationships and Sex, Stress Management, and more.
Photo of Whitni F Toson, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC-S, EMDR, PMH-C
Hosted by Whitni F Toson
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC-S, EMDR, PMH-C
Group meets in San Antonio, TX 78254
The goal of R.E.A.L Talk is to provide young ladies with the tools to be Resilient and Empowered to practice Acceptance and self-Love. The group will discuss topics and participate in engaging activities to address the following: Setting Healthy Boundaries, Bullying Being Assertive, Body Image and Healthy Eating, Negative Thinking Habits, Values and Self-Discovery, Relationships and Sex, Stress Management, and more.
(210) 585-4341 View (210) 585-4341

See more therapy options for Shavano Park

FAQs - About Group Therapy and Support Groups

How can I find a support group in Shavano Park?

To find a support group in your area, start by entering your city, zip code, or the name of the group into the search bar at the top of the page. When searching, consider whether you prefer an in-person or virtual group. This can help you decide how broad your geographic search should be. If you are open to virtual groups, you might want to search by state instead of just your city, especially if there are limited options nearby.

Once you complete your search, you can use the filters to narrow the results by selecting specialties (such as grief, trauma, or eating disorders), therapeutic approaches, age groups, and other criteria to find a group that best fits your needs.

How does group therapy work?

Group therapy is led by one or more trained therapists and provides a space where participants can process their experiences and learn from others facing similar challenges. Groups may focus on a specific issue—such as addiction, grief, physical illnesses, parenting, or caregiving—or they may center around a particular therapeutic approach, such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), social skill development, or Exposure Therapy. Some groups are also designed for specific populations, such as teens, veterans, or LGBTQ+ individuals.

It’s also important to distinguish group therapy from peer-led support groups, like Alcoholics Anonymous. While both can offer valuable support, therapy groups are typically led by licensed professionals and follow a more structured format. Therapy groups often meet for a fixed length of time with a consistent group of members, while many peer support groups meet for an indefinite period of time with members coming and going.

What are the benefits of group therapy?

Group therapy offers several important benefits. It brings together people facing similar challenges—whether related to mental health, physical health, or life transitions—and creates a supportive environment where participants can exchange feedback, share experiences, and learn from one another. Hearing different perspectives can help individuals discover new coping strategies and practical tools they may not have encountered on their own. Sharing personal experiences, such as coping with a serious illness or navigating family struggles, can also reduce feelings of isolation and foster a sense of connection and understanding. In addition to emotional support, group members often gain useful, real-world advice from peers who have faced similar situations.

Group therapy is typically more affordable than individual therapy and, for certain conditions, can be equally effective. Many groups also include structured activities—such as guided journaling, cognitive-behavioral exercises, or role-playing—to help participants develop concrete skills they can apply in daily life.

Is group therapy as effective as individual therapy?

It is difficult to make a blanket statement about the effectiveness of support groups, as they vary widely in focus and the conditions they address. However, support groups can be highly valuable in helping individuals gain emotional support and achieve meaningful treatment outcomes. For certain conditions, such as substance use, research has shown that group therapy can be particularly effective—sometimes just as effective as individual therapy—in supporting long-term recovery.

Many professionals attribute the effectiveness of group therapy to the unique benefits of the group setting, which fosters peer-to-peer learning and a sense of connection through shared experiences. Group settings also offer accountability and encouragement from both facilitators and fellow participants, which helps sustain motivation and supports continued progress. These factors together play a key role in promoting the overall effectiveness of group therapy.

How much does group therapy cost?

Group therapy is typically less expensive than individual therapy, with sessions typically costing between $50 and $75 each. In comparison, individual therapy can cost anywhere from $100 to $200 or more per session, even with insurance. Some therapists or organizations offer low-cost or free group therapy options, particularly through community centers or nonprofit organizations. In some cases, groups may require payment upfront for a set number of sessions, such as paying for six weekly sessions at the first meeting. However, many providers offer payment plans to help make participation more accessible if this upfront payment is required.

Does insurance cover group therapy?

As with individual therapy, insurance coverage for group therapy varies based on factors such as your specific insurance plan, the purpose of the group, your diagnosis, and whether the group provider is in-network. Many insurance plans cover group therapy sessions that address diagnosable mental health conditions, such as substance use disorders, anxiety, or depression.

However, groups that focus on topics not directly tied to a mental health diagnosis—such as parenting support or divorce recovery—are less likely to be covered. Because coverage can vary widely, it’s important to check with your insurance provider before joining a group to confirm whether the sessions will be covered and what out-of-pocket costs you may be responsible for.

How long does group therapy last?

The length of each group therapy session typically ranges from 45 minutes to two hours, depending on the therapy approach, the group’s goals, and how often the group meets. In some cases, group therapy is part of a larger treatment program, such as an Intensive Outpatient Program (IOP), where group sessions complement individual therapy and are scheduled as part of the program’s overall structure.

The duration of participation in a group also varies. Some groups are designed to be short-term, lasting anywhere from 6 to 24 weeks—for example, bereavement groups or skills-based groups like those using Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT). Other groups may be longer-term, lasting a year or more, and some ongoing support groups meet indefinitely, allowing participants to stay as long as they find the group helpful.

What are the limitations of support groups?

Support groups offer many benefits, but they also have certain limitations. Unlike therapy groups, many support groups do not provide formal therapeutic treatment and are not led by licensed mental health professionals. For individuals seeking clinical treatment for specific mental health diagnoses—such as depression, eating disorders, or substance use—individual therapy or group therapy led by a licensed professional may offer more personalized and specialized care.

The effectiveness of a support group also depends heavily on the group’s participants and the overall group dynamic. When members engage respectfully and offer constructive support, the group can foster valuable peer-to-peer learning. However, if certain participants dominate discussions, provide inaccurate advice, or create conflict, it can disrupt the group’s sense of safety and reduce its effectiveness. Confidentiality can also be harder to maintain in support groups, particularly in open groups where participants can join or leave at any time. With new members regularly entering the group, it can be more difficult to build and sustain a consistent sense of trust and privacy.